Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Pelaksanaan Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS-PK) di Puskesmas
Get PDFThe Healthy Indonesia Program is one of the programs of the nawacita agenda, in order to improve the health and nutritional status of the community through health efforts and community empowerment. This program makes the puskesmas as a pioneer in the implementation by prioritizing the family approach. In this way it is expected to increase the reach, target and improve access to health services in the working area. The Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach (PIS-PK) also emphasized the essence of puskesmas’ functions as promoting and preventing efforts. The purpose of this paper was to know PIS-PK implementation process at 8 puskesmas in 5 provinces, namely Wayurang, Karanganyar, Tanjung Sari, and Tanjung Bintang (Lampung Selatan Regency, Lampung), Banjarnegara 1 (Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java), Lahihuruk (Waikabubak Regency, East Nusa Tenggara), Giri Mulya (Tanahbumbu District, South Kalimantan), and Tawaeli Health Center (Palu City, Central Sulawesi) conducted during 2018. This analysis was part of the PIS-PK implementation research conducted using the approach Participatory Action Research (PAR), through qualitative methods; in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and seeing the results of updating the data conducted by officers. Based on the results of the FGD with officers and in-depth interviews with the head of the puskesmas, it was found that all locus puskesmas had carried out preparations for the implementation of home visits including the preparation of human resources, carrying out on the job training (OJT), preparing logistics, conducting external socialization before conducting home visits. Home visit had only been conducted by data collection phase. It had not been integrated in existing program in puskesmas.
Abstrak
Program Indonesia Sehat merupakan salah satu program dari agenda nawacita, dalam rangka meningkatkan derajat kesehatan dan status gizi masyarakat melalui upaya kesehatan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Program ini menjadikan puskesmas sebagai pelopor pelaksanaan dengan mengedepankan pendekatan keluarga. Dengan cara ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan jangkauan, sasaran, dan meningkatkan akses pelayanan kesehatan di wilayah kerjanya. Program Indonesia Sehat dengan Pendekatan Keluarga (PIS-PK) juga menekankan esensi fungsi puskesmas pusat kesehatan masyarakat (puskesmas) dalam upaya promotif dan preventif. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan PIS-PK pada delapan puskesmas di lima provinsi, yaitu Puskesmas Wayurang, Puskesmas Karanganyar, Puskesmas Tanjung Sari, dan Puskesmas Tanjung Bintang (Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Lampung), Puskesmas Banjarnegara 1 (Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah), Puskesmas Lahihuruk (Kabupaten Waikabubak, Nusa Tenggara Timur), Puskesmas Giri Mulya (Kabupaten Tanahbumbu, Kalimantan Selatan), dan Puskesmas Tawaeli (Kota Palu, Sulawesi Tengah) yang dilakukan selama tahun 2018. Analisis ini merupakan bagian dari riset implementasi PIS-PK yang dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan Participatory Action Research (PAR), melalui metode kualitatif; wawancara mendalam, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan melihat hasil updating data yang dilakukan petugas. Berdasarkan hasil FGD dengan petugas dan wawancara mendalam kepala puskesmas diketahui bahwa seluruh puskesmas lokus telah melaksanakan persiapan pelaksanaan kunjungan rumah meliputi persiapan SDM, melaksanakan on the job training (OJT), mempersiapkan logistik, melakukan sosialisasi eksternal sebelum melakukan kunjungan rumah. Kunjungan rumah yang dilakukan baru bersifat pendataan, belum mengintegrasikan program yang ada di puskesmas
The Relationship of Delayed Appendectomy to the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) in Acute Appendicitis Patients: A Narrative Review
Get PDFAcute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of surgery worldwide. Appendectomy is a skeptical surgical intervention associated with the risk of Surgical Site Infection (SSI). The purpose of this analysis was to describe the relationship between delayed appendectomy in acute appendicitis and the incidence of SSI. Reviewers selected articles containing data on the incidence of SSI due to appendectomy delays for 3 to 48 hours from seven databases, namely Pubmed, Nature, SpringerLink, Science Direct, ProQuest, Oxford Open Access Journal, and Cochrane Library. The data source was secondary data from international articles published in 2011 to 2020 based on the PICO criteria. The data obtained were then grouped and synthesized without meta-analysis/Synthesis Without Metaanalysis (SWiM) descriptively. A total of 2,778 articles were collected, of which 24 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 4 articles showed an association between appendectomy delay and SSI while the other 20 articles did not show a relationship between the two. There was no relationship between appendectomy delays for less than 48 hours since hospital admission to surgery with the incidence of SSI, however a delayed for more than 48 hours showed a significant value. The results showed there was no relationship between delayed appendectomy for less than 48 hours since the time the patientwas admitted to the hospital until the surgery took place, but a delayed appendectomy delay for more than 48 hours showed a significant relationship with the incidence of SSI. This narrative review supports early surgical intervention of acute appendicitis cases by considering the severity of the patient to avoid other surgical complications.
