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Fossil or Non-Fossil: A Case Study in the Archaeological Wheat Triticum parvicoccum (Poaceae: Triticeae)
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: The archaeobotanical taxon “Triticum parvicoccum” was
first described in 1980 as a small-grained, naked, free-threshing, and dense ear tetraploid
wheat species (2n = 4x = 28) identified from archaeological remains. This primitive
tetraploid, cultivated in the Levant approximately 9000 years ago and subsequently dispersed
throughout the Fertile Crescent, represents a potential contributor of the BBAA
genomes to T. aestivum. This study aims to resolve the complex nomenclatural status of this
taxon, which has remained ambiguous due to competing interpretations under fossil and
non-fossil taxonomic regulations. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive nomenclatural
review to evaluate the taxonomic validity of T. parvicoccum, analyzing previous research
on the classification of archaeobotanical materials in relation to fossil status. Results: Our
analysis demonstrated that archaeobotanical materials do not qualify as fossils and led to
the validation of the taxon at a subspecific rank as a non-fossil entity: T. turgidum subsp.
parvicoccum Kislev. subsp. nov. The holotype was established using a charred rachis fragment
from Timnah (Tel Batash), an archaeological site on the inner Coastal Plain (Shfela)
adjacent to the western piedmont of the Judean Mountains, Israel. Conclusions: This study
resolves the longstanding nomenclatural uncertainty surrounding this archaeologically
significant wheat taxon, providing a valid taxonomic designation that reflects its biological
and historical importance while adhering to current botanical nomenclature standards
Respuesta de Streptococcus mutans ante diversas aminas bicíclicas
Get PDFStreptococcus mutans es la principal bacteria causante de los procesos cariogénicos en la cavidad bucal debido a su capacidad de colonizar el esmalte y contribuir a la formación de la placa dental (un biofilm originado por diversas especies bacterianas). La placa dental protege a S. mutans del ambiente que lo rodea, por lo que la viabilidad celular se ve aumentada. En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se ha hecho uso de protocolos de formación in vitro de biofilm y tinción de este, de manera que sea posible estudiar la capacidad de diversas aminas bicíclicas para inhibir in vitro la formación de biofilms de S. mutans. A su vez, se evaluó la combinación de promazina, una bicíclica que afecta a S. mutans con el antibiótico estreptomicina para realizar pruebas de sinergia, de manera que posteriormente se puedan realizar pruebas en modelos in vivo para poder usar dichas moléculas como agentes de higiene bucodental. Streptococcus mutans is the main bacterium that causes cariogenic processes in the oral cavity due to its ability to colonize enamel and contribute to the formation of dental plaque (a biofilm caused by various bacterial species). Dental plaque protects S. mutans from its surrounding environment, thereby increasing cell viability. This thesis uses in vitro biofilm formation and staining protocols to study the ability of several bicyclic amines to inhibit S. mutans biofilms formation in vitro. In turn, the combination of promazine, a bicyclic amine that affects S. mutans with the antibiotic streptomycin was evaluated to perform synergy test, enabling subsequent testing in in vivo models to use those molecules as oral hygiene agents
Análisis de la eficiencia de tofersen en el tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica en España: un estudio de coste-utilidad.
Get PDFIntroducción: La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa que afecta a 5000 personas en España. La esperanza de vida oscila entre los 2 y 5 años y actualmente no se dispone de ningún tratamiento eficaz. La mutación de SOD1 afecta a un 2% de estos pacientes, siendo una diana para el tofersen, un nuevo fármaco para la ELA que fue aprobado recientemente por la FDA y la EMA. Este estudio trata de analizar la eficiencia del tofersen en España.
Metodología: Los datos de eficacia y seguridad del tofersen se obtuvieron a partir de la literatura científica disponible. Asimismo, se recopilaron datos sobre costes directos (sanitarios y no sanitarios) y calidad de vida a partir de estudios transversales realizados en España. Con esta información, se diseñó un modelo farmacoeconómico basado en la variable principal del ensayo clínico (la puntuación en la escala ALSFRS-R) para comparar el grupo placebo con el grupo tratado con tofersen. Los resultados fueron extrapolados a un horizonte temporal de un año, calculando los costes y la utilidad en ambos grupos. Posteriormente, se estimó la relación incremental de estos parámetros y se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para evaluar la robustez de los resultados.
