IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)
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Study of Antioxidant Activities from Antihypertension Drug Plant of the Indralaya Area
Get PDFOgan ethnic population in Indralaya, Ogan Ilir District, South Sumatra was known to have used several types of plants, there are Swietenia mahagoni, Averrhoa carambola, Syzygium samarangense, Musa acuminata, Nymphaea rubra, Syzygium polyanthum, and Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of hypertension. But, scientific information has not yet been found secondary metabolites that are responsible for providing these activities. The study began with the extraction of methanol from the seven types of plants using methanol as a solvent. Each thick extract was tested for its activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryllhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract which showed the highest activity (methanol extract) was subsequently carried out in vitro antihypertension test using the Angiotencyn Converting Enzyme (ACE) method. Antioxidant test results showed that the methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 was 83.06 μg/mL. Antihypertension test of methanol extract from S. samarangense stem bark obtained IC50 ACE was 61.56 μg/mL. Based on the IC50 value, it shows that S. samarangense stem bark has potential as a source of antioxidant compounds as well as a source of antihypertension compounds. Keywords: Syzygium samarangense, stem bark, antioxidant, antihypertensio
Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Induction Heating Technology
Get PDFKerupuk and kemplang industries produce at least 65 liters of waste cooking oil per production. One form of the application of science and technology in the field of new and renewable energy can be done in processing the waste oil from industrial production through the conversion process into one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels, biodiesel. Biodiesel production process can be carried out by various methods, such as utilizing induction heating technology. This technology has non-contact properties that do not interfere with the reactions that occur because of its application, which produces heat from the workpiece. This study uses waste cooking oil as raw material with variations in the molar ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. The analysis showed that the maximum biodiesel production was used of 1: 7 molar ratio with 86.95% yield, 0.86 gr/cm3 of density, 5.73 cSt of viscosity, 190oC of flash point, and 0.44 mg-KOH/gr of acid number. The using this ratio produces maximum yield and following SNI
Comparison Study of PHBA-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH and PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH: Characterization and Application for [AuCl4]̄ Removal from Solution
Get PDFSynthesis of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA)-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH and PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH have been conducted. PHBA-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH hybrid was synthesized by co-assembly process of Mg/Al-LDH nanosheets and PHBA anions. PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH was prepared by indirect synthesis, where PHBA anions were attached on surface of the Mg/Al-LDH material. Characterization by X-ray Diffraction showed that the PHBA-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH hybrid has the lattice parameter of a=3.02 Å, lattice parameter of c=46.77 Å and basal spacing d003=15.14 Å, where PHBA has been intercalated in interlayer of the hybrid. The PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH has lattice parameter of a=3.06 Å, lattice parameter of c=23.70 Å and basal spacing d003=7.90 Å. The analytical result confirmed that PHBA has been attached on surface of the hybrid for PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH. The optimum 10 mL of [AuCl4]‾ 100 mg L-1 removal condition of both hybrids were reached at pH 3. The optimum interaction time of [AuCl4]‾ and PHBA-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH hybrid was 250 minutes, respectively, while that for [AuCl4]‾ and PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH was 150 minutes. Removal of [AuCl4]‾ by PHBA-intercalated Mg/Al-LDH hybrid followed pseudo second order kinetic, whereas by PHBA-immobilized Mg/Al-LDH followed pseudo first order kinetic. Characterization using stereo photomicroscope confirmed that [AuCl4]‾ could be reduced to Au metal by both hybrids
Effect of Carbonization Time of Mesoporous Carbon in the Dyes Adsorption: Rhodamine B, Methylene Blue and Carmine
