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Methyl jasmonate fumigation enhances cropyield and delays physiochemical quality changes by modulating the secondary metabolism in green bell pepper
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), of the ‘Lamuyo’ type, is a highly valued vegetable owing to itsexcellent organoleptic and nutritional properties. However, these properties are subject to deterioration during postharveststorage, which in turn limits the shelf-life of the pepper fruit. The present study examined the impact of preharvest treatmentwith 0.1 and 1.0 mmol L−1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) administered via foliar spraying on crop yield and both physiochemicaland functional fruit quality at harvest and throughout a 28-day postharvest storage period at 7 °C.RESULTS: The study was conducted over two seasons (2020 and 2021) on green pepper fruit. The findings indicated that theapplication of MeJA had a favourable impact on crop yield in both growing seasons. Additionally, the treated peppers showeda 1.17-fold reduction in weight loss and respiration rate, accompanied by augmented firmness, hue angle values, total solublesolids and total acidity in comparison to the controls. Applying 0.1 mmol L−1 MeJA was found to be the most effective way ofmaintaining quality at harvest and during postharvest storage over two consecutive seasons. Furthermore, MeJA treatmentsincreased the levels of the antioxidant system by stimulating the activities of ascorbate peroxidase, catalase and peroxidaseenzymes, as well as increasing the phenolic content and the total antioxidant activity. This could lead to an enhancement ofthe health benefits after the consumption of these treated peppers.CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that the most efficacious concentration for enhancing yield and quality parameters bystimulating the secondary metabolism of peppers was 0.1 mmol L−1 , a finding that was corroborated in the second season of2021. The effects of MeJA on green pepper fruit may have significant commercial implications, as it has the potential to enhancequality at harvest and maintain it during postharvest storage. This may result in a delay in the onset of quality losses and theoxidative stress associated with fruit senescence, thereby extending the shelf-life of the fruit after prolonged storage at optimaltemperature
Recovery of an additive for pork meat from Pleurotus ostreatus grown in agro-industrial wastes
Get PDFIn recent years, there has been growing interest in using agro-industrial by-products to produce edible mushrooms and recovering functional food ingredients from them.This study aimed to evaluate the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in different agro-industrial wastes (wheat straw partially replaced with spent coffee grounds and potato peel) and its potential as an additive to increase the oxidative stability of a meat product subjected to thermal-treatment and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The mushroom aqueous extract was subjected to polyphenol content and antioxidant activity assays. In addition, pork meat homogenates were antioxidant treated (mushroom extract and synthetic antioxidant), stored (65 °C for 120 min), and subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion for oxidative stability evaluation. Results demons-trated that the type of substrate used to produce P. ostreatusaffects (p < 0.05) the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. Incorporating the extract of P. ostreatus cultivated with agro-industrial waste reduced (p < 0.05) changes in pH values, lipid oxidation, and color of meat samples. The meat samples’ tannins, phenols, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid con-tents, antiradical activity, and reducing power increased (p < 0.05) duringgastrointestinal digestion. P. ostreatus can be considered a novel additive for the meat industry.Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el contenido de polifenoles y la actividad antioxidante de Pleurotus ostreatus cultivado en diferentes residuos agroindustriales (paja de trigo parcialmente reemplazada por granos de café gastados y cáscara de papa) y su potencial como aditivo para aumentar la estabilidad oxidativa de un producto cárnico sometido a tratamiento térmico y digestión gastrointestinal in vitro. Los compuestos bioactivos se obtuvieron a partir de la harina de hongo seco mediante ultrasonido, utilizando agua como disolvente de extracción. El extracto fue sometido a evaluación del contenido de polifenoles y actividad antioxidante. Además, los homogenizados de carne de cerdo se trataron con antioxidantes (extracto de hongo y antioxidante sintético), se almacenaron (65 °C durante 120 min) y se sometieron a digestión gastrointestinal in vitro para evaluar la estabilidad oxidativa. Los resultados demostraron que el tipo de sustrato utilizado para producir P. ostreatus afectó (p < 0.05) el contenido de polifenoles y la actividad antioxidante. Además, la incorporación del extracto acuoso de P. ostreatus cultivado con residuos agroindustriales redujo (p < 0.05) los cambios en los valores de pH, oxidación de lípidos y color de las muestras de carne. Mientras que, la presencia de compuestos fenólicos (taninos, fenoles, flavonoides y ácido clorogénico) y la actividad antioxidante (actividad antirradicalaria y poder reductor) aumentaron (p < 0.05) en las muestras de carne durante la digestión gastrointestinal in vitro. P. ostreatus puede considerarse un aditivo novedoso para la industria cárnica
Kappa free light chain index as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis
Get PDFBackground The proposed 2024 McDonald criteria incorporate the kappa free light chain (KFLC) index as an additional
biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis. Emerging evidence suggests that a high KFLC index may relate to worse outcomes
in people with MS (pwMS). This study had two main objectives: to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the KFLC
index against the 2017 and proposed 2024 clinico-radiological McDonald criteria, and to explore its prognostic significance.
Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of adults with a first episode suggestive of MS (2019–2024). All underwent
lumbar puncture with simultaneous determination of the KFLC index and oligoclonal bands (OCB).
Results Among 150 participants, OCB showed sensitivities of 85.9% (2017) and 86.6% (2024) with specificities of 79.7%
and 81.9%. A KFLC index cut-off of 12.0 yielded sensitivities of 87.5% (2017) and 88.1% (2024) with specificities of 79.2%
and 81.4%, comparable to OCB. In pwMS, KFLC index ≥ 100 was associated with younger age (OR 1.53, p = 0.048), women
(OR 1.53, p = 0.037), relapses (OR 2.30, p = 0.029) and new infratentorial or spinal cord (SC) lesions (OR 6.90, p = 0.003). In
multivariable analysis, KFLC index ≥ 100 remained associated with new infratentorial or SC lesions (aOR 8.07, p = 0.019).
Conclusion The KFLC index shows diagnostic utility comparable to OCB; however, it is an adjunctive biomarker that complements
clinical and MRI findings and should not be used as a standalone diagnostic test. An elevated KFLC index was
associated with short-term accrual of infratentorial or SC lesions; these exploratory findings require validation in larger,
longer-term cohorts
El estilo de vida sedentario y su influencia en el riesgo cardiometabólico: una revisión sistemática.
Get PDFIntroducción
El estilo de vida sedentario se posiciona como un factor de riesgo dominante en la actualidad, suponiendo un impacto negativo para la salud de la población, evidenciándose su estrecha relación con la aparición de alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares. El riesgo cardiometabólico abarca parámetros como la obesidad central, dislipemia, hipertensión y alteraciones en la glucemia conformando un importante predictor de patologías crónicas como la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Indagar sobre la relación entre el sedentarismo y los factores que constituyen riesgos cardiometabólicos resulta primordial para poder configurar estrategias de prevención eficaces.
Material y métodos
Hemos realizado una revisión sistemática de la literatura en la base de datos PubMed, donde los descriptores MeSH utilizados han sido”Sedentary lifestyle” y “Cardiometabolic risk” o “Cardiometabolic syndrome”. Los filtros seleccionados incluyeron estudios publicados en los últimos cinco años, en inglés o español, en población humana mayor a 19 años. Seleccionamos revisiones sistemáticas, meta-análisis y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el riesgo relativo (RR) con su respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95%), estimando la relevancia de la asociación entre el estilo de vida sedentario y el riesgo cardiometabólico así como comparar por sexo, grupo de edad y nivel de actividad física.
Resultados
Los estudios seleccionados según los criterios de inclusión muestran una asociación significativa entre el estilo de vida sedentario y un mator riesgo cardiometabólico. La comparación por sexos evidencia una mayor prevalencia de tiempo sedentario en las mujeres con un riesgo relativo ligeramente más alto que los hombres (RR 1.62 vs. 1.47). Por grupos de edad el riesgo más subrayable es en adultos mayores (60-74 años), con un RR de 1.67 [IC 95%: 1.45–1.91]. También se observa que la práctica regular de actividad física moderada o vigorosa supone un reducción del riesgo cardiometabólico, destacando la actividad vigorosa (RR 0.62; IC 95%: 0.54–0.72).
Discusión
Los hallazgos sugieren una asociación entre el estilo de vida sedentario y un mayor riesgo cardiometabólico. La promoción de estilos de vida activa es esencial para una mejora e la salud pública, teniendo en cuenta que existen diferencias por sexo y edad.Background
Sedentary lifestyle has become a dominant risk factor nowadays, posing a negative impact on population health and showing a close relationship with the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular alterations. Cardiometabolic risk, which includes parameters such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose metabolism, is a major predictor of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Exploring the relationship between sedentary behavior and the factors that constitute cardiometabolic risk is essential in order to develop effective preventive strategies.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review of the literature in the PubMed database, using the MeSH descriptors “Sedentary lifestyle” and “Cardiometabolic risk” or “Cardiometabolic syndrome.” The selected filters included studies published in the last five years, in English or Spanish, involving human populations over 19 years of age. We included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials. Statistical analysis was performed using the relative risk (RR) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), estimating the strength of the association between sedentary lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk, as well as allowing comparisons by sex, age group, and level of physical activity.
