Journals of Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
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Optimasi Formula Pasta Gigi Kombinasi Ekstrak Rimpang Temu Kunci dan Sereh dengan CMC-Na dan Carbomer sebagai Bahan Pengikat Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design
No full textComercial toothpaste contain fluoride to prevent dental caries. The usage of fluoride in large quantities may cause irreversible enamel fluorosis, brittle bones, brittle teeth, premature aging, spontaneous abortion, and carcinogenic. Objective this experiment is knowing the extract concentration of finger roots and lemongrass which is equivalent to positive control and then performed optimization of toothpaste preparation formula with different concentrations of CMC-Na and carbomer with pH and viscosity parameters using the Simple Lattice Design method. The antibacterial test of lemongrass extract, finger roots and its combination with a concentration of 5% against Streptococcus mutans bacteria, showed the average diameter of the largest clear zone: finger roots extract was 11.167±0.288mm; combination of lemongrass extract:finger roots extract (1:2) was 10.83±0.288mm; combination of lemongrass extract: finger roots (2:1) was 10,067±1,006mm; lemongrass extract was 9.33±0.751mm; The combination of lemongrass extract:finger roots extract (1:1) was 9,133±0,321mm.. Post Hoc test results shows comparable to positive controls were 5% finger roots extracts, combination of lemongrass:finger roots 1:2 combination, and 2:1 combination. The optimum formula was obtained using the SLD method with a combination of 0.900% CMC-Na and 1,100% carbomer as a binding agent. The optimum pH formula of toothpaste was 7,613±0,076 and Viscosity 2,43,104cps±2571,640. The paired t-test pH obtained p-value 0.222 and the viscosity obtained p-value 0.934. The experimental results were not significantly different from the results predicted by the software simply latex design. The 5% finger roots extract can be developed into an herbal toothpaste with binding agent CMC-Na and a carbomer ratio of 0,9:1,1
Penggunaan Metode Hybrid e-Learning untuk Praktikum Imunologi Farmasi di Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Get PDFLaboratory work of Pharmaceutical Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy UGM aims to provide skills of applying antigens, antibodies, and immunological techniques in pharmaceutical; and ideally each student should be able to perform it completely. However, the limitation of time and facilities making the learning process ineffective. An innovative learning method such as hybrid e-learning is expected to increase the learning effectiveness. Learning materials and online quizzes/discussions were uploaded and carried out using elisa.ugm.ac.id (eLisa), respectively, combined with on-site works in the laboratory. The method was evaluated by examination scores and final grades. Student participations in online quizzes increased from first to fourth quiz (average participation rate 98.86±0.87%). Compared to the conventional method applied in 2016 (n=207), the examination average score did not increase; however, the percentage of students whose score is 90-100 were higher in the hybrid e-learning. The average final grade of the hybrid e-learning was 81.43±0.70; whereas the conventional method of 2016 was 80.22±5.22. More than 80% students (n=48) expressed easiness in following courses and were satisfied with the online learning materials’ quality. Hence, the hybrid e-learning results positive effects in increasing the effectiveness of the learning process. Development of more interactive online platforms is needed to optimize the learning process
The importance of hospital re-accreditation: improving the timeliness of laboratory critical value reporting
Get PDFBackground: Patient safety is the main issue in healthcare services nowadays. Delaying to inform the critical value of laboratory results is a significant source of harm for the patient. The aim of this study is to compare the timeliness of laboratory critical value reporting before and after re-accreditation as one of the service quality indicators in Hospital X.
Methods: This study was done by using observational cross-sectional in Hospital X on January - February 2020 with total sampling method of critical value reporting to the responsible clinician that originated from Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Verlos Kamer (VK), and inpatient ward (IW) 1-6 from January-December 2019. The timeliness of reporting was counted since the laboratory result was obtained until received by the responsible clinician within £ 30 minutes and categorized as "On time" or "Late".
Results: During 2019, there were 816 reporting which has been done before re-accreditation (511) and after re-accreditation (305) with 17 kinds of tests. The most reported test was platelet with 349 (before re-accreditation) and 101 (after re-accreditation), whilst SGOT/SGPT and albumin were the fewest one. The lowest timeliness of reporting percentage was 76,00% (February), whilst the highest was 98,48% (November). The timeliness of reporting's percentage was 84,34% (before re-accreditation) and 94,43% (after re-accreditation). The statistical analysis result revealed Pearson Chi-Square correlation was 18,535 with significance 0,000 and 3,145 odds ratio which shows that re-accreditation could significantly increase the timeliness of critical value reporting three times.
Conclusion: This result showed that re-accreditation could affect the timeliness of laboratory critical value reporting to the responsible clinicians.
