IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
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Synthesis of Catalyst Cobalt Impregnated on Activated Natural Zeolite, Co/ANZ
Get PDFResearch has been done on the synthesis of catalyst Co/Activated Natural Zeolite. The variables studied were the mass ratio of Cobalt to Zeolite and temperature of reduction during catalyst activation. The catalyst produced were analysed in their acidity and surface area. Acidity was presented in the form of ammonia and pyridine adsorption on the catalyst surface. The results showed the increasing Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio will increase acidity of the catalyst produced. Reduction temperature during catalyst activation also gave same effect as Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio did. Best ratio within the range of this study was Cobalt to Zeolite mass ratio of 6:20, which was found at reduction temperature of 400 C. This ratio gave catalyst acidity correspond to ammonia adsorption of 6.4615 mmol/g, and to pyridine adsorption of 2.6047 mmol/g catalyst. The best reduction temperature was 450 C at ratio of 6:20. The acidity of this catalyst was of 7.5202 mmol/g as in ammonia adsorption, and was of 3.662 mmol/g as in pyridine adsorption. Catalyst surface area of the best ratio was 32.63 m2/g, whilst catalyst surface area of the best reduction temperature was 38.95 m2/g. Keywords: catalyst, cobalt, activated natural Zeolite
Study on Groundwater Quality in Concern to Potent Pollution at Secondary Block P17-5N Delta Telang II (Case Study of Muliasari Village, Tanjung Lago Banyuasin District, South Sumatera Province Indonesia)
Get PDFResearch had been carried out on tidal marshes condition at tertiary channel Muliasari Village and the effect of land user behavior on water and soils quality. The aimed of research is to evaluate water and soil quality and potent pollution due to fertilizer and pesticide utilization. The research methods are survey and qualitative approach using observation and directed interview with questionnaire aid. Water and soils samples were taken by purposive sampling method. Measurement obtained soils has pH 4.59 and 3.92 for TC4 and TC5 respectively. Cation exchange capacity is 21.65 mg/100 g or TC4 and 20.62 mg/100 g for TC5. C-organic contained in both TC4 and TC5 are very high whereas Total-N is moderate hence ratio C/N has moderate value. P2O5 detected as 81.55 ppm at TC4 and 36.06 ppm at TC5. According to Soils Research Centre Bogor, TC4 and TC5 has moderate value of N (35%) while P and K very high (81.55 ppm and 103.32 ppm). Scoring result concluded that soils is in good health and has 76% (TC4) and 73% (TC5). Storet method confirmed score result for soils as B-class or in good condition. According to these result, TC4 and TC5 of Muliasari Village was lightly polluted and still has good prospect as crops land. Key Words: Tidal zone, Water quality, pollutio
Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Continuous Coal Stockpile Wastewater Treatment System
Get PDFCoal wastewater is characterized by high total suspended solid (TSS), heavy metals, and low acidity (pH). The purpose of this study was to research the effects of the operating parameters such as applied voltage, the number of electrodes, and reaction time on a real coal stockpile wastewater in the continuous electrocoagulation process. For this purpose, aluminum electrodes were used in the presence of potassium chloride as an electrolyte. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of TSS and heavy metals content increased with increasing the applied voltage and reaction time. The results indicate that the electrocoagulation process is efficient and able to achieve 88.67% TSS removal, 95.65% ferrous removal, 99.11% manganesse removal, and pH increased until 7.1 at 24 volts during 120 min, respectively. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of electrocoagulation methods for the treatment of coal stockpile wastewater.Key words: coal stockpile wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrod
Determination of Magnetic Mineral Crystal Structure Using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) on Igneous Rock from Ogolowe and Bajugan Village, Toli toli District Central Sulawesi
Get PDFStudy of igneous rocks derived from Ogowele Village and Village Toli-Toli Bajugan has been conducted to determine the magnetic minerals contained in the igneous rocks, as well as determine the crystal system, lattice constants and field diffraction by comparison sieve 60 mesh and 80 mesh. Process characterization and analysis using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Characterization and analysis of the results showed that the compound was detected both rock samples Fe3O4, SiO2, Al2O3 and MnO2. Igneous rocks derived from Ogowele village is dominated by compounds SiO2 (quartz) by 52% and rocks from Bajugan village dominated by the compound Fe3O4 (magnetite) by 40%. The crystal structure is cubic and hexagonal compound to compound Fe3O4 SiO2. Fe3O4compound cubic lattice constants are a = b = c is 8.375 Å. To compound the hexagonal SiO2 ie a = b of 4.898 Å and c of 5.385 Å. Field diffraction on Fe3O4compound is (3 1 1) and the SiO2 compound that is (1 0 1).Keywords: X-Ray Diffraction, Fe3O4 Compound, SiO2 Compound, cubic, hexagona
Nitrogen Removal by Anammox Biofilm Column Reactor at Moderately Low Temperature
Get PDFThe anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) as a new biological approach for nitrogen removal has been considered to be more cost-effective compared with the combination of nitrification and denitrification process. However, the anammox bioreactors are mostly explored at high temperature (>300C) in which temperature controlling system is fully required. This research was intended to develop and to apply anammox process for high nitrogen concentration removal at ambient temperature used for treating wastewater in tropical countries. An up-flow biofilm column reactor, which the upper part constructed with a porous polyester non-woven fabric material as a carrier to attach the anammox bacteria was operated without heating system. A maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 1.05 kg-N m3 d-1 was reached in the operation days of 178 with a Total Nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 74%. This showed the biofilm column anammox reactor was successfully applied to moderate high nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater at moderately low temperature. Keywords: Anammox, biofilm column reactor, ambient temperature, nitrogen remova