Results
The studies selected according to the inclusion criteria show a significant association between a sedentary lifestyle and increased cardiometabolic risk. The sex-based comparison reveals a higher prevalence of sedentary time among women, with a slightly higher relative risk than men (RR 1.62 vs. 1.47). By age group, the most notable risk is observed in older adults (60–74 years), with an RR of 1.67 [95% CI: 1.45–1.91]. Regular engagement in moderate or vigorous physical activity is also associated with a reduction in cardiometabolic risk, particularly in the case of vigorous activity (RR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.54–0.72).
Discussion
The findings suggest an association between a sedentary lifestyle and an increased cardiometabolic risk. Promoting active lifestyles is essential for improving public health, considering that there are differences by sex and age
Twenty years of air pollution in eastern Spain: long-term trends and cycles
Get PDFThe present study examines daily, weekly
and seasonal patterns, as well as long-term trends in
nitrogen oxides, ozone and particulate matter (
PM10,
PM2.5,
and PM1)
concentrations in the eastern Spanish
Mediterranean coast. Daily cycles were also analysed
as a function of the day of the week and season
of the year. For this, data from urban, suburban
and rural sites of the Regional Air Quality Monitoring
Network from 2000 to 2019 were used. In general,
daily, weekly and seasonal cycles for NOx,
PM2.5
and PM10
were mainly driven by traffic emissions,
meteorological conditions and the variability of the
mixing layer height. Alternatively, solar radiation
intensity was a key factor, although not the only one,
controlling O3
concentrations. Some differences in
the variability of pollutant concentrations at different
time scales depending on the type and specific characteristics
of the monitoring station were found. For
instance, all urban stations showed an increasing O3
long-term trend, while heterogeneous results were
obtained for suburban and rural sites
Plan de Emergencia y Evacuación de una Empresa de Artes Gráficas
No full textEl diseño de un Plan de Emergencia y Evacuación adaptado a una empresa de artes gráficas de tamaño medio en la Región de Murcia constituye el eje central de este Trabajo Fin de Máster en Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. El objetivo principal es mejorar la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores mediante la elaboración de un plan integral, ajustado a los riesgos específicos del sector y alineado con la normativa vigente. La investigación se ha estructurado en varias fases: revisión bibliográfica de fuentes especializadas, análisis documental y estudio de caso aplicado a la empresa seleccionada. Este enfoque ha permitido identificar y valorar los riesgos laborales presentes, así como definir los procedimientos de actuación ante distintas situaciones de emergencia. El resultado es un plan de emergencia que abarca tanto la prevención como la respuesta ante incidentes, incluyendo protocolos de evacuación, gestión de productos peligrosos y formación del personal. El documento ha sido validado con la colaboración de expertos en prevención y responsables de la empresa, garantizando su aplicabilidad y eficacia en el entorno real de trabajo. Este trabajo contribuye a la mejora continua de la cultura preventiva y a la protección integral de los trabajadores en el sector de las artes gráficas
Influencia de la Desigualdad Social en el Sistema Inmunológico a Través del Estrés Crónico: Una revisión bibliográfica.
No full textIntroducción: Las desigualdades sociales afectan la salud y el bienestar a través de mecanis-mos como el estrés crónico, especialmente en los grupos más vulnerables. En sociedades con alta inequidad, las personas enfrentan mayores niveles de estrés, ansiedad y desconfianza, lo que impacta negativamente en su salud general.
Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica publicada en la última década que respalde la rela-ción causal entre la desigualdad social, el estrés crónico y su impacto en el sistema inmunoló-gico.
Metodología: Se lleva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo de la literatura mediante una revisión bi-bliográfica sistemática, utilizando las bases de datos Pubmed, Proquest, Scielo y Google Scho-lar. Se identificaron 4.442 artículos en los últimos 10 años.
Resultados: Después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión pertinentes, se seleccio-naron 19 artículos. Además, se definen 4 categorías que ofrecen detalles sobre la evidencia existente acerca del tema de estudio.
Conclusiones: Las desigualdades sociales afectan negativamente la salud, especialmente en las poblaciones vulnerables. El sistema actual perpetúa estas desigualdades al priorizar intereses económicos, y la falta de visibilidad en los medios dificulta la conciencia sobre el problema. Es crucial investigar y difundir estudios para que las sociedades comprendan la magnitud de estas desigualdades y promuevan soluciones basadas en la equidad y la justicia social.Introduction: Social inequalities affect health and well-being through mechanisms such as chronic stress, especially among the most vulnerable groups. In societies with high inequity, individuals face elevated levels of stress, anxiety, and distrust, which negatively impact overall health.
Objective: To analyze the scientific evidence published in the last decade that supports the causal relationship between social inequality, chronic stress, and its impact on the immune sys-tem.
Methodology: An exhaustive analysis of the literature was conducted through a systematic bibliographic review, using the databases PubMed, ProQuest, Scielo, and Google Scholar. A total of 4.442 articles published in the past 10 years were identified.