Get PDFoai:ijfac.unsri.ac.id:article/168Study of dyes adsorption (rhodamine B, methylene blue and carmine) by using mesoporous carbon synthesized at various carbonization time has been done. Purpose of this research was to understand influence of carbonization time to performance of the mesoporous carbon in dyes adsorption. In addition, adsorption performance of the mesoporous carbon and commercial carbon were compared. The adsorption test were conducted at conditions: 0.1 g of adsorbent, 25 mL of dyes solutions 100 ppm and shaking rate 125 rpm for 4 hour. Filtrate was used to determine remain concentration of the dyes with UV-visible spectrophotometry. Result of the research showed that the carbonization time from 1 to 3 hours improved the adsorption, whereas from 3 to 5 hours decreased it. The best character of the mesoporous carbon was obtained at carbonization time of 3 hours with adsorption values of 96.43 ± 0.37 % for rhodamine-B, 38.80 ± 1.44 % for methylene blue and 48.51 ± 1.55 % for carmine. The adsorption values of the mesoporous carbon were 0.97 times for rhodamine B, 0.48 times for carmine, and 0.39 times for methylene blue compared with the commercial activated carbon
Ammonia Liquid Waste Processing using Electrolysis Method
Get PDFAbstractThis study uses an ammonia wastewater treatment system using 6 lanes and uses a batch-continuous system with electrolysis. Ammonia liquid waste content before and after electrolysis was analyzed using the Nessler method and analyzed using the Spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 460 nm. Ammonia liquid waste with ammonia content can be used between 18,000-22,000 ppm used as a test sample. The results of this study indicate that the decrease in ammonia concentration every time is directly proportional to the amount of strong current and the number of electrode cells applied. The difference in number, by using 1 pair of cells can reduce 49.19%, 3 pairs of cells by 67.89%, and 5 pairs of cells by 85.08%. In the variation of electric current, 1; 5; 10; and 15 amperes produce 34.03%, respectively; 55.99%; 67.68% and 83.28%. On variations in the influence of the flow rate of 250; 500; 750; 1,000; and 1,250 mL/min resulting from a decrease in the concentration of ammonia is relatively the same, ie concentrations between 82% to 84%. The rate of decrease in ammonia concentration at the liquid level reaches 85.08% by using a variation of 5 pairs of electrode cells with a strong current of 15 amperes. The flow rate used is 250 mL/minute, the electrolysis process is carried out for 8 hours. The modification of the wastewater treatment system by using this electrolysis method is feasible for ammonia liquid waste treatment. Keywords: Electrolysis, modification, batch-continuous, Nessler, Spectrophotometry, ammonia liquid waste, electrode cells, current strength, flow rate, stainless steel
Isolation of Flavonoid Compound and Antioxidant Activity of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Leaves
Get PDFSalix Tetrasperma Roxb. is a plant that found in Indonesia were used as traditional medicine such as diabetes and wound healing. In this study, a flavonoid compound of the ethyl acetate extract of Salix tetrasperma Roxb. leaves was isolated by chromatography technique and the antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay. The isolation led to obtain 5,7-dihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone based on NMR spectra. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with the IC50 is 65.89 µg/mL. This study shows that the Salix tetrasperma Roxb. has good potential as source of antioxidant agent
Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Magnesium Oxide Nanomaterial Using Ethanol as Polymerization Solvent
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to synthesize MgO nanomaterials using sol-gel method with ethanol as solvent and to perform structural analysis of the products. Mg-oxalate was initially prepared prior magnesium acetate. Magnesium acetate dissolved in ethanol, and the oxalic acid added to adjust pH until gel phase formed. The gel was heated at 100 C for 24 hours to produce magnesium oxalate solids. Solids was sieved using ±150 mesh then annealed at 550 C for 6 hours to produce MgO nanomaterial. The magnesium oxalate was characterized using FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. FT-IR peak at 3408.22 cm-1; 1709.35 cm-1; 1375.39 cm-1; 830.32 cm-1; 420.48 cm-1, and the XRD peak 17.95o; 22.97o; 25.02o; 27,94o; 35.10o; 37,63o; 44.16o were characteristic of Mg-oxalate. Meanwhile, FT-IR band at 1030.24 cm-1; 2358.94 cm-1; 1627.92 cm-1; 1417.66 cm-1; 437.84 cm-1, and XRD peak at 38.92o; 43.3o; 56.02o; 62.64o; 74.88o and 79.04o shows characteristic of MgO nanomaterial. Structure analysis shown the MgO nanomaterials has an average crystal size 8.11 nm, and lattice length 21.21 nm. The values of strain, stress, energy density crystal and dislocation density of the MgO are 5.3 x 10-5 MPa, 32.97 MPa, 154.81 J/nm2, 1.52 x 10-3 nm-2 respectively. Morphologically the MgO nanomaterial produced is cubic
Leachate Treatment of TPA Talang Gulo, Jambi City by Fenton Method and Adsorption
