Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College
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Tuberculosis of Gall Bladder
Full text linkGallbladder with Chronic cholecystitis and cholelithiasis is an everyday routine diagnosis in surgical pathology practice. However, one may encounter some rare diseases of gallbladder. Tuberculosis (TB) of Gall bladder is a rare infection; should also be considered amongst the differential list of gall bladder disorders and management of gall bladder pathologies. 
Level of Knowledge and Perceived Barriers about Mammography among Females
No full textObjective: To assess the level of knowledge and perceived barriers of mammography among women of 40 years of age and above, of Rawalpindi and Islamabad city. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in outpatient departments of two tertiary care hospitals, of Rawalpindi and Islamabad city through interviewer administered questionnaire. Second part of the questionnaire was self-developed and pilot tested while third part was adopted from Champion’s Health Belief Model. Ethical approval from hospital management and written informed consent from participants was taken. About 350 participants were interviewed completely. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: Mean age of the participants was 52.91±8.59 years. Out of total study population, 197 (56.29%) participants had poor level of knowledge while 155 (44.30%) women agreed on that 36-45 years is suitable age for mammography. Few barriers were highlighted through questionnaire, some more than others like, inspite of being expensive, I will get it done, if doctor advised me (58.29%)”, “lack of awareness about health facility having Mammography” (53.72%), dislike, being examined by male doctor (52.86%). Lack of transport facility (50%) and “permission from husband (50.29%).
Conclusion: Increasing the level of knowledge about mammography will help in reducing the perceived barriers and improving the attitude towards mammography in women
Evaluation of Faculty Development Program: A Collaborative Project of NIH&SS Pakistan and PHMI, USA
Full text linkObjective: To develop logic model for the planning, evaluation and assessment of the process of collaborative faculty development program of Partners Harvard Medical International (PHMI) and National Institute of Health and Social Sciences (NIH&SS). Material & Methods: This study was done in the Capacity development building of NIH&SS in March 2010. The faculty development program was carried out by NIH&SS in collaboration with PHMI, USA. At the initial stage a logic model was developed to highlight the planning and evaluation of the program for all the stake holders. In second stage, quasiexperimental study was designed and data was collected from mediation. Comparison of the groups was obtained by carrying out pretest and a post-test questionnaire. Purposive sampling was done from target population being mentors serving as faculty in healthcare profession. Descriptive statistics was done using Univariate and Bivariate analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed that 95% of program participants did meet their personal professional needs; more than 95% reported change in attitude towards team work in diverse group setting, more than 98% reported gain in knowledge and skill for innovative teaching strategies, 96% of participants considered experimental learning helpful in developing assessment items. The bivariate analysis showed that the educational activities and exercises of the program succeeded to accomplish the outcomes. Conclusion: Capacity building of mentors in health profession at the workplace can address the needs of all the stakeholders in terms of time and resource manageme
Pattern and Causes of Tooth Extraction in Patients Reporting to a Teaching Dental Hospital
Full text linkObjective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the pattern and causes of tooth loss. This will be helpful for dental practitioners to be more vigilant regarding oral health care. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out at Islamabad Dental Hospital, an affiliated teaching dental hospital of Islamabad Medical & Dental College, Bharakahu. Dental extractions carried out over a period of one year and eight months were included in the study.
Results: A total of 8355 patients (12562 extractions in a total) were evaluated with majority 50 years and above and predominance of females. Mandibular posterior teeth were frequently extracted, with mandibular 1st molar in dominance due to caries.
Conclusion: Regardless of age, gender and set of dentition, caries was the key reason of most of the extractions. Mandibular first molar was the most commonly extracted tooth. Gender distribution indicated females in majority
Diagnostic Value of Combined: C- Reactive Protein, Total Leukocyte Count and Platelet Count in Neonatal Sepsis
Full text linkObjective: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of combination of Total Leukocyte Count, Platelet count and C - reactive protein for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Pediatrics, DHQ hospital, Sargodha. Blood samples for Sepsis work-up including C-reactive protein (CRP), Platelet count, TLC and blood culture collected were before the initiation of antibiotic therapy. The complete blood count was done on the automated hematology analyzer; CRP level estimation was done by Latex agglutination method. Patient having abnormal values of TLC, CRP and Platelet count were followed by report of blood culture which was used as gold standard for the diagnosis of Neonatal sepsis. Results: There were 98(38%) male and 162(62%) female patients with mean age of 1.8 ± 1.6 days. C-reactive protein, total leukocytes counts and platelet count collectively, were abnormal in 132(50.7%) suspected neonates with sepsis. Blood culture was found positive in 166(63.8%) neonates. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of combined abnormal CRP, total leukocyte counts and platelet count was 75.3%, 92.5%, 94.6% and 67.9% respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic value of combined abnormal tests (CRP, TLC and platelet count) was found significant and can be used for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis when boold culture results are awaited
Revascularization of Non-vital Permanent Teeth with Open Apices: A New Treatment Modality
Full text linkObjective: To determine increase in root(s) length and thickness and closure of apical foramen in patients undergoing revascularization of immature, permanent, necrotic teeth Material and Methods: This study was conducted at outpatient department of Operative Dentistry, Pakistan institute of medical sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, from 22nd January 2011 to 22nd January 2013. All the patients were assessed with the detailed history and clinical examination. On the first visit, pulp chambers of the teeth were opened followed by minimal instrumentation. Disinfection of the root canal was done with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), saline, and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Then triple antibiotic paste (TAP) was placed in the canal till next visit. In the next visit, in the absence of clinical signs and symptoms, under local anesthesia without vasoconstrictor, bleeding was induced in the root canal. Blood clot was allowed to form beyond the level of cementoenamel junction (CEJ) which was then covered with non-setting formulation of calcium hydroxide{Ca(OH)2}and bacteria tight coronal seal with glass ionomer cement or composite was made. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 till 24 months. Results: Efficacy of revascularization was measured on 24 months follow up of patients having immature, permanent and necrotic teeth. Out of 36 teeth, 34 (94.4%) showed increase in root length and whereas only 2 (5.6%) teeth showed no increase in root length. Similarly, 33 (91.7%) teeth showed increase in root thickness and 3 (8.3%) patients showed no increase in root thickness. Conclusion: On the basis of follow-up period of at least 24 months, the present study demonstrates favorable outcome of the revascularization procedure in terms of increase in root length and thickness in immature permanent necrotic maxillary anterior teeth. The cases remained successful even with the use of non-setting formulation of Ca(OH)2 in place of mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)