Resultados: La coste-utilidad del tofersen en España supone una cifra de 4.543.884,17€ por AVAC ganado. Una cifra muy superior al umbral de coste-efectividad comúnmente aceptado en España (21.000 € por AVAC).
Conclusión: Con base en los umbrales normalmente aceptados para la financiación de medicamentos en España, el tofersen no es costo-efectivo. Esto es debido a la limitada eficacia demostrada en los ensayos clínicos y al elevado coste del fármaco. Se necesitan más estudios para poder comparar estos hallazgos.Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 5,000 people in Spain. Life expectancy ranges from 2 to 5 years, and there is currently no effective treatment. The SOD1 mutation affects 2% of these patients, making it a target for tofersen, a new drug recently approved by the FDA and EMA. This study aims to analyze the cost-utility of tofersen in Spain.
Methodology: Efficacy and safety data for tofersen were obtained from the available scientific literature. Additionally, data on direct costs (both healthcare and non-healthcare) and quality of life were collected from cross-sectional studies conducted in Spain. Using this information, a pharmacoeconomic model was developed based on the primary endpoint of the clinical trial (ALSFRS-R score) to compare the placebo group with the tofersen-treated group. The results were extrapolated over a one-year time horizon, calculating costs and utility in both groups. An incremental cost-utility ratio was then estimated, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the results.
Results: The cost-utility of tofersen in Spain is €4,543,884.17 per QALY gained, a figure significantly higher than the commonly accepted cost-effectiveness threshold in Spain (€21,000 per QALY).
Conclusion: Based on the commonly accepted thresholds for drug reimbursement in Spain, tofersen is not cost-effective. This is due to the limited efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials and the high cost of the drug. Further studies are needed to validate these findings
Tuning Charge-Separated State Lifetimes in Perovskite Nanocrystal-Perylenediimide Hybrids
Get PDFTo surface engineer CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), the use of functional perylenediimides (PDIs) featuring carboxylic acids of different spacer lengths afforded hybrid materials such as NC@PDI-Ph (phenyl spacer) and
NC@PDI-PhPr (phenylpropyl spacer). Properties that are not seen by the individual components, are investigated by an arsenal of steady-state and time-resolved techniques. These ranged from hotoluminescence (PL) to ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) combined with global target analyses. Herein, charge separation from NCs to the electron-accepting PDIs upon photoexcitation of either the NC or PDI unities is evidenced. Remarkable is not only the lifetime of the charge carriers, which is on the time scale of
microseconds, that is, 34 and 63 μs for NC@PDI-Ph and NC@PDI-PhPr, respectively, but also the control over their lifetimes through tuning phenylversus phenylpropyl-spacer length. These findings are of relevance to solar
energy conversion, in general, and perovskite-based devices, in particular
La Planificación de una Postproducción de bajo y mediano presupuesto
Get PDFPara que un proyecto termine su fase final, la postproducción, se necesita haberla previsto desde antes de empezar la grabación, de tal manera en que se sepa exactamente qué pasos seguir, que roles estarán implicados en el proceso, que editor se va a usar, el orden de las diferentes exportaciones, que errores hubieron durante la grabación, que tratamiento necesita cada escena en función de cómo se grabó, que efectos especiales se necesitan para cada escena, como se van a manejar los archivos y las copias de seguridad, etc.
Todos los detalles que implican al proceso de postproducción, que, a su vez, implican a todas las demás etapas de la producción de una pieza audiovisual, como lo son también la preproducción y el rodaje en si mismo. A su vez el presupuesto que implican todas las fases que tiene un proyecto, pues a medida que podamos destinar recursos a cada detalle, veremos como se abren las posibilidades o como se necesitará adaptarse, ya sea reduciendo la complejidad de la escena, o siendo creativo
El estudio trata entonces de recopilar todo lo necesario para tener una postproducción controlada y planificada, sin dejar ningún aspecto relevante fuera de la ecuación, de tal modo que se ha podido concluir la relevancia de este proceso y como es necesario saber adaptarse y estudiar a fondo las necesidades de cada proyecto y lo más importante, lo necesario que es dividirse el trabajo y delegar tareas.For a project to complete its final phase, post-production, it must be planned before filming begins. This way, you know exactly what steps to follow, what roles will be involved in the process, which editor will be used, the order of the different exports, what errors occurred during filming, what treatment each scene needs depending on how it was shot, what special effects are needed for each scene, how files and backups will be handled, etc.
