National Journal glaucoma / Национальный журнал глаукома
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Оценка эффективности и безопасности применения экспандера шлеммова канала Кумара в лечении открытоугольной глаукомы у больных с сопутствующей катарактой
Get PDFСиндром Фламмера
Get PDFThe new term Flammer syndrome describes a phenotype characterized by the presence of primary vascular dysregulation together with a cluster of symptoms and signs that may occur in healthy people as well as people with disease. Typically, the blood vessels of the subjects with Flammer syndrome react differently to a number of stimuli, such as cold and physical or emotional stress. Nearly all organs, particularly the eye, can be involved. Although the syndrome has some advantages, such as protection against the development of atherosclerosis, Flammer syndrome also contributes to certain diseases, such as normal tension glaucoma. The syndrome occurs more often in women than in men, in slender people than in obese subjects, in people with indoor rather than outdoor jobs, and in academics than in blue collar workers. Affected subjects tend to have cold extremities, low blood pressure, prolonged sleep onset time, shifted circadian rhythm, reduced feeling of thirst, altered drug sensitivity, and increased general sensitivity, including pain sensitivity. The plasma level of endothelin-1 is slightly increased, and the gene expression in lymphocytes is changed. In the eye, the retinal vessels are stiffer and their spatial variability larger; the autoregulation of ocular blood flow is decreased. Glaucoma patients with Flammer syndrome have an increased frequency of the following: optic disc hemorrhages, activated retinal astrocytes, elevated retinal venous pressure, optic nerve compartmentalization, fluctuating diffuse visual field defects, and elevated oxidative stress. Further research should lead to a more concise definition, a precise diagnosis, and tools for recognizing people at risk. This may ultimately lead to more efficient and more personalized treatment
Диагностика глаукомы у пациентов с близорукостью
Get PDFDue to anatomical specifics associated with axial myopia, primary open-angle glaucoma diagnostics in myopic eyes may present difficulties. This review aims to analyze the results of glaucoma diagnostic methods in patients with axial myopia. We emphasized the specifics of functional and anatomical changes occurring separately in axial myopia, glaucoma, as well as in their combination. The results of tonometry, automated static perimetry, short-wavelength perimetry, measuring macular pigment optical density, optical coherence tomography data - thickness of the ganglion cell complex, retinal nerve fiber layer, the parameters of the optic nerve head and choroidal thickness. Analysis of published data shows that differential diagnosis of glaucoma in patients with axial myopia should be complex and requires a deep and extended examination of this group of patients. Developing standards for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma process in axial myopia would be advantageous, since the variety of data and various publications, as well as inconsistent representations of the typical signs of glaucoma in patients with myopia leads to difficulty of diagnosis, late diagnosis and reducing the effectiveness of monitoring of the glaucomatous process in this group of patients
Наш ответ проф. Н.И. Курышевой по поводу статьи «Биомеханический аспект формирования глаукомной экскавации»
Get PDFБринзоламид/тимолол и латанопрост в лечении псевдоэксфолиативной глаукомы: сравнительное исследование
Get PDFМеждународные стандарты проведения клинических исследований по хирургии глаукомы
Get PDFThe problem of clinical trials organization has become essential in the field of modern glaucoma surgery. The development of evidence-based medicine requires a high level of reliability of obtained data, which requires a comprehensive organization and statistic level. Publication of Guidelines on Design and Reporting of Glaucoma Surgical Trials by the World Glaucoma Association and introduction of CONSORT standards into this field became first steps to solve this problem. Glaucoma surgery specifics define requirements for clinical trials in this field. Surgery success and failure criteria have to be defined in a study design. Clinical examination methods in pre- and post-operative period have to be standardized for subsequent statistical processing of received data. Statistical analysis and data visualization are essential parts of a clinical trial. Any kind of received data has to be compiled and statistically analyzed to help define its scientific value
Патофизиологические аспекты возрастной макулярной дегенерации и глаукомы
Get PDFAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are both chronic eye diseases and also a major cause of blindness and visual impairment among the elderly. Current epidemiological studies predict an increase in the prevalence of these diseases in the population due to aging. A thorough study of genetic and pathophysiological aspects of each of these diseases has led to the conclusion that there is some similarity of processes that underlie these pathologies. A lot of works devoted to the study of genetic aspects of each of the diseases, specific genetic polymorphisms that determine the degree of risk, clinical course and response to treatment are highlighted. Risk factors for AMD and glaucoma, the main of which are similar in both pathologies, are characterized. One of the key roles in pathogenesis of these diseases is assigned to the immune system: cytokine status of patients with AMD and glaucoma is described. The role of VEGF in the development of both diseases is identified, which gives additional opportunities to improve the basic approaches to treatment in the presence of comorbidity. The review provides integrated modern concepts of etiology, classification and pathogenesis of AMD and glaucoma, their intercommunication is described
Влияние кераторефракционной хирургии на результаты сканирующей лазерной поляриметрии
Get PDFIn order to improve the accuracy of glaucoma diagnostics, the use of the modern imaging technologies in routine practice has become necessary. Scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) is one of the widely-used modern imaging technologies. It was developed to measure the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFLT) around the optic nerve head, and to automatically compare the results with the corresponding normative database reference values. The method is based on retardation (slowing down) of the polarized illuminating laser light of the instrument along one axis (“slow axis”) by the birefringent retinal ganglion cell axons. Certain surgical interventions which involve the corneal tissue (such as LASIK) may have clinically significant influence on the corneal retardation, which may potentially lead to misinterpretation of the results. Since corneal refractive surgery has become a widely-used method to correct for ametropia, and many young people, who in future may develop glaucoma, undergo different types of refractive surgery, this issue gained great clinical significance. Following the introduction of GDx-VCC, the next generation of the GDx devices, the influence of corneal retardation became easily manageable, which helped to confirm that the virtual decrease of the post-LASIK polarimetric RNFLT was an artifact, and was not the sign of true RNFLT damage. Recently a new polarimetric software version (enhanced corneal compensation, GDx-ECC) was developed and investigated by different research groups for its ability to remove the LASlK-induced corneal retardation artifacts, proving the new method to be more accurate than GDx-VCC. It all led to a conclusion that since GDx-ECC is able to neutralize changes of corneal retardation induced by LASIK, this software may be even more suitable to long-term follow-up of eyes which undergo corneal refractive surgery
