Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science] (E-Journal) / Библиотековедение
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Брошюра XVIII в. о путешествии Петра I в Париж и ее автор
Get PDFThe article is devoted to an obscure Russian brochure of the 18th century, containing a chronicle of the journey of Peter the Great to Paris in 1717. Instead of the title page that anonymous edition had a description of a medal minted at the Royal Mint in the presence of the Tsar. The peculiar feature of chronicle narration of the visit is that the events of May, 1717 were described briefly with errors; however, June events were covered in more details. The author ascertained that the text of the brochure was almost completely borrowed from a book by J. Rousset de Missy “Notes on the Reign of Peter the Great” which was published in Holland in French language after Peter the Great death. The author of the book, in turn, borrowed the information from the Paris newspaper “Le Nouveau Mercure”. In several cases the Russian publisher supplemented the story on the journey with the material, quite similar to literary fiction. The author of the brochure was Andrey Andreevich Nartov (1737-1813), a well-known writer, statesman and public person in Catherine’s time. He was also the author of a collection of historical anecdotes under the title “Memorable Narrations and Speeches of Peter the Great”. Both works by Nartov were made as compilations from European sources, added by the author’s fiction
Генерал-лейтенант А.Н. Петров и библиотека Главного штаба
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the well-known military historian, General Lieutenant Andrei Nikolaevich Petrov, who for 26 years - from 1872 to 1898 - served as Librarian of the Military-Scientific Library of the General Staff. A.N. Petrov had changed the type of the book depository of the General Staff from the closed institution, designed for officers of the General Staff, to the library available for all users involved in the research activities. For the first time were published two parts of the systematic catalogue of books: “Military Science” and “General Branch”, - and the first supplement thereto with the alphabetical index. These catalogues were used in many military libraries and served as the methodological tool for them. Started at Petrov free acquisition of Russian books from censorship committees, restocking with the works of the Russian literature put the library of the General Staff in a privileged position along with the largest public libraries of Russia. Increased funding of the library also contributed to the procurement of books and periodicals. Military-historical works of A.N. Petrov were included in all catalogues of books of military libraries and were in demand by different categories of readers.Статья посвящена известному военному историку, генерал-лейтенанту Андрею Николаевичу Петрову, который в течение 26 лет - с 1872 по 1898 г. - исполнял обязанности библиотекаря военно-научной библиотеки Главного штаба. При А.Н. Петрове книгохранилище Главного штаба из закрытого учреждения, предназначенного для его офицеров, стало доступным для всех лиц, занимающихся научно-исследовательской деятельностью. Впервые были изданы две части систематического каталога книг: «Науки военные» и «Отдел общий» - и первое дополнение к ним с приложением алфавитного указателя. Данные каталоги были во многих военных библиотеках и служили методическим пособием для них. Начавшееся при генерал-лейтенанте безвозмездное получение из цензурных комитетов русских книг, пополнение произведениями отечественной литературы поставили библиотеку Генерального штаба в привилегированное положение наряду с крупнейшими государственными библиотеками России. Увеличение финансирования также способствовало приобретению книг и периодических изданий. Военно-исторические труды А.Н. Петрова имелись во всех каталогах книг военных библиотек и пользовались спросом у различных категорий читателей
Учебник как форма представления профессионального знания
Get PDFThe review presents the assessment of the textbook “General Library Science” [1] from the standpoint of scientific character and didactics requirements: ensuring a high scientific level; meeting the conceptual unity; the validity of the selection of theoretical and factual material; intelligibility of presentation of materials for students; the level of visualization.В рецензии дается оценка учебника «Общее библиотековедение» [1] с позиций научности и требований дидактики: обеспечение высокого научного уровня; достижение концептуального единства; обоснованность отбора теоретического и фактического материала; доступность изложения материала для обучающихся; степень визуализации
Этот удивительный библиотечный мир
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the two-volume collection edition of the selected articles by Margarita Yakovlevna Dvorkina. There are analyzed the principal views of the author on the understanding of the mission of library, on the potential of synergetic approach to the library science research, on periodization of the domestic history of librarianship, library science and library as a social institution, and on innovations in librarianship. There is revealed the high heuristic potential of the articles collection edition.Статья посвящена двухтомному сборнику избранных статей М.Я. Дворкиной. Проанализированы основные взгляды автора на понимание миссии библиотеки, на потенциал синергетического подхода в библиотековедческих исследованиях, на периодизацию отечественной истории библиотечного дела и библиотечной науки, а также библиотеки как социального института и на инновации в библиотечном деле. Раскрыт высокий эвристический потенциал сборника
Библиотечная статистика: в поисках оптимальных решений
Get PDFProblems of state statistics in the field of library activities are covered in close connection with transformation of the network of public libraries in the Russian Federation. There are presented results of monitoring of the network of public and municipal libraries for the period of 2012-2015, performed by the National Library of Russia within the framework of the All-Russian project “Corporate Full-Text Database ‘The Central Libraries of the Russian Federation’” (http://clrf.nlr.ru). There are designated the key transformations of the regional library networks: reorganization and liquidation of libraries, disunity and heterogeneity, instability and variability of the network structure. These changes are directly related to the goals and priority tasks of the Federal statistical observation over public libraries; which influence the formation of the objective view on the scope of work, directions of activities and resources of different types of libraries, on the actual level of availability of libraries in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the status of library services in the country. There are identified problems of the existing tools of the Federal statistical observation: absence of consolidated data on the activity libraries of all types, the wrong reflection in statistics of the most important indicators, different regional approaches to filling in the forms of the Federal statistical reporting. Taking into account the real situation of libraries, there are formulated the actual proposals on changing the form of Code of Annual report of public libraries administered by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. The proposed changes are designed to reflect the full scope of library activities of three types of organizations: municipal libraries; state libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; other organizations engaged in library activities
