20450 research outputs found
Sort by
Ergonomía e innovación en prevención: Análisis sobre el empleo de exoesqueletos en el entorno laboral.
Get PDFEn los últimos años se ha observado un considerable crecimiento por el interés en avances
tecnológicos que puedan aplicarse a entornos laborales. Dispositivos como drones, robots y
exoesqueletos se han ido adaptando para poder ser utilizados en diferentes sectores y su
incorporación al mundo laboral se encuentra en constante investigación y evolución.
El empleo de estos dispositivos en los puestos de trabajo puede ser beneficioso, pero al
igual que aportan beneficios también pueden surgir nuevos riesgos, para los cuales se
deben establecer medidas para intentar evitarlos.
Este trabajo surge del interés por conocer cuáles son los beneficios que pueden aportar los
exoesqueletos en el entorno laboral y cuáles son los riesgos que pueden surgir de su uso,
normativa aplicable y casos reales en los que se hayan implantado exoesqueletos en
empresas, ya que desde la perspectiva de la prevención de riesgos laborales hay que
permanecer en constante actualización y las nuevas tecnologías han venido para quedarse
Estrategias de detección y medidas preventivas del síndrome de burnout en profesionales sanitarios que realizan guardias de 24 horas en un hospital de segundo nivel
Get PDFEl síndrome de burnout o síndrome de estar quemado por el trabajo se caracteriza por agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal. Se trata de una entidad que afecta fundamentalmente a profesionales sanitarios y que se asocia con jornadas laborales largas y falta de descanso adecuado. El objetivo fundamental del estudio fue analizar el grado de burnout entre profesionales que realizan guardias de 24 horas. Como objetivos secundarios, se evaluó la existencia de relación con factores epidemiológicos como edad o sexo, así como condiciones laborales como años de servicio y número de guardias. Además, se propuso a los participantes proponer medidas que consideraban beneficiosas para prevenir el burnout. Para ello se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Mediante la escala MBI-HSS se evaluaron las tres dimensiones del burnout en profesionales sanitarios. Los datos se recogieron mediante un cuestionario digital autocumplimentado por los participantes. En nuestro estudio, el 15% de los participantes presentaron puntuaciones elevadas en las tres dimensiones del síndrome de burnout. El síntoma más frecuente fue el agotamiento emocional, el cual fue más frecuente en mujeres y en profesionales con menos de 5 años de servicio. Las principales medidas preventivas sugeridas fueron la mejora de los descansos y la reducción de la duración de las guardias, junto con una mejora salarial y formación en gestión emocional.Burnout syndrome, or being "burned out" from work, is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. It is a condition that primarily affects healthcare professionals and is associated with long working hours and inadequate rest. The main objective of the study was to analyze the level of burnout among professionals who perform 24-hour shifts. Secondary objectives included evaluating the existence of a relationship with epidemiological factors such as age or gender, as well as work conditions like years of service and number of shifts. Additionally, participants were asked to propose measures they considered beneficial for preventing burnout. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The MBI-HSS scale was used to assess the three dimensions of burnout in healthcare professionals. Data was collected through a self-administered digital questionnaire completed by the participants. In our study, 15% of the participants had high scores in all three dimensions of burnout syndrome. The most frequent symptom was emotional exhaustion, which was more common in women and professionals with less than 5 years of service. The main preventive measures suggested were improving rest periods, reducing the duration of shifts, improving salaries, and providing training in emotional management
Juego en Trastorno del Espectro Autista: Guía Informativa.
Get PDFIntroducción: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es considerado un trastorno del neurodesarrollo, que se caracteriza por dificultades de comunicación, intereses restringidos, comportamientos repetitivos y dificultades en la interacción social. Una de las intervenciones más utilizadas en TEA, es la intervención basada en el juego, el cual sirve como un medio esencial para la interacción entre padres e hijos, sin embargo, estudios previos han mostrado que los padres y madres perciben como un desafío involucrar a los niños y niñas con TEA en el juego. Objetivo: Dotar a madres, padres y familiares de niños y niñas con TEA de conocimientos sobre diferentes juegos y cómo graduarlos para fomentar el desarrollo de este colectivo.