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Apendisitis akut menjadi salah satu penyebab pembedahan yang paling sering ditemukan di seluruh dunia. Apendektomi merupakan intervensi bedah skeptis yang berhubungan dengan risiko terjadinya Surgical Site Infection (SSI). Tujuan analisis ini untuk mendapatkan gambaran hubungan antara penundaan apendektomi pada apendisitis akut dengan kejadian SSI. Reviewer memilih artikel yang memuat data kejadian SSI akibat penundaan apendektomi selama 3 sampai 48 jam dari tujuh basis data yaitu Pubmed, Nature, SpringerLink, Science Direct, ProQuest, Oxford Open Access Journal, dan Cochrane Library. Sumber data berupa data sekunder dari artikel internasional yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2011 hingga 2020 berdasarkan kriteria PICO. Data yang didapatkan kemudian dikelompokkan dan disintesis tanpa meta-analisis/Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) secara deskriptif. Total artikel yang dikumpulkan adalah 2.778 artikel, sebanyak 24 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 4 artikel menunjukkan hubungan antara keterlambatan apendektomi dengan SSI sedangkan 20 artikel lainnya tidak menunjukkan hubungan keduanya.Tidak ada hubungan penundaan apendektomi kurang dari 48 jam sejak masuk rumah sakit hingga operasi dengan insidensi SSI namun penundaan lebih dari 48 jam menunjukkan nilai yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan penundaan apendektomi selama kurang dari 48 jam sejak pasien masuk rumah sakit hingga proses pembedahan berlangsung tetapi penundaan apendektomi lebih dari 48 jam menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan terhadap kejadian SSI. Tinjauan naratif ini mendukung intervensi bedah yang cepat pada kasus apendisitis akut dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat keparahan pasien dan untuk menghindari komplikasi pembedahan lain
Penggunaan Insektisida Rumah Tangga dan Kerentanan Aedes sp terhadap Permetrin di Kelurahan Sorosutan Kota Yogyakarta
Get PDFAbstract. The use of household insecticides is an alternative solution to prevent mosquito bites.Most of the household insecticides sold in Indonesia have pyrethroid active ingredients, permethrin,which is available in the aerosol formulation. Inappropriate use of household insecticides can reducemosquito susceptibility. The objectives of this study are to describe the use of household insecticidesand susceptibility of Aedes sp. against permethrin in Sorosutan Yogyakarta. This study used a crosssectionalsurvey design. This study was conducted in December 2018–April 2019 in 354 householdsin Sorosutan which were randomly selected based on proportional sampling. Interviews about thehousehold insecticides were conducted with the owner or resident of the house. The susceptibilitytests used impregnated paper with permethrin 0.75%. The survey results showed that 25.14% ofthe houses use household insecticides. The insecticide used were aerosol, electric mosquito repellents,and mosquito coils containing active ingredients of the pyrethroid group, namely dimefl uthrin,transfl uthrin, prallethrin, cypermethrin, and metofl uthrin. The susceptibility test results showed adecrease in mosquito susceptibility where the population of Aedes sp. in Sorosutan has been resistantagainst permethrin. The continuous use of insecticides with pyrethroid active ingredients can developmosquito resistance against permethrin because all pyrethroids have the same mode of action. Thisstudy concludes that only a small proportion (25,14%) of the households used insecticides with theactive ingredients used mainly in the pyrethroid group (dimefl uthrin, transfl uthrin, prallethrin,cypermethrin, and metofl uthrin) and the population of Aedes sp. in Sorosutan has been resistant topermethrin
VAKSIN FLU BURUNG DI MANUSIA SEBAGAI UPAYA ALTERNATIF PENCEGAHAN TERHADAP RE-EMERGING VIRUS H5N1
No full textA total of 182 human cases of avian influenza have been reported in Indonesia in the period 2004-2011, with a case fatality rate (CFR) among them of 86%. Various risk factors for avian influenza transmission have also been identified, including a high population, having many types of poultry (broiler, layer, village chickens, etc), traditional poultry systems that promote close human relationships, and the presence of several areas in Indonesia which are strategic locations as a place to rest and meet various wild birds. Vaccination is one of the efforts to prevent the re-emergence of H5N1 avian influenza transmission. However, the avian influenza vaccine for the public is not yet available in Indonesia. The purpose of this review article is to examine the avian influenza vaccine in humans as a preventive