All the details involved in the post-production process, which, in turn, affect all the other stages of the production of an audiovisual piece, such as pre-production and filming itself. At the same time, the budget involved in all the phases of a project, because as we can allocate resources to each detail, we will see how the possibilities open up or how adaptations will need to be made, either by reducing the complexity of the scene or by being creative.
The study then tries to compile everything necessary to have a controlled and planned post-production, without leaving any relevant aspect out of the equation. In this way, it has been possible to conclude the relevance of this process and how it is necessary to know how to adapt and thoroughly study the needs of each project and, most importantly, how necessary it is to divide the work and delegate tasks
Menores desaparecidos y tratamiento mediático: entre la atención social y el silencio informativo.
Get PDFEste Trabajo Fin de Grado analiza por qué algunas desapariciones de menores reciben
gran atención mediática, mientras que otras pasan prácticamente desapercibidas. El
estudio se estructura en tres grandes bloques, concebidos como eslabones de una
cadena que intervienen en un proceso de desaparición de un menor y que determinan la
visibilidad del caso. En primer lugar, se desarrolla un marco teórico que examina los
factores legales, protocolarios, mediáticos y sociales implicados. En segundo lugar, estos
marcos se aplican al análisis de tres desapariciones reales —Yeremi Vargas, Marta del
Castillo y Caroline del Valle—, analizando cómo se activaron los protocolos de búsqueda,
el contexto legal y social que rodeó cada caso y las circunstancias que condicionaron su
repercusión mediática. El tercer bloque se dedica al análisis informativo, combinando
enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos para evaluar el volumen, la frecuencia y el tipo de
cobertura que recibieron estos casos en los medios. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto
la existencia de patrones narrativos, sesgos informativos y desigualdades estructurales
que influyen en qué desapariciones se convierten en fenómenos mediáticos.This Final Degree Project examines why some cases of missing minors receive significant
media attention, while others go practically unnoticed. The study is structured in three
main blocks, conceived as links in a chain that are involved in the process of a minor’s
disappearance and that determine the case’s visibility. First, a theoretical framework is
developed that analyzes the legal, procedural, media, and social factors involved. Second,
these frameworks are applied to the study of three real-life disappearances—Yeremi
Vargas, Marta del Castillo, and Caroline del Valle—analyzing how search protocols were
activated, the legal and social context surrounding each case, and the circumstances that
shaped their media impact. The third block focuses on media analysis, combining
quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess the volume, frequency, and type of
coverage these cases received in the media. The results highlight the existence of
narrative patterns, media biases, and structural inequalities that influence which
disappearances become media phenomena
Exploring Ultrasound and Microwave-Assisted Accelerated Aging of Jerez Vinegar: Impacts on Phenolic, Volatile, Colorimetric, and Sensory Properties
Get PDFJerez vinegar is a high-quality wine vinegar produced in the Vinagre de Jerez denomination
of origin (Spain) and is traditionally aged in wood barrels for over 10 years. Considering
the long aging process, a practical technique to accelerate the aging process was simulated.
This study aimed to evaluate ultrasound and microwave treatments as alternative aging
methods for fresh Jerez vinegars with oak chips, and to investigate their effects on phenolic
content, volatile compounds, and colorimetric and sensory properties. Fresh control
samples with oak chips were treated using ultrasound (US) in an ultrasonic bath three
times: 0.5 h (US1), 2 h (US2), and 10 h (US3). Microwave (MW) treatments were performed
using a domestic microwave oven with three power/time combinations: 640 W for 10 min
(MW1), 640 W for 20 min (MW2), and 800 W for 10 min (MW3). Compared with the fresh
control (4230 µg/kg), US- and MW-treated samples showed a significant reduction in total
phenolic content, decreasing to 3943 µg/kg in the US1 sample and to 3988 µg/kg in the
MW2 treatment. Moreover, volatile substances significantly decreased from 1019 mg/L
in the fresh control to 623 mg/L in the US3 treatment and 716 mg/L in the MW1 sample.