Get PDFABSTRAKLindi adalah cairan yang ditimbulkan oleh sampah akibat masuknya air eksternal yang dapat melarutkan materi-materi terlarut, termasuk materi-materi organik hasil dekomposisi secara biologi. Lindi dari sebuah landfill (TPA) mengandung zat organik dan anorganik dalam konsentrasi yang tinggi. Dengan adanya gaya gravitasi maka lindi yang terbentuk akan bergerak ke dasar landfill (TPA) akan masuk ke dalam tanah dengan membawa bahan cemaran baik material tersuspensi maupun material terlarut yang dapat mencemari air tanah. Salah satu proses pengolahan lindi adalah dengan menggunakan reagen Fenton dan adsorpsi yang termasuk dalam teknologi Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). AOPs didasarkan pada pembentukan spesies yang sangat reaktif seperti radikal hidroksil (OH•) yang efektif untuk menurunkan COD, BOD dan TSS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah lindi menggunakan reagen Fenton dan adsorpsi serta mempelajari rasio molar Reagen Fenton dan waktu pengadukan terhadap penurunan COD, BOD dan TSS. Pada penelitian ini lindi diolah selama 30-120 menit. Kondisi optimum dicapai pada rasio molar 1:200, waktu pengadukan 120 menit, dan adsorpsi menggunakan karbon aktif selama 120 menit dimana penurunan COD, BOD dan TSS maksimum yang dicapai berturut-turut 95%, 95% dan 92% dengan nilai konsentrasi akhir 96 mg/L, 25,5 mg/L% dan 90 mg/L.Kata Kunci: Lindi, Reagen Fenton, AOPs, COD, BOD, TSS ABSTRACTLeachate is a liquid generated by waste due to the entry of external water that can dissolve dissolved materials, including decomposition of organic matter biologically. Leachate from a landfill (TPA) contains organic and inorganic substances in high concentrations. by gravitational force, the leachate formed will move to the bottom of the landfill (TPA) and will enter the soil by carrying contaminated material, both suspended material and dissolved material that can pollute ground water. One of the leachate treatment processes is using Fenton reagent and adsorption. Fenton method included in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) technology. AOPs are based on the formation of highly reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH•) which are effective for reducing COD and BOD. This study aims to treat leachate by using Fenton reagent and adsorption. The effect of reagent Fenton molar ratio and stirring time on degradation of COD, BOD and TSS were also investigated. In this study leachate was processed for 30-120 minutes. the optimum conditions were achieved at a molar ratio of 1: 200, stirring time of 120 minutes, and adsorption using 120 minutes of activated carbon where the maximum decrease in COD, BOD and TSS achieved was 95%, 95% and 92% with a final concentration of 96 mg/L, 25.5 mg/ L and 90 mg/ L.Keywords : Leachate, Fenton Reagent, AOPs, COD, BOD, TS
The Utilization Of Palm Oil Mill Effluent For Renewable Energy
Get PDFThe demand of energy in the world today has increased exponentially, therefore, more efforts have been focused on looking for alternative renewable sources, such as biodiesel, which involves fuel produced from oil of plant, or animal fat. The objective of the research, therefore, was to utilize the palm oil mill effluent (POME) as a raw material in the production of biodiesel, by applying varying solvent, extraction time and the effluent to solvent ratio. Furthermore, the best output of oil rendement of (81.07%), in comparison with the total sample taken,was obtained using n-hexane, at an extraction time of 3 days, and ratio of 1:1. Furthermore, the output possessed a high acid number. Hence, it is considered in the process of esterification and transesterification, required in the production of biodiesel. The HCl catalyst ratio of 1.25% (%v) was used in the esterification process, and the lowest acid number of 2.08 mg-KOH/gr was obtained, followed by the transesterification process, using 1.5% (%w) of NaOH catalyst of the oil weight. Hence, the characteristics of biodiesel produced were in accordance with SNI 04-7182-2006.Keywords: POME, Biodiesel, Esterification and Transesterification, Extraction, n-Hexan
The Effect of Fermentation Bran and Chitosan in Ration to Percentage of Tegal Duck Digestive Tract Weight
Get PDFDuck productivity is largely determined by the optimization of bodily functions. The food consumed greatly determines the development of digestive organs and internal organs of livestock. Digestive organs that are well developed and function optimally will be very decisive in turning feed into meat and eggs. Chitosan is a crustacean waste product known as animal fiber and is antimicrobial. Whereas fermented bran contains natural fiber rich in nutrients and is hypocholesterol. The aim of the study was to look at the role of chitosan and bran fermented on the weight percentage of digestive organs of ducks. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each test consists of 2 ducks as a unit of experiment. The treatment is R0 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 20% bran without fermentation, R1 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 20% fermented bran, R2 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 19.5% fermented bran + 0.5% chitosan and R3 = 45% corn + 35% concentrate + 17.5% fermented + 2.5% chitosan bran. The variable measured is the weight percentage of the digestive organs (gizzard, small intestine and pancreas) in ducks. Data was processed using SAS Windows 16. The results showed that the administration of fermented chitosan and bran gave an average percentage of gizzard weight (ventriculus) and pancreatic weight percentage was not significantly different between treatments (P> 0.05), while treatment R1 (20% fermented bran) It was shown that the percentage of small intestine weight was higher (31.85%) than control R0