Study on Quality of Water from Various Resources of Tidal Zonetaken on Dry Season at Muliasari Village Tanjung Lago District
Get PDFContamination by organic matters, nutrient, pathogenic bacteria, micro pollutant and detergent/surfactant caused quality decrease of water in tidal zone. This study was aimed to evaluate quality of various water resources and to elaborate correlation between tidal environment condition and water resources quality at Muliasari village district of Tanjung Lago. Water sample was taken by purposive sampling method. Analysis result using Storet method showed average value of several parameters at high tide are: temperature 31.37°C;TSS 74.28 mg/L;pH 3.38; salinity 1.82; DO 5.05 mg/L; BOD 32.51 mg/L; COD 98.5 mg/L; ammonia 0.29 mg/L; phosphate 0.1690 mg/L; Fe 0.272 mg/L and Coliform 0.31/100 mg/L. At low tide these parameters had values for temperature 27.13°C; TSS 67.14 mg/L; pH 3.38; salinity 1.7; DO 4.86 mg/L; BOD 14.13 mg/L; COD 43.71; ammonia 0.244 mg/L; phosphate 0.1695 mg/L; Fe 0.232 mg/L and Coliform 0.32/100 mg/L. According to Governor’s provision no.16/2005 on water quality standard, water from various resources of Muliasari village were moderately polluted. Domestic waste water management is needed at this area followed by training and enhance occupant’s awareness to maintain hygiene and environment quality. Monitoring effort is also necessary on water resources quality for at least once every 6 months. Key words: Water quality, tidal zone, domestic wast
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Polyvinylalcohol Based Gel Electrolyte
Get PDFResearch on the effect of electrolyte ammonium salt, concentration electrolyte with plasticizer to ionic and electronic conductivity of polymer gel electrolyte has been conducted with the variations of two electrolyte NH4Cl-PVA and NH4SCN-PVA at a concentration of 10, 30, 40 (wt%). The measurement of using ionic conductivity by using impedance spectroscopy method showed that the highest value was 0.0156 Scm-1 i.e. in the 54.6% propilen carbonate with 40% NH4Cl and PVA. The lowest value was 0.009 Scm-1 i.e. in the NH4SCN based electrolyte without propilene carbonate and electronic conductivity showed that the highest value was 0.0156 Scm-1 i.e. 40% NH4Cl-PVA and NH4SCN-PVA and the lowest value was 0.009 Scm-1, i.e. in the NH4SCN based electrolyte without propilene carbonate. Factorial analyses showed that the concentrations of electrolyte and the plasticizer affect conductivity value. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) measurement showed that the addition of propilene carbonate did not show new bond formation between electrolyte and PVA. It can be shown in absence of characteristic wave number for propilene carbonate and NH4+ ion.Keywords: DOE, plasticizer, propylenecarbonate, ionic, electronic, conductivit
Photoreduction of Cr(VI) Catalyzed by TiO2-Lignin
Get PDFIn order to increase the activity of TiO2 photocatalyst, preparation and characterization of TiO2-lignin and its activity on Cr(VI) photoreduction have been carried out. TiO2-lignin was prepared by mixing TiO2 powder with lignin powder in water-ethanol followed by stirring for 24 h and calcination at 400°C. The crystal structure characterizations were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Lignin was identified using FT-IR whereas photoreduction of Cr(VI) was conducted in a batch reactor. The effect of TiO2 content on TiO2-lignin, irradiation time, weight of photocatalyst and initial concentration of Cr(VI) were studied to obtain effectiveness of photoreduction. Activity of TiO2-lignin on the photoreduction of Cr(VI) showed higher result than TiO2. The increased of TiO2 content in TiO2-lignin result in higher Cr(VI) photoreduction and gave maximum yield at mass ratio of TiO2/lignin 2:1. The irradiation time, weight of TiO2-lignin photocatalyst and initial concentration of Cr(VI) obtained for maximum Cr(VI) photoreduction are 40 h, 50 mg and 1 mg/L respectively which reduced Cr(VI) by 81.44%. Keywords: TiO2-lignin, Cr(VI) ion, photoreductio
Strategy for technology energy selection to achieve coal value added in PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk.,
Get PDFThe role of coal in providing national energy has already increased nowadays, and still taking an important subject. Government obligation to support added value is not really encourage industry player to applied technology energy that has been developed widenly in South Africa, China and others developing country. The scope of this research is technology energy for coal diversification, such as Coal Upgrading, Coal Gasification, Coal Liquefaction, Coal Water Mixture, and applied Coal Bed Methane Technology that extract gas methane from the pore of coal. The purpose of this research is to estimate coal resources, quality range and to select technology energy that can be potentially develop in PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk. Coal Resources and coal quality in each mining licences area becomes the basic strength for developing technology energy as part of SWOT Analysis. Based on the SWOT Analysis from 5 technology energy then the scope limited into 3 highest technology energy that is Coal Gasification, Coal Liquefaction and Coal Bed Methane as the most potential technology energy to develop in PT. Bukit Asam (Persero), Tbk.
Laboratory effluent Treatment by Using Coagulant Alum sulphate and Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC)
Get PDFIt has been investigated of the laboratory effluent treatment using coagulant Alum sulphate (AS) and Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC). This research purposes to get the best doses of coagulant in waste water treatment. Parameter focuses are Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ammoniac (NH3). The result shows the Alum sulphate was more effective. The effectiveness of pollutant decrease is 58,80% of TDS, 99,14% of Fe, 98% of Cr, 77,24% of Mn, and 23,18% of Ammoniac, respectively.Keywords: Laboratory wastewater, Alum sulphate, Poly Aluminum Chloride, Heavy metals, Coagulatio