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Jap Light Machine Gun
No full textAn unidentified soldier holding a captured Japanese military machine gun. Title taken from photographer\u27s original album.https://commons.und.edu/infantry-photos/1128/thumbnail.jp
Vernon and Chinese Mary
No full textVernon and Chinese Mary stand side-by-side smiling at one another in Fiji. Title from photographer\u27s original photograph.https://commons.und.edu/infantry-photos/1139/thumbnail.jp
Kunsi
No full textA ribbon skirt with colorful orange and pink flowers and pink ribbons in various shades.https://commons.und.edu/native-art/1135/thumbnail.jp
Telemedicine vs. Clinic Monitoring: Adherence in Hypertension Management
Get PDFHypertension affects over a billion adults worldwide and remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and mortality. Effective management requires consistent medication adherence and lifestyle changes, but barriers such as limited healthcare access often hinder follow-up. This literature review evaluates the efficacy of home blood pressure (BP) monitoring combined with telemedicine follow-up in improving medication adherence among adults with hypertension compared to traditional clinic-based follow-ups. A literature review was conducted, resulting in the inclusion of six studies that examined interventions such as telepharmacy, remote BP monitoring, bidirectional text support, and mobile health applications. Results demonstrated that telemedicine significantly enhances BP control, medication adherence, and lifestyle modifications, particularly through pharmacist-led and telepharmacy interventions. However, some studies found no notable differences between telemedicine and in-person care, emphasizing the need for intervention designs tailored to patient demographics and regional factors. Limitations include reliance on self-reported data and restricted generalizability. Findings support integrating telemedicine in primary care for hypertension management to enhance accessibility and optimize patient outcomes
The Comparison of Once Daily Insulin and Once Weekly Insulin in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or a combination of both. The purpose of this literature review is to determine if patients with diabetes mellitus taking once weekly insulin injections compared to once daily insulin injections offer the same, or better, effectiveness at lowering their HbA1c. This is critical in the management and progression of the disease. The electronic databases PubMed, Clinical Key and Embase were searched and there were 92 articles found. Inclusion criteria included articles published within the past 5 years, randomized clinical trials and meta-analysis. Seven studies met final criteria for inclusion. Review of the included literature supports the use of once weekly insulin as it has similar efficacy to once daily insulin in reducing HbA1c. Future research could be conducted to study once weekly insulin in individuals for a longer amount of time, since the once weekly insulin is new. Diabetes comes with many other comorbidities so research could also be conducted in individuals that have secondary comorbidities to diabetes
Efficacy of Turmeric in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis
Get PDFOsteoarthritis is one of the most common types of arthritis that affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to debilitating pain and some forms of immobilization. It is a progressive disease, one that comes from persistent use of joints. Factors that may increase the risk for osteoarthritis include age, female gender, joint injury, obesity, and genetics. Additionally, these factors can increase the rate of degeneration of the cartilage and joint space between bones, causing constant bone on bone contact. Currently, treatment or management of this disease has included oral NSAIDs, acetaminophen, corticosteroids, corticosteroid injections, oral and topical analgesics. However, these medications have some negative long-term effects impacting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and hepatic systems. To determine other potential treatment options of osteoarthritis with less adverse effects, a literature review was completed using randomized controlled, placebo controlled, and double-blind studies that emphasized the addition of turmeric to the treatment of osteoarthritis and its effects on pain, serum inflammatory markers, and physical functionality. The results of this review confirm that the addition of turmeric will reduce daily pain, decrease serum inflammatory markers, and help increase physica
Efficacy of Probiotic Use in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in Children and Adolescents
Get PDFAllergic rhinitis and asthma are chronic conditions affecting children and adults, often impairing quality of life. Conventional treatments, including allergen avoidance, antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, manage symptoms but may also have limitations and side effects. Recent studies have explored the efficacy of probiotics as a potential adjunct therapy to alleviate AR symptoms, decrease asthma severity, and reduce the dependence on these conventional treatments. This literature review aims to determine the efficacy of probiotics in treating asthma and allergic rhinitis. It includes studies using probiotics to treat asthma and/or allergic rhinitis, as found using Embase and PubMed. Only studies involving pediatric participants and focusing on AR and/or asthma were included, while those addressing other allergy symptoms or adult populations were excluded. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies suggest that probiotics may improve pulmonary function and AR symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Probiotics may offer a promising complementary approach for managing allergic diseases, though further research is needed to refine dosage, strain selection, and long-term efficacy
Mathematical Modeling Of Cyber-Physical Attacks In IoT Systems: An Epidemiological Approach
Get PDFThe Internet of Things (IoT) has made electronic devices more interconnected, which has increased cybersecurity threats while also bringing previously unimaginable convenience. In this study, we explore the dynamics of malware transmission in IoT systems using a mathematical modeling methodology that draws inspiration from epidemiological approaches. To better characterize contemporary cyber-defense tactics like honeypots and proactive device hardening, we specifically suggest the SEIR-DX model, which expands the traditional SEIR framework by adding two extra compartments: Deceptive (D) and Secured (X).
The transitions between the six compartments Susceptible, Exposed, Infected, Recovered, Deceptive, and Secured are described by a system of nonlinear DE. The basic reproduction number R0, which acts as a threshold indicator for possible outbreaks, and the malware-free and endemic equilibrium points are determined qualitatively. The stability of the model is investigated analytically using bifurcation and local stability approaches, and it is verified numerically using simulations. Sensitivity and threshold analysis shed light on how important factors like deception efficacy, transmission rate, and recovery rate affect R0, offering important guidance for intervention tactics. The findings indicate that while larger intake and transmission rates make the problem worse, strengthening device recovery, removal, and deception techniques dramatically lowers malware persistence.