measure against the re-emergence of avian influenza in Indonesia, and to determine the progress of developing avian influenza vaccines. The results of the review show that several avian influenza vaccine candidates have been approved by WHO, one of which is a vaccine candidate using an isolated virus from Indonesia. This information on the development of avian influenza vaccines for humans is useful and can be used as an avian influenza pre-pandemic preparedness in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Sebanyak 182 kasus flu burung pada manusia telah dilaporkan di Indonesia pada periode tahun 2004-2011, dengan case fatality rate (CFR) sebesar 86%. Berbagai faktor risiko penularan flu burung juga telah diidentifikasi, antara lain jumlah penduduk yang tinggi, memiliki banyak jenis unggas (ayam broiler, layer, kampong, dsb), sistem perunggasan tradisional yang membuat kedekatan hubungan antara manusia, dan adanya beberpa wilayah di Indonesia yang menjadi lokasi strategis sebagai tempat istirahat dan bertemunya berbagai unggas liar. Vaksinasi merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah munculnya kembali penularan flu burung H5N1. Namun demikian, vaksin flu burung untuk masyarakat belum tersedia hingga saat ini. Tujuan dari review artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji vaksin flu burung pada manusia sebagai tindakan pencegahan terhadap kemunculan kembali flu burung di Indonesia, dan untuk mengetahui kemajuan pengembangan vaksin flu burung. Hasil review menunjukkan beberapa kandidat vaksin flu burung telah disetujui oleh WHO, salah satunya adalah kandidat vaksin menggunakan isolat virus asal Indonesia. Informasi perkembangan vaksin flu burung bagi manusia ini bermanfaat dan dapat digunakan sebagai kesiapsiagaan prepandemi flu burung di Indonesia
PENGARUH SALINITAS TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN STADIUM AKUATIK Aedes aegypti DI LABORATORIUM
Get PDFAedes aegypti is known as the species of mosquito that breeds in fresh water, but due to the nature of adaptive this species found in habitats containing salt. This laboratory experiment aims to find out how different concentration of salinity will affect aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti. Salinity concentrations or treatment used in this study were 0‰, 2‰, 4‰, 6‰, 8‰ and 10‰ with five replicates. The observed parameters is the number of hatched eggs and number of surviving larvae or pupa after exposed to media containing salt. The results show that salinity influence both the number of hatced eggs and surviving larvae or pupae. There were decrease of number of hatched eggs and also the surviving larva or pupa as salinity increase. Analysis of variance showed significant relationship between salinity and the number of larvae or pupae survived but not with number of hatched eggs. Dengue vector adaptation against salinity become a phenomenon that needs to be examined and related to the spread of vector in habitats containing salt as well as transmission of the virus
Asesmen Pengendalian Corona Virus Diseases-19 (Covid-19) di Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
No full textThe current outbreak of the Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) has also threatened the people in Palu, Central Sulawesi. Kelurahan, as part of the Regional Government system, has been in direct contact with the community in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. If there is no serious handling by the local government, it is feared that there will be an increase in uncontrolled cases that exceed the capacity and capacity of health facilities. The information about the readiness of kelurahan, the effectiveness of the border post, Community Health Center (Puskesmas), surveillance, and the community knowledge regarding COVID-19 are necessary to be identified. Data were collected through interviews with structured questionnaires and a list of depth-interview. The study was conducted out from May to November 2020 in Palu. The results showed that 97,8% of the kelurahan in Palu has already carried out the indicators stated in the technical guidance of COVID-19 control issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs. The border posts, which a new post designated to prevent and control the transmission of COVID-19 from outside Palu, have effectively suppressed the spread of COVID-19. There was a problem regarding the COVID-19 surveillance, specifically in data reporting and epidemiology investigation. The community health centers have conducted an education about COVID-19 and provide service for expecting mothers and newborns. Also, the community knowledge regarding COVID-19 has shown to be good. Keywords: COVID-19, kelurahan, border post, surveillance, community health center, knowledge, Palu
