Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College
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Myths regarding dental health and hygiene among the employees of a tertiary care hospital: single centred study
Get PDFObjective: To identify various myths and misconceptions regarding dental health and hygiene among the non-medical employees of a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 200 non-medical regular employees of a public tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Simple random sampling was used to collect data using self-constructed mixed questionnaire. Doctors, nurses and paramedics were excluded from the study. Ethical approval from Institute of Review board was taken before commencing the study.
Results: Study population comprised of 200 respondents with majority (n=190) males, above the age of 40 years (n=118). Majority were married (n=185) and had education of Maters level (n=124). Dental problem was experienced by 94.5% participants. Majority (58.5%) used tooth brush to clean their tooth compared to 5% using miswak and 2.5% danadasa. More than half (54%) of participants believed that gap between upper incisors is symbol of good fortune whereas 41.5% believed that eye sight can be affected following dental extraction. One-fourth (24.5%) participants believed that wisdom tooth has some link with the wisdom and 78% responded that dental problems can be inherited. Majority (63.5%) believed that the procedure of scaling weakens the teeth.
Conclusion: Non-medical employees believe in outdated false stories and myths regarding dental health and hygiene. We recommend educational and counselling sessions for our population specially the ones working in a healthcare facility regarding dental health. There is strong need to discourage various myths prevailing in the community by endorsing health promotion.
Key words: Myths, brushing, extraction, pain, scalin
Advancing Research Through Clinical Trials: Insights from Dr. Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Islamabad
Get PDFTrends of Antimicrobial Sensitivity Among Common Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Rawalpindi
Get PDFObjective: To evaluate the resistance patterns of frequently found pathogens to different antimicrobial agents, aiding physicians in choosing appropriate treatment strategies for patients within our locality.
Materials and Method: This retrospective observational study took place at Pakistan Railway hospital (PRH) Rawalpindi; from January 2021 to December 2021. Data was obtained from the institute's database, the Hospital Information Management System (HIMS). Pathogens were identified in the laboratory through Gram staining and biochemical tests, and their antibiotic sensitivity profiles using disk diffusion method assessed following protocols established by the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24, and data entry was carried out accordingly.
Results: Overall, 1128 positive cultures were reported in study period including urine, pus, HVS, sputum cultures, stool, blood, catheter tip, and others (tissue fluid, wound, and cannula tip etc.). They comprised 32.8 %, 30.9 %, 16.6%, 5.05 %, 3.81%, 3.72 %, 1.15%, 0.70 % and 0.08% of the other specimens respectively. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli revealed 31.4% resistance against one of the third-generation cephalosporin and 8% to imipenem while Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited 58.7% resistance. Moreover 82% Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to oxacillin, and 6% to vancomycin.
Conclusion: Moderate to reduced susceptibility to frequently utilized antimicrobials has been noted across diverse gram-positive and gram-negative species, apart from Penicillin. To address the escalating resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins, it is essential to establish and enforce rigorous infection control measures
Pulmonary Cyst: A Rare Extra-Renal Manifestation of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Get PDFAutosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by bilateral multiple renal cysts of varying sizes leading to end stage renal failure after a few years. Though there is a wealth of information regarding the extrarenal visceral linkages of ADPKD, very few studies have described constellate pulmonary findings within the spectrum of extrarenal manifestations. This case study features a 55-year-old woman who had intermittent flank pain for two years until an ultrasound revealed she had ADPKD. HRCT chest revealed pulmonary cysts in bilateral lung fields. Patient had no pre-existing pulmonary disease or co-existing risk factors, HRCT findings were considered to be the spectrum of ADPKD associations. The report underscores the need for comprehensive systemic diagnostic evaluation in patients for ADPKD, as fatal complications like pneumothorax can be the first presentation of such patients in emergency department besides other systemic complaints.
 