Métodos y materiales: Guía informativa dirigida a familias de niños y niñas con diagnóstico de TEA, enfocada en facilitar y fomentar el juego dentro del entorno familiar. Ha sido elaborada por Bárbara Medina Martínez, Laura Torres Collado y Laura María Compañ Gabucio. La información, que se incluye se ha redactado en base a literatura científica ya existente. El diseño es de acceso libre y propio.
Estrategia de difusión: Con el objetivo de llegar a la mayor cantidad de familias posible, se pretende difundir esta guía haciendo uso de los recursos para el alumnado propios de la Universidad Miguel Hernández, las redes sociales, asociaciones relacionadas con el colectivo y la presentación en congresos relacionados con la Terapia Ocupacional.Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication difficulties, restricted interests, repetitive behaviors, and challenges in social interaction. One of the most commonly used interventions for ASD is play-based intervention, which serves as an essential medium for parent-child interaction. However, previous studies have shown that parents perceive involving children with ASD in play as a challenge.
Objective: To provide parents and relatives of children with ASD with knowledge about different games and how to adapt them to foster the development of this group.
Methods and Materials: An informative guide aimed at families of children diagnosed with ASD, focused on facilitating and encouraging play within the family environment. It has been prepared by Bárbara Medina Martínez, Laura Torres Collado, and Laura María Compañ Gabucio. The included information is based on existing scientific literature. The design is proprietary and freely accessible.
Dissemination Strategy: To reach as many families as possible, this guide aims to be distributed through resources for students at Miguel Hernández University, social networks, associations related to the group, and presentations at congresses related to Occupational Therapy
Optochemical modulation of corneal cold nerve terminal impulse activity with a photochromic ion channel blocker
Get PDFBackground and Purpose: The functional organization of corneal cold nerve endings, critical structures in maintaining the ocular surface, remains poorly understood. Here, the photoisomerizable small-molecule diethylamine-azobenzene-quaternary ammonium (DENAQ) was used to photomodulate activity of cold-sensing nerve terminals in control and chronic tear-deficient corneas. Furthermore, DENAQ was used for in vivo photochemical regulation of the thermally induced blink reflex.
Experimental Approach: Extracellular nerve terminal impulse activity was recorded on cold terminals in excised corneas of naïve and tear-deficient guinea pigs preincubated with DENAQ. Pulses of light at a wavelength of 460 nm were delivered to the perfused corneas. The thermally induced blink reflex was assessed using orbicularis oculi electromyography in anaesthetised rats after topical administration of DENAQ to the eye under blue light and darkness conditions.
Key Results: Exposure to blue light robustly reduced spontaneous activity of both naïve and tear-deficient cold nerve terminals pre-incubated with DENAQ, while coldevoked responses remained unaffected. Pre-incubation of excised corneas with DENAQ, along with pharmacological P2X receptor antagonists, prevented the
DENAQ-mediated photoreduction of the cold nerve terminal spontaneous activity. In addition, blue light increased cold-evoked reflex blink in eyes pre-treated with DENAQ.
Conclusion and Implications: DENAQ enters guinea pig cold sensory nerve endings primarily through P2X channels in excised corneas. Subsequently, DENAQ decreases the spontaneous nerve terminal impulse activity upon light irradiation by modulating voltage-gated potassium (KV) channel activity. Furthermore, the cold-evoked blink reflex is modulated by light in DENAQ-treated eyes. Chemical photoswitches like DENAQ might be potential new treatments for ocular discomfort and pain in dry eye disease
Desarrollo de un videojuego de realidad virtual basado en Puzle Boxes
Get PDFLos Puzzle Boxes, como su nombre indica, son cajas normalmente de madera
con patrones intricados que solo pueden ser abiertas resolviendo un puzle. Estos
puzles pueden variar en complejidad, yendo desde algo simple como pulsar un
botón oculto hasta algo complejo como la obtención de herramientas ocultas
dentro de la caja, y su uso para la apertura de esta. Este proyecto se enfoca en
el desarrollo de un videojuego en Realidad Virtual (RV) con la capacidad de
crear, compartir y jugar niveles de Puzzle Boxes personalizados.