Keywords: re-accreditation, critical value, laboratory, patient safety, hospital
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Keselamatan pasien merupakan isu utama dalam pelayanan kesehatan. Tertundanya komunikasi hasil nilai kritis laboratorium merupakan sumber bahaya yang signifikan terhadap pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan ketepatan waktu pelaporan nilai kritis laboratorium sebelum dan setelah reakreditasi sebagai salah satu indikator mutu di RS X.
Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara observasional dengan metode cross sectional di RS X pada Januari - Februari 2020 dengan total sampling laporan nilai kritis kepada Dokter Penanggung Jawab Pasien (DPJP) yang berasal dari ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Verlos Kamer (VK), dan ruang rawat inap 1 – 6 sejak Januari – Desember 2019. Ketepatan waktu pelaporan dihitung sejak hasil pemeriksaan didapatkan hingga diterima oleh DPJP dalam waktu £ 30 menit dan dinyatakan sebagai "Tepat Waktu" atau "Terlambat".
Hasil: Selama tahun 2019, terdapat 816 pelaporan yang dilakukan sebelum akreditasi (511) dan setelahnya (305) dengan 17 jenis pemeriksaan. Pemeriksaan trombosit menjadi yang paling banyak dilaporkan yaitu 349 (sebelum akreditasi) dan 101 (setelah akreditasi), sedangkan SGOT/SGPT dan albumin menjadi yang paling sedikit. Persentase ketepatan waktu pelaporan paling rendah adalah 76,00% (Februari) sedangkan yang paling tinggi adalah 98,48% (November). Persentase ketepatan waktu pelaporan didapatkan 84,34% (sebelum akreditasi) dan 94,43% (setelah akreditasi). Hasil analisis statistik didapatkan korelasi Pearson Chi-Square 18,535 dengan signifikansi 0,000 dan Odds ratio 3,145 menunjukkan re-akreditasi mampu meningkatkan kemungkinan ketepatan waktu pelaporan nilai kritis sebesar tiga kali lipat.
Kesimpulan: Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa re-akreditasi mampu mempengaruhi ketepatan waktu pelaporan nilai laboratorium kritis kepada DPJP.
Kata kunci: re-akreditasi, nilai kritis, laboratorium, keselamatan pasien, rumah sakit
THYROID FUNCTION AND MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDBEARING AGE WOMEN
No full textBackground. Thyroid dysfunction is frequently associated with psychiatric problems, such as anxiety or depression. On the other hand, thyroid dysfunction patients have little reason to be concerned about their mental health. Childbearing age women are included in the priority category because they require excellent health conditions to prepare for pregnancy and parenthood. Objective. This study aimed to investigate relationship between thyroid function (as evaluated by thyroid hormone levels and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels) with mental health in childbearing age women. Method. This study is a cross sectional study, with childbearing age women (aged 15 years and up) who are already menstruating but have not yet reached menopause. The research was conducted in Yogyakarta City and Bukittinggi City with a total sample of 487 people. This study’s independent variables were TSH and free T4 levels. The dependent variables were anxiety and depression. Other things to consider are height, body weight, and age. Blood samples had used to measure TSH and free T4 levels. All respondents were interviewed to assess whether they were depressed or anxious using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results. There is a significant difference in score of BAI (21.1±11,67 vs 19.7±11.18, p<0.000) and BDI (10.1±8.06 vs 9.50±7.36, p<0.000) between groups. Other results found that disfunction thyroid hormone levels (TSH <0.3 mIU/mL) was related to depression (OR 2.324 95% CI 1.072–5.041, p<0.05; AOR 2.718 95% CI 1.028–7.186, p<0.05), but not associated with anxiety. Conclusion. Thyroid dysfunction, particularly low thyroid stimulating hormone levels, has been linked to higher risk of depression in childbearing age women
VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF (+)-CATECHIN IN ETHYL ACETATE FRACTION OF GAMBIR EXTRACT (Uncaria gambir Roxb.)
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ABSTRACT
Gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) is a plant that has been widely used by people for traditional medicine. The main compound of gambir extract is a (+)-catechin that has been proven as anti-dental plaque, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antihyperlipidemic. This study aims to validate a method for the quantitative determination of catechin in ethyl acetate fraction of gambir extract based on spectrophotometry. The validation was conducted by measuring the linearity, accuracy, and ruggedness of the method that fulfills the requirements along with the limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantification (LoQ) determination. Determining the precision (based on %RSD and CV), 100 ppm of catechin were made to 7 replicates while accuracy was evaluated by calculating the recovery. The ruggedness of the method is determined by analyzing it on a different day. The linearity was determined by assessing the r-value on the relation between the absorbance curve and standard series concentration. The LoD and LoQ could be calculated based on the standard curve equation. The results showed the method fulfilled the linearity requirement with R 0.9996; had precision in 1.23% RSD; had accuracy in the range of 100.80% to 101.64%; the method ruggedness was not significantly different; had 3.85 ppm of LoD and 12.84 ppm of LoQ. The validation method showed a valid result, and the method can be used for routine analysis on the measurement of catechin in ethyl acetate fraction of gambir extract.