Association between Myopia and Central Corneal Thickness among Patients in a Tertiary Care PAF Hospital
Get PDFObjectives
Central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement is important in the estimation of intraocular pressure (IOP). It is also important when decision has to be made regarding refractive surgery. Studies conducted to determine the relationship between myopia and CCT have produced debatable outcomes. While some studies have found a negative correlation between CCT and the degree of myopia, many others have reported no significant correlation between the two. We attempt to study the relationship between them among patients attending the Ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.
Methods
This was a prospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at the department of Ophthalmology, PAF Hospital, E9 Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of four months, from March to June, 2024. Participants were enrolled using non-probability, consecutive sampling. The central corneal thickness was measured and compared in myopic and emmetropic patients.
Results
In this study we examined 100 eyes of 50 participants. 50 eyes were myopic while the other 50 were emmetropic. There was a statistically significant difference between these two means (P=0.009) and so CCT was found to be thinner in myopic patients. However, no correlation was seen between CCT and the degree of myopia (P=0.055). Our study found no significant relation between CCT and age or gender.
Conclusion
There is a statistically significant difference between the mean CCT of emmetropes and myopes, with myopic eyes having thinner corneas. However, no significant difference is seen in the CCT according to the degree of myopia
The Stromal Expression of CD-10 in Breast Carcinoma and its Association with Estrogen, Progesterone receptors, Her2Neu and Tumor Grade
No full textIntroduction: In previous studies, role of stromal component in epithelial malignancies has been highlighted. CD10 is a member of metalloproteinase family that breaks down the protein components of extracellular matrix and epithelial tissue remodeling thus playing an important role in carcinogenesis and metastasis.
To evaluate CD 10 expression in breast carcinoma and assess its association with grade of the tumor, ER, PR and Her 2 Neu status.
Methodology: The study was carried in Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital (FGPH) and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabadԁ. Immunohistochemical panel of CD 10, ER, PR and Her 2 was applied to 171 cases of invasive breast carcinoma. The association of CD 10 anԁ ER/PR status was evaluated.
Results: Among 171 cases of breast carcinoma, 77.8% cases were CD-10 positive. A total of 65.5% of ER negative cases expressed strongly positive CD-10 in the stroma as compared to 37.2% of ER positive cases (P=0.001). In 64.4% of PR negative cases expressed strong positivity of CD-10 in the stroma compareԁ with 37.5% (42/112) PR positive cases (P=0.001). The association of CD-10 with HER-2-NEU was not significant (P=0.749). Association of high-grade tumor with CD 10 was not statistically significant (P=0.258).
Conclusion: It was observed that CD10 expression is associated with negative ER, PR status and with higher grades of the tumors, showing its prognostic significance.
Key Words: Breast cancer, CD 10, Estrogen receptors, HER2neu, Progesterone receptors
 
Perception of Ethics and Professionalism Teaching among Dental Professionals at a Teaching Hospital in Karachi
Get PDFBackground: Health care professionals come across many ethically difficult situations in their clinical practices and community; the students should be equipped with skills to resolve ethical and professional issues.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Baqai dental college, Karachi. All the faculty members and house officers of the dental teaching hospital were included in the study. The tool used for the data collection was a structured questionnaire, for drawing views of the participants on professionalism and ethics teaching. The survey instrument evaluated two domains; attitudes 25 items, and goals 19 items on ethics and professionalism education. Data were recorded and analyzed in SPSS 24. To compare the responses of both the groups, that is, the house officers and the faculty member’s independent t-test was applied to compare the mean scores. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The questionnaire was circulated to a total of 157 participants (75 faculty members and 82 house officers) with a 100% response rate. The faculty members and the house officers showed a positive attitude regarding ethics, professionalism, and teachings. The participants agreed with the goals that can be achieved by incorporating professionalism and medical ethics in education. The participant strongly affirmed the learning and teaching of professionalism (4.06 ± 0.989).
Conclusion: The realization of the need to teach ethics and professionalism by dental professionals is the first step to bringing change in their daily clinical practice and interpersonal qualities.
Keywords: Ethics, Professionalism, “Education, Medical”, “Personality development”, “Social Desirability”.
 
C -Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Count and Neutrophils: A Diagnostic Aid in Acute Appendicitis
Get PDFBackground: Many clinical methods, scoring systems, radiological and laboratory investigations are used to diagnose and differentiate simple from complicated appendicitis. Proactive approach results in high rate of negative appendectomies and conservative approach results in increased rate of post-operative complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of CRP, TLC and Neutrophil percentage in the diagnosis and differentiation of simple and complicated appendicitis.
Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at department of Surgery, Nishtar medical university/hospital, Multan from 1st November, 2019 to 30th April, 2021. Blood samples from patients were collected after admission, for CRP, TLC and Neutrophil percentage. Data were collected and analyzed through SPSS version 23.
Results: A total of 320 patients more than 12 years of age, 168 (52.5%) male and 152 (47.5%) female with 1.10:1, were included in the study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) of CRP were 90.6%, 80%, 96% and 61.5% for acute appendicitis and 96.7%, 80%, 98.3%, and 66.7% for perforated appendicitis respectively with p-value of <0.000. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of TLC were 87.5%, 80%, 95.9% and 54.5% for acute and 93.3%, 90%, 99.1% and 52.9% for perforated appendicitis with p= <0.000. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of Neutrophils, in acute and perforated appendicitis were 83.8%, 76.7%, 95%, and 46.9% versus 87.5%, 70%, 97.2%, 31.8% respectively with P-value < 0.000.
Conclusion: Sensitivity, specificity and PPV of CRP, TLC and Neutrophils increased with the severity of appendicitis. Combining the results of the above three markers increased the diagnostic accuracy.
Keywords: Acute appendicitis, CRP (C-reactive protein), TLC (Leukocyte count) and Neutrophils