Книжная графика Б.Б. Титова
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the artwork of B.B. Titov, one of the most prolific and original domestic book artists, whose heritage is still understudied. Analyzing numerous covers and a few illustrative cycles, created by the master during the 1920s-1930s, the author reveals the characteristic features of the book graphics of B.B. Titov, as well as the circle of his favourite themes and techniques. In the laconic figurative drawings by the artist (usually contour or silhouette) there appeared characteristic of that age understanding of book graphics as a very conditional art, designed to reveal not common specifics, but “symbolism of images”. In a most diverse and inventive manner the book artist works with the most hackneyed symbolic objects (hammer and sickle, two-headed eagle), each time playing with these characters in new ways, turning them into ornamental elements. Non-objective covers by Titov, often only associatively connected with the title and content of the book, designed very unusually, clearly detect proximity of the master to Art Deco style. Individuality of the artist appeared as well in a purely typography work, where letters and numbers, as if endowed with human characters, sometimes acting pretty strange, enter into complex relationships. Highly distinctive artwork of B.B. Titov, who managed to synthesize very different from each other stylistic trends, who defined the “graphic outlook” of the products of such major publishers and publishing houses as Gosizdat, “Federatsia” (Federation), “Zemlya i Fabrika” (Land and Factory), “Proletarian” - is extremely interesting and significant, however, undervalued phenomenon of the Russian book culture
Использование книги как средства воспитательного воздействия на заключенных в пенитенциарной системе Западной Сибири (вторая половина ХIХ - начало ХХ в.)
Get PDFHistorical experience of education by the means of books, known as culture of reading, started being weakened in “the age of Internet”. Novelty of the article is in the described process of impact of the book on criminals in the territory of Western Siberia considered through the cultural, historical and psychological aspects. With the use of previously unknown archival materials there are revealed the cure methods of the condemned by using the book, and the relationship to the prison literature of the political prisoners. The personality of prisoners differed by a set of moral qualities, but almost all of them were ready to the perception of people around and themselves through the literature. Illiteracy was the main obstacle in education of the condemned, but the administration of prisons opened prison schools and organized reading literature aloud. The first prison libraries appeared in the 1860-ies and were replenished generally at the expense of philanthropists. F.M. Dostoyevsky’s novels “Crime and Punishment” and “Notes from the Dead House”, fairy tales and poems by A.S. Pushkin were the most popular books: they filled life with romanticism and were a compensation factor. Political prisoners denied any educational methods, preferring to read revolutionary literature. It is impossible to track extent of impact of book on the process of correction of criminals, but it is possible to claim that libraries started forming the atmosphere of book which is the most important condition of education in prisons, and is a necessary prerequisite for correction of a convicted person
Общая универсальная библиография периодики в России: история, теория, практика национального учета
Get PDFThere is described theoretical and practical value of published 60 years ago annotated Index “Ge-neral Bibliographies of Russian Periodicals 1703-1954 and Materials on Statistics of Russian Periodicals” by M.V. Mashkova and M.V. Sokurova (St. Petersburg, 1956) with introductory article by P.N. Berkov. The latter included short essay, being the first attempt to generalize the history of the development of this area of bibliography from its origin up to 1955, and analysis of periodicals as an object of bibliography. There is considered further development of bibliography, history and theory of national general (universal) bibliography of periodicals after 1955, in particular, terminological designation of its object. Basing on the analysis of current state of general (universal) bibliographic control of periodicals in Russia, the USSR and the Russian Federation, there are outlined the tasks and ways for their further development in the main directions (repertory bibliography of periodicals 1703-1917, current national universal bibliography of periodicals).Отмечается теоретическое и практическое значение вышедшего 60 лет назад аннотированного указателя «Общие библиографии русских периодических изданий 1703-1954 и материалы по статистике русской периодической печати» М.В. Машковой и М.В. Сокуровой со вступительной статьей П.Н. Беркова. Эта статья явилась первой попыткой обобщить историю развития данной области библиографии с момента ее возникновения до 1955 г., а также содержала анализ периодики как объекта библиографирования. Рассматривается дальнейшее развитие библиографии, истории и теории отечественной общей (универсальной) библиографии периодики после 1955 г., в частности, терминологического обозначения ее объекта. На основе анализа современного состояния общего универсального библиографического учета периодических и продолжающихся изданий в России, СССР и Российской Федерации намечаются задачи и пути его дальнейшего развития по основным направлениям (репертуарная библиография периодики 1703-1917 гг., текущая универсальная библиография отечественной периодики)
Безупречное служение библиотечное (к юбилею М.Я. Дворкиной)
Get PDFThere is considered the scientific-pedagogical activity of M.Y. Dvorkina as an example of perfect library service. The creative contribution of M.Y. Dvorkina to the library science is characterized. There are specified the issues that need further development and study.Рассмотрена научно-педагогическая деятельность М.Я. Дворкиной в качестве примера безупречного библиотечного служения. Охарактеризован творческий вклад юбиляра в библиотечную науку и обозначены проблемы, нуждающиеся в дальнейшем изучении