Regarding sensory properties, US3 and MW1 treatments exhibited marked distinctions in
certain odor and flavor attributes when compared with the fresh control. As a result, both
techniques modified the phenolic, volatile and sensory profiles. Further research is needed
to fully mimic the aging process, but US has proven to be a promising technique
Más allá del paseo aleatorio: capacidad predictiva del análisis técnico y sus implicaciones para la eficiencia del mercado
Get PDFEl análisis técnico es una disciplina muy utilizada para intentar conseguir rentabilidades extraordinarias en las inversiones en renta variable, lo que va en contra de la Hipótesis de los Mercados Eficientes y el paseo aleatorio. El fin de este trabajo es analizar, desde una perspectiva académica, la evidencia empírica sobre la capacidad predictiva del análisis técnico y algunos de sus indicadores. Para lograr este fin, se han enlazado las finanzas conductuales con los indicadores para comprender porque pueden funcionar y se ha realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura, clasificando, analizando, sintetizando los resultados y comentando aspectos clave de cada uno de los indicadores. Utilizando como muestra estudios que investigan la capacidad predictiva de los indicadores por si solos en diferentes mercados. Los hallazgos principales muestran que los indicadores de tendencia son herramientas muy robustas y consistentes. Por su parte, los indicadores osciladores muestran evidencia a su favor, pero son dependientes de la optimización al mercado. Respecto al indicador de volatilidad, este presenta abundante evidencia a su favor, pero su poder predictivo depende de las condiciones de mercado. Y sobre el volumen junto a los sesgos cognitivos, observamos que son aspectos clave para la toma de decisiones del inversor. Se concluye, que es posible superar los rendimientos del mercado con el uso del análisis técnico, contradiciendo así la forma débil de la Hipótesis de los Mercados Eficientes.Technical analysis is a widely used discipline to try to achieve extraordinary returns in equity investments, which goes against the Efficient Market Hypothesis and the random walk. The aim of this work is to analyze, from an academic perspective, the empirical evidence on the predictive ability of technical analysis and some of its indicators. To achieve this aim, behavioral finance has been linked with the indicators to understand why they can work and a systematic literature review has been performed, classifying, analyzing, synthesizing the results and commenting on key aspects of each of the indicators. Using as a sample studies that investigate the predictive ability of the indicators by themselves in different markets. The main findings show that trend indicators are very robust and consistent tools. For their part, oscillator indicators show evidence in their favor, but they are dependent on optimization for the market. Regarding the volatility indicator, it presents abundant evidence in its favor, but it depends on market conditions. And regarding volume along with cognitive biases, we observe that they are key aspects for investor decision-making. It is concluded, that it is possible to outperform the market returns with the use of technical analysis, thus contradicting the weak form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis
La Fiesta de la Luz de La Seu de Mallorca.
Get PDFEste proyecto se materializa en un reportaje radiofónico dividido en tres episodios, que tiene como objeto de estudio la Fiesta de la Luz, un fenómeno lumínico que se manifiesta dos veces al año en el interior de la Catedral de Mallorca, también conocida como La Seu. Este suceso ocurre cada 2 de febrero y 11 de noviembre, cuando el sol, a través del rosetón mayor del ábside, proyecta su luz de forma que se superpone con el rosetón de la fachada opuesta, formando fugazmente la figura del ocho. La investigación se estructura a partir de entrevistas propias a expertos y responsables de diferentes áreas vinculadas a la Catedral: arte, arquitectura, documentación y gestión cultural. Entre las voces destacan miembros del Cabildo, académicos de la Universitat de les Illes Balears y técnicos encargados del archivo y la conservación. Esta variedad de fuentes permite construir una narrativa múltiple que transita desde la precisión astronómica y la herencia arquitectónica hasta el impacto emocional y social de quienes presencian el fenómeno. El reportaje también recupera las impresiones del público mediante un vox populi grabado durante la celebración de febrero. El resultado final es un producto sonoro que pretende no solo documentar, sino también emocionar y transmitir el valor simbólico de este acontecimiento. Este proyecto busca reivindicar la función del periodismo cultural como herramienta de interpretación y divulgación del patrimonio. La Catedral de Mallorca, a través de la luz que la atraviesa, ofrece una oportunidad única de encuentro entre el pasado y el presente, entre la espiritualidad y la razón.This project takes the form of a radio documentary divided into three episodes. It focuses on the Festival of Light, a light phenomenon that occurs twice a year inside the Cathedral of Mallorca, also known as La Seu. This event takes place on February 2 and November 11, when the sun shines through the large rose window on the eastern wall, projecting its light so that it briefly overlaps with the rose window on the opposite facade, forming the shape of an eight.