El estudio inicial de videojuegos y herramientas de desarrollo relacionadas
permite definir un marco de trabajo para crear un prototipo funcional de un
videojuego de Realidad Virtual que permita jugar y distribuir puzles creados por
los usuarios mediante un apartado de comunidad con un sistema de valoraciones
y comentarios. El editor usado para crear los puzles será personalizable, así que
se ajustará la colocación de los bloques de manera más precisa dependiendo de
las necesidades del usuario.
La implementación está dividida en dos partes: un videojuego de RV y un
conjunto de servicios web que proporcionan acceso a la base de datos
compartida que aloja información de la comunidad. Para el desarrollo del
videojuego se explora y hace uso de las funcionalidades de Unreal Engine (UE)
que permiten: el diseño y la interacción de interfaces, la implementación de un
editor de puzles, y la interacción con objetos virtuales. Para la base de datos se
usa MySQL y el servidor utiliza tecnología ASP.NET Core Web API. En cuanto
al servidor se usa una plantilla de Visual Studio (VS) modificada y dividida en
controladores y repositorios, añadiendo también la conexión con la base de datos
y la autenticación mediante JWT.
Se ha podido desplegar el prototipo elaborado en un entorno de desarrollo local
por medio de un casco Valve Index, lo que ha permitido realizar diversas pruebas
con usuarios a lo largo del desarrollo que han llevado a mejoras tanto en la
experiencia de usuario como en los aspectos visuales del juego
Farmer perceptions of the vulnerabilities of traditional livestock farming systems under global change
Get PDFThe continuity of traditional extensive livestock farming is being challenged by rapid socioeconomic and environmental changes, threatening livelihoods and ecosystem services critical to food security and sustainability. We conducted a large-scale assessment involving 255 livestock farmers across six extensive
livestock farming systems in Spain to understand their perceptions of vulnerabilities. Using the Coupled
Infrastructure Systems framework, we identified 24 different vulnerabilities, mainly caused by external
socioeconomic and biophysical disturbances, such as resource costs, low profitability of livestock products,
climate variability, and conflicts with wildlife. The main factors explaining these vulnerabilities were primary
productivity, farm location, presence of large predators, and climatic conditions. The findings highlight the complex interplay of these factors and provide important insights for the maintenance of extensive livestock farming systems in Europe. This information is crucial for informing policy decisions aimed at supporting these farming systems and ensuring their contribution to food security, sustainability and biodiversity conservation
Reconocimiento de la incapacidad permanente de enfermedades emergentes: el caso de los trastornos mentales
Get PDFEn el siguiente trabajo se va a analizar el reconocimiento de la incapacidad permanente derivada de trastornos mentales en el ámbito laboral, enmarcados como enfermedades emergentes. Mediante un estudio teórico, jurídico y practico, se revisa el tratamiento normativo de la incapacidad, los criterios utilizados por el INSS, y la interpretación que realizan los tribunales en sentencias recientes. Se atiende especialmente a las dificultades de valoración objetiva de las enfermedades psíquicas, el estigma institucional y la necesidad de incorporar herramientas específicas que permitan evaluar el impacto funcional real de estas patologías. El trabajo concluye con un caso práctico simulado que integra los distintos enfoques, y propone recomendaciones orientadas a una mayor equidad en la protección social de los trabajadores afectados por enfermedades mentales. This final paper examines the recognition of permanent disability resulting from mental health disorders in the workplace, considered as a category of emerging diseases. It provides a theoretical, legal and practical review of the current regulations, the assessment criteria used by the Spanish Social Security system (INSS), and how recent court rulings are interpreting such cases. Special attention is given to the difficulties in objectively evaluating psychological conditions, the persistent stigma around mental illness, and with a simulated practical case and offers several recommendations aimed at improving equity in the social protection of workers affected by mental disorders
Predictors of ultra-processed foods consumption in 4-year-old Spanish children