Abstrak
Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19) juga mengancam kesehatan masyarakat di Kota Palu, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Kelurahan sebagai sistem pemerintahan daerah langsung bersentuhan dengan masyarakat dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19. Apabila tidak dilakukan penanganan secara serius oleh pemerintah daerah, dikhawatirkan akan terjadi peningkatan kasus yang tidak terkendali melebihi kemampuan dan kapasitas fasilitas kesehatan. Informasi mengenai kesiapan kelurahan, efektivitas pos di perbatasan, Puskesmas, surveilans, pengetahuan, perlu diketahui. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner terstruktur maupun panduan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilakukan di Kota Palu pada Bulan Mei – November 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 97,8% kelurahan di Kota Palu sudah melaksanakan parameter yang disebutkan dalam buku pedoman penanganan COVID-19 yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Dalam Negeri. Pos Penanganan dan Pencegahan COVID-19 di Perbatasan Kota Palu efektif menekan penyebaran COVID-19. Terkait surveilans COVID-19 di Kota Palu ditemukan permasalahan dalam pelaporan data dan penyelidikan epidemiologi. Puskesmas telah melakukan penyuluhan dan pelayanan bayi baru lahir sesuai dengan Petunjuk Teknis Pelayanan Puskesmas Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang COVID-19 sudah baik.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, Kelurahan, Pos Pencegahan, Surveilans, Puskesmas, Pengetahuan, Pal
Profil Physalis minima L. dari Berbagai Etnis di 9 (Sembilan) Provinsi Indonesia Secara HPLC dan Kemometrik
Get PDFMany Indonesian people use plants for medicine and health care. In 2017, the Center for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines (B2P2TOOT), the National Institute of Health Research and Development (Badan Litbangkes) conducted a Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs (Ristoja) by collecting 30 types of medicinal plants. Physalis minima L. (ciplukan) is one of the Ristoja plants that has been studied at the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Center of Health Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, Badan Litbangkes. This study aimed to determine the chromatogram profile of plants to obtain plant quality and clusters between plants from different geographic origins using chemometric applications. There were 66 ciplukan samples collected from 15 ethnic groups in 9 provinces in Indonesia. Analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector at a wavelength (λ) of 254 nm and 366 nm. From the optimization results, the HPLC eluent used was a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol with a gradient system. The results from HPLC were chemometrically processed with data interpretation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA results of HPLC chromatograms at λ 254 nm and 366 nm, showed 2 clusters, which indicated that Physalis minima L. Ristoja results had 2 phytochemical profiles. The peak detected at λ 366 nm was more complex than at λ 254 nm.
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Masyarakat Indonesia banyak memanfaatkan tanaman untuk pengobatan maupun perawatan kesehatan. Pada tahun 2017, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional (B2P2TOOT), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Badan Litbangkes) telah melakukan Riset Tanaman Obat dan Jamu (Ristoja) dengan mengumpulkan 30 jenis tanaman obat. Physalis minima L. (ciplukan) merupakan salah satu tanaman hasil Ristoja yang telah diteliti di Laboratorium Farmasi, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan, Badan Litbangkes. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui profil kromatogram tanaman untuk mendapatkan kualitas mutu tanaman dan klaster antara tanaman dari asal geografis yang berbeda menggunakan aplikasi kemometrik. Sampel ciplukan yang terkumpul berjumlah 66 buah dari 15 etnis pada 9 provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan detektor Photo Diode Array (PDA) pada panjang gelombang (λ) 254 nm dan 366 nm. Dari hasil optimasi, eluen HPLC yang digunakan adalah campuran asetonitril dan metanol dengan sistem gradien. Hasil dari HPLC diolah secara kemometrik dengan interpretasi data menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil PCA dengan HPLC pada λ 254 nm and 366 nm, masing-masing memiliki 2 klaster yang menunjukkan bahwa Physalis minima L. hasil Ristoja memiliki 2 profil fitokimia. Puncak yang terdeteksi pada λ 366 nm lebih kompleks dibanding λ 254 nm