The research is based on original interviews with experts and officials from various areas connected to the Cathedral, including art, architecture, documentation, and cultural management. Among the voices featured are members of the Cathedral Chapter, academics from the University of the Balearic Islands, and technical staff responsible for archival preservation. This diversity of sources allows for a rich and multifaceted narrative, bridging astronomical precision and architectural heritage with the emotional and social impact of the event.
The report also incorporates audience impressions through a vox populi recorded during the February celebration. The final result is a sound-based product that seeks not only to document the event, but also to move and convey its symbolic value.
This project aims to highlight the role of cultural journalism as a tool for interpreting and disseminating heritage. The Cathedral of Mallorca, through the light that passes through it, offers a unique opportunity for connection between past and present, between spirituality and reason
Epidemiology of aquaporin-4 seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in the Alicante health area, Spain: A population-based study
Get PDFNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an uncommon antibody-mediated inflammatory
disease. The prevalence and incidence of NMOSD vary widely between geographical areas and ethnicities.
To date, the only epidemiological study on NMOSD conducted in Spain has estimated an incidence rate of 0.63
per 1,000,000 person-years and a prevalence rate of 0.89 per 100,000 individuals in the general population. This
population-based study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-seropositive
NMOSD in the Alicante Health Area, Southeastern Spain, according to the 2015 International Panel for NMO
Diagnosis (IPND) criteria and to investigate potential clinical and epidemiological differences that may exist in
Spain in relation to NMOSD.
Methods: In this retrospective population-based study, all patients diagnosed with AQP4-seropositive NMOSD
according to the 2015 IPND criteria were identified using multiple sources. Seropositivity for AQP4 was
confirmed in all cases using a cell-based assay. Two neurologists assessed the compliance with the 2015 IPND
criteria. Clinical, imaging and laboratory data were obtained from medical records. The prevalence and incidence of AQP4-seropositive NMOSD were calculated using the Population Information System (SIP) data from the Alicante Health Area. The incidence rate covers January 2013–January 2023. The 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the prevalence and incidence rates using Epidat software. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by the direct method of standardisation using Eurostat’s European Standard Population in 2013 (ESP
2013) and the World Health Organization’s World Standard Population expected in 2000–2025 (WHO
2000–2025) as reference populations.
Results: Nine AQP4-seropositive NMOSD patients were identified in the Alicante Health Area. All patients except for one were Caucasian. The female-to-male ratio was 8:1, and the median age at onset was 39 years (range: 21–77 years). Most common clinical presentation was optic neuritis (five patients), followed by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (three patients) and postrema area syndrome (one patient). At the time of the study, all patients were being treated with chronic immunosuppressant treatment: tocilizumab (5/9 patients) and rituximab (4/9 patients). The overall prevalence rate was 3.11 (95 % CI: 1.42–5.91) per 100,000 individuals, while the overall annual incidence rate was 1.78 (95 % CI: 0.58–4.15) per million individuals. The age-standardised prevalence rate (using ESP 2013) was 3.09 (95 % CI: 0.62–8.77) per 100,000 individuals, and the annual incidence rate was 1.74 (95 % CI: 0.70–3.61) per million individuals. In addition, the age-standardised prevalence rate to the WHO 2000–2025 was 2.56 (95 % CI: 0.81–5.83) per 100,000 individuals, and the annual incidence rate was 1.66 (95 % CI: 0.54–3.89) per million individuals