In order to lower the frequency of malware, our results highlight the vital role that proactive deception-based protection and traditional containment play. This study informs practical policy and design concepts for improving the resilience of IoT ecosystems in addition to offering a theoretical basis for cyber-epidemiology
Aeroelasticity Investigation Of Biplane Wind Turbine Blade
No full textThe aeroelastic behavior of biplane wind turbine blades is investigated through the development and validation of an improved coupled Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. Biplane configurations, known for their potential to enhance wind turbine efficiency by increasing lift-to-drag ratios and reducing fatigue loads, present unique challenges due to the complex interactions between aerodynamic forces and structural dynamics. This research begins by exploring configuration parameters such as gap, stagger, pitch angle, and decalage to assess their impact on aerodynamic performance. Utilizing an enhanced BEM approach, a robust computational model is developed, integrating advanced aerodynamic corrections, dynamic stall models, and three-dimensional flow effects to predict aeroelastic phenomena like flutter accurately. The improved BEM model is coupled with detailed structural dynamic models to simulate blade responses under various loading conditions. Validation against high-fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) data demonstrates the model\u27s superior accuracy, with deviations primarily near the blade tips due to complex flow dynamics and structural behaviors. The results highlight the model\u27s capability to closely match CFD and FEA predictions, affirming its reliability. Key findings reveal that the improved coupled BEM model provides precise aeroelastic predictions, crucial for the safety and performance optimization of biplane wind turbines. Compared to traditional BEM methods, the improved model reduces prediction errors by approximately 50%, while showing deviations of less than 3-5% from CFD results. The research significantly advances the understanding of biplane blade dynamics, informing the design and optimization of next-generation wind turbines. Future work will focus on model refinement, extensive experimental validation, and the exploration of advanced control strategies for load alleviation and flutter suppression. This study paves the way for developing more efficient, reliable, and sustainable wind energy systems, contributing to the global transition towards renewable energy sources
Virulence Of Emerging Tick-Borne Pathogens, Borrelia Miyamotoi And Borrelia Mayonii
Get PDFAs climate change leads to global expansion of tick habitats, tick borne diseases are becoming more prevalent and widespread, and emerging tickborne pathogens Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia mayonii warrant increased study. Both B. miyamotoi and B. mayonii are vectored by the same tick species as B. burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, with B. miyamotoi causing a relapsing fever-like disease known as Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD), and B. mayonii causing a Lyme disease-like illness with atypical clinical presentations. This dissertation has two aims. The first aim encompasses B. miyamotoi infection and growth, isolation of clonal populations, and characterization of differences between clonal isolates to determine potential novel virulence factors. The second aim investigates B. mayonii pathology, both typical and atypical – arthritis and carditis, and spirochetemia – in Lyme disease-susceptible mice. For Study 1, we used the North American tick isolate Borrelia miyamotoi LB-2001, a heterogenous strain that reliably infects immunocompromised mice. However, cultivating B. miyamotoi LB-2001 in vitro posed issues, with difficulty achieving reliable growth from freezer stocks. To mitigate this, cultures were continually grown in vitro until LB-2001 adopted a high-passage, culture-adapted phenotype. This high-passage B. miyamotoi grew to densities 10 times higher than original low-passage cultures and was readily revived from frozen stocks. However, high-passage cultures were no longer able to infect severe combined immunodeficiency disease mice (SCID). Culture adaptation has been known to alter physiological traits relevant to pathogenicity and host interaction. To elucidate the change that occurred in the high-passage cultures leading to loss of infectivity, clonal populations were necessary. Until this point, all laboratory strains of B. miyamotoi were heterogenous, as poor in vitro growth prevented the isolation of single cells to produce clonal populations. Our lab was able to isolate clonal populations from both high- and low-passage cultures, resulting in clonal populations that demonstrate varied infection phenotypes in SCID mice, known as LB-V, LB-A, and LB-S. Isolates are described based on differences in vivo and in vitro, including growth in culture and protein production; high levels of spirochetes in the blood (spirochetemia), hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia in SCID mice; and variants identified using DNA sequencing. The study concludes as the first to isolate clonal populations of B. miyamotoi LB-2001, describe loss of infectivity and resultant changes to in vitro growth, and offer insights to future B. miyamotoi investigators keen on identifying novel virulence determinants. For Study 2, we utilized Borrelia mayonii, a novel Lyme disease causative agent in the Upper Midwestern United States. Borrelia mayonii infection presents with some atypical clinical manifestations, of which unusually high spirochetemia is of particular interest. While high spirochetemia has been reported in 75% of infected patients, B. mayonii has been undetectable in the blood of immunocompetent laboratory mice, though no study has purposely investigated spirochetemia. Working toward elucidating this conundrum, spirochetemia was assessed by utilizing both immunocompetent C3H and immunodeficient SCID mice. However, this study revealed that B. mayonii spirochetemia observed in human patients is not recapitulated in mice. Further, little is known of the classic Lyme disease symptoms – arthritis and carditis – caused by B. mayonii infection. Utilizing the mouse model of acute Lyme disease, C3H mice, these symptoms were assessed by measuring tibiotarsal joints for swelling as well as histopathology of the tibiotarsal joints and heart. The results of this study demonstrate that B. mayonii infection coincides with mild carditis evidenced by infiltration and valvular endocarditis, however infected mice demonstrated no signs of Lyme arthritis by tibiotarsal joint swelling or histopathology. This demonstrates that B. mayonii causes different pathologies from B. burgdorferi and requires further studies to fully elucidate the host-pathogen interactions