Results: After applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 articles were se-lected. Additionally, 4 categories were defined to detail the existing evidence on the topic.
Conclusions: Social inequalities negatively impact health, particularly among vulnerable pop-ulations. The current system perpetuates these inequalities by prioritizing economic interests, and the lack of media visibility hampers public awareness of the issue. It is crucial to continue researching and disseminating studies so that societies can grasp the magnitude of these ine-qualities and promote solutions based on equity and social justice
Valorizing Ibericus traditional melons for organic farming: Crop limitations, use of grafting, and impact on agronomic performance and fruit quality
No full textMelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a major crop in Spain, where traditional cultivars of the Ibericus group, selected by
local farmers over centuries, are still grown for local markets and self-consumption. These landraces are valuable
for organic and sustainable farming, but their productivity is limited by biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding
the limiting factors is essential to guide cultural or genetic strategies that help mitigate their impact. This study
evaluated the agronomic performance and fruit quality of 17 Ibericus cultivars, cultivated as non-grafted and
grafted onto commercial Cucurbita and experimental Cucumis rootstocks. Trials were conducted over two years in
three contrasting organic fields: (i) a non-stressed location without prior melon cultivation, (ii) a pathogen and
virus-prone location with a long melon-growing history, and (iii) a site with saline conditions. Viral (WMV, CMV,
CABYV, ToLCNDV), powdery mildew, and soilborne pathogens (Macrophomina phaseolina, Neocosmospora spp.,
Fusarium spp.) severely affected yield. While salinity had minimal impact on yield, it increased SSC in Piel de
Sapo, Amarillo, and Rochet cultivars. Under extreme salinity and low rainfall, pathogen dynamics changed,
affecting plant development. Grafting reduced plant mortality and increased yield across cultivars, though
rootstocks varied in their pathogen resistance profiles. Cucumis rootstocks, especially F1Pat81, maintained fruit
quality better than Cucurbita. Varieties 03PS (’Piel de Sapo’), 22AM-GO (’Amarillo’), and 32BL (’Blanco’)
demonstrated favourable performance under saline conditions, particularly when grafted onto F1Pat81 or
Cucurbita rootstocks, and are recommended for organic farming. Overall, traditional Ibericus melons demonstrate strong potential for organic systems; however, breeding for improved pathogen resistance and rootstock
optimization remains essential to promote their cultivation
La radio como herramienta de propaganda política: análisis del caso español en contextos democráticos contemporáneos
No full textA la función de la radio generalista en la formación del discurso político y la percepción pública en España entre 2018 y 2024. La investigación se enfoca en un análisis comparativo entre cadena ser y cadena cope, emisoras líderes en audiencia con diferentes orientaciones ideológicas. La metodología integra información de encuestas (Cis, Aimc Egm) junto con un análisis cualitativo de sus enfoques editoriales y tácticas discursivas.
Los resultados corroboran la continua importancia de la radio como medio de información política. Se observa una evidente polarización ideológica entre cadena ser (progresista, analítica) y cadena cope (conservadora, emocional), evidenciada en la notable afinidad de sus públicos y la consecuente creación de "cámaras de eco". La investigación también examina las estrategias persuasivas utilizadas en la comunicación radial y la complejidad de la "imparcialidad informativa". Se establece que la radio no solo proporciona información, sino que impacta de manera activa en la agenda pública y potencia las tendencias políticas previas, ayudando a la polarización del contexto español
High-Quality Video Streaming Over Urban Vehicular Networks
No full textVideo streaming services over vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are in high demand for numerous applications associated with the connected vehicle (infotainment, driver assistance, accident support, etc.). However, streaming high-quality video through a VANET is not a trivial task, as the wireless channel is highly unreliable and suffers from bandwidth constraints. As a consequence, many packets may be lost, making it very difficult for the receiver to reconstruct a video with the minimum quality required. Our proposed scheme will combine several aspects of the overall video streaming architecture by following a cross-layer approach that includes: (a) the video packet stream content characteristics, (b) an adaptive forward error correction coding scheme, and (c) the use of QoS services. An adaptive RaptorQ coding scheme is proposed to protect the video packet stream without wasting the available network bandwidth. At the same time, we will use the QoS differentiated services of IEEE 802.11p to prioritise critical video packets, in order to avoid degradation of video quality during streaming. Finally, we will provide a mechanism to reduce the impact of synchronisation effects on the IEEE 1609.4 multiplexed service channel, which will reduce the packet collisions at the beginning of the service channel slot. All of these techniques, when properly combined, will enable high-quality video streaming services in urban VANET scenarios, thus providing a pleasant video quality experience to users even under different network conditions, with moderate to high packet error rates. In order to test the performance of our proposal, we will use a highly detailed simulation framework under different network conditions. The results of this work are expected to provide a feasible solution for high-quality video streaming services in urban VANETs