Get PDFUltra-processed foods (UPF) consumption has increased in recent decades, contributing to poor diet quality and certain health problems in early childhood. This study aimed to evaluate UPF consumption in 4-year-old children and determine maternal and child sociodemographic and lifestyle predictors of UPF consumption. We analysed data for 1736 mother-child pairs from the INfancia y Medio Ambiente birth cohort study. Children's diets were parent-reported using validated food frequency questionnaires from which UPF consumption was calculated according to the NOVA classification. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics and child UPF consumption in tertiles (low, intermediate, high). The mean (SD) daily UPF consumption was 414.6 (240.2)g/day, accounting for 32.8 % of the total daily intake. The main sources of UPF consumption were ultra-processed dairy products (44.3 %), ultra-processed beverages (17.8 %) and sweet foods (16.5 %). A higher maternal UPF consumption during pregnancy [RRRmedium = 1.68 (95 %CI 1.23-2.30) and RRRhigh = 2.86 (95 %CI: 2.02-4.04)] and child television viewing [RRR>1.5 h/day = 1.65 (95 %CI: 1.21-2.25)] were positively associated with a higher child UPF consumption, whereas maternal age≥30 years was associated with reduced UPF consumption [RRR = 0.71 (95 %CI: 0.54-0.94)]. These associations remained similar when stratified by sex, although maternal age effect was not significant in sex-specific models. Medium and high UPF consumption of mothers during pregnancy, younger age at pregnancy, and more television viewing in children were associated with higher UPF consumption at age 4. The identification of factors associated with child UPF consumption could support the development of health promotion strategies aimed at reducing UPF consumption in children
Dark Tetrad Personality Traits: An Analysis by Gender in Aggressors and Victims of School Bullying
Get PDFThe present study was designed with the purpose of contributing to the existing scientific literature about the presence
of Dark Tetrad personality traits—Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism—in aggressors and victims of
school bullying, also taking into account the possible gender differences in both roles. The results, obtained by means of the
Two-Way Multivariate Analysis of Variance, with a sample of participants made up of 2977 adolescents and aged between
11 and 17, indicated that adolescents with a higher participation in bullying behaviors and those that are highly victimized,
obtained higher scores in the four Dark Tetrad traits. By gender, boys displayed higher scores in sadism, both in the bullying
and victimization model. In addition, two interactions between victimization and gender were identified: Victimization was
associated with higher comparative levels of Machiavellianism and narcissism in boys than in girls. These results suggest the
need to include the study of these components of personality and gender in the understanding, prevention, and intervention
in school bullying situations among adolescents
Spatial and Multivariate Analysis of Groundwater Hydrochemistry in the Solana Aquifer, SE Spain
Get PDFThe Solana aquifer is located in the South-East of the Iberian Peninsula and forms part
of the Villena-Benejama groundwater body. It is a limestone and dolomite aquifer that
has historically been considered overexploited due to intensive agriculture and urban use.
Despite this, the quality of the water has remained stable over time. This study analyses the
spatial and temporal variability within the aquifer and identifies the controlling processes.
Chemical analyses were conducted on samples taken from 26 wells in July 2024 and
February 2025. The results reveal a predominant calcium carbonate facies with minimal
seasonal variation. However, sulphate-chloride water was found in the South-Western
sector, which is associated with the dissolution of evaporitic materials from the Triassic
Keuper. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)
identified two processes: a salinity gradient linked to lithology, and a second process
related to bicarbonates and nitrates, indicating potential nitrate inputs in the eastern half of
the aquifer. HCA differentiates four clusters: one highly mineralised group located in the
south-western sector near Triassic outcrops, two intermediate groups with slight differences
in composition and distribution, and a fourth group with the lowest mineralisation located
on the Southern flank of the Solana range