Keywords: Catechin, Uncaria gambir, Method Validation, Spectrophotometry
ABSTRAK
Daun gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) merupakan tanaman yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat dalam pengobatan tradisional. Senyawa utama ekstrak gambir adalah (+)-katekin yang telah terbukti sebagai anti plak gigi, antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antihiperlipidemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memvalidasi suatu metode penentuan kuantitatif katekin dalam fraksi etil asetat ekstrak gambir secara spektrofotometri. Validasi dilakukan dengan mengukur linearitas, akurasi, dan kekasaran metode yang memenuhi persyaratan beserta penetapan Limit of Detection (LoD) dan Limit of Quantification (LoQ). Penentuan presisi (berdasarkan %RSD dan CV), 100 ppm katekin dibuat 7 ulangan sedangkan akurasi dievaluasi dengan menghitung perolehan kembali. Kekasaran metode ditentukan dengan menganalisisnya pada hari yang berbeda. Linearitas ditentukan dengan mengukur nilai r pada hubungan antara kurva absorbansi dan konsentrasi seri standar. Berdasarkan persamaan kurva standar, maka LoD dan LoQ dapat dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode memenuhi syarat linearitas dengan R 0,9996; memiliki presisi di 1,23% RSD; memiliki akurasi pada kisaran 100,80% sampai dengan 101,64%; kekasaran metode tidak berbeda nyata; memiliki 3,85 ppm LoD; dan 12,84 ppm LoQ. Validasi menunjukkan hasil yang valid, dan metode tersebut dapat digunakan untuk analisis rutin pada pengukuran katekin dalam fraksi etil asetat ekstrak gambir.
Kata kunci: Catechin, Uncaria gambir, Validasi Metode, Spektrofotometri
 
PENGENDALIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DENGAN OVITRAP DAN MOSQUITO TRAP DI BEBERAPA DAERAH DI INDONESIA
Get PDFThe Dengue Fever (DF)/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a major public health problem in Indonesia. Indonesia of DHF cases in 2019 increased compared to the previous year, which was 138.127 cases with an Incidence Rate (IR) of 51.53 per 100.000 population. The vectors of dengue virus are Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes polynesiensis, and Aedes scutellaris mosquitoes. Prevention of dengue transmission relies mainly through vector control. The use of traps such as ovitrap and mosquito trap has the potential to be applied and integrated with other methods. Ovitrap and mosquito trap usage information is expected to be applied in the community and can assist in the dengue vector control program. The data in this article were secondary data from several research results that had been published and were field experiment. Ovitrap and mosquito trap are able to trap Aedes and non-Aedes mosquitoes. The effectiveness of the trap can be increased through the use of attractants from plant-based ingredients in the form of straw soaking water, mixture of brown sugar and yeast, mixture of granulated sugar and yeast, and chili extract. Ovitrap and mosquito trap with attractants from plant-based ingredients were quite effective in reducing the density of Aedes mosquitoes, besides that it safer for humans and non-target animals
Keragaman nyamuk tersangka vektor Filariasis di tiga Kecamatan Kabupaten Brebes Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Get PDFFilariasis limfatik merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh cacing filaria dan ditularkan melalui berbagai jenis nyamuk, penyakit ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Dampak kesehatan dari penyakit filariasis adalah rasa sakit, kecacatan serta menghambat produktivitas. Berdasarkan profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Brebes 2019 diketahui bahwa terdapat 61 kasus filariasis. Kasus filariasis tertinggi ditemukan pada Kecamatan Ketanggungan, Paguyangan dan Bantarkawung. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies nyamuk yang diduga menjadi vektor filariasis di tiga kecamatan Kabupaten Brebes. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan survei entomologi. Data dianalasis secara deskriptif berdasarkan kelimpahan nisbi, frekuensi dominansi nyamuk dan keberadaan mikrofilaria pada nyamuk.
Hasil penelitian menemukan enam spesies yaitu Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. vishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. bitaeniorhyncus, Armigeres sp dan Aedes aegypti. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan di tiga kecamatan tersebut adalah Culex quinquefasciatus, dengan angka dominansi sebesar 73,04 di Kecamatan Ketanggungan, 50 di Kecamatan Bantarkawung dan 43,75 di Kecamatan Paguyangan. Kondisi lingkungan fisik suhu dan lingkungan di lokasi tersebut yaitu 19-31,7oC dan 59-99%. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu nyamuk yang berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis adalah Culex quinquefasciatus dengan lokasi terbanyak di Kecamatan Ketanggungan