American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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EDFA Gain Evaluation in WDM Transmitting System of the Free Space Optics FSO
Get PDFThis work propose Free Space Optics Systems (FSO) which is considered as one of the most effective solutions to the optical communication environment. It is intended to design a new modified WDM transmitter operating for 16 channel multi users with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA). As slicing in Wavelength Division Multiplexer(WDM) systems, in the transmitter channel at frequency 1558nm and chip spacing 0.8 nm , power equal to -23.5dBm,while the output power will record 28.4mw (14.54dBm) measured by the optical power meter. plus by using NRZ modulation format, while the input power is generated with a CW laser, The spectrum-sliced WDM channel operating at high data rate such as 1Gbps,have been transmitted signal to more than 300 Km, no interference occur. This is done by the use of simulation software version 7
Predicted Geodetic Reference System for Baghdad City with Aided International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF08)
Get PDFHistorically, the mean Earth ellipsoid is obtained by fitting an ellipsoid of revolution to the geoid. Such an ellipsoid, however, does not necessarily best fit the physical surface of the earth due to the existence of topography outside the geoid. When the distance between geoid and ellipsoid is as low as possible, GPS measurements are accurate because it depends on the measurement on the ellipsoid surface. The ellipsoid is defined as the shape produced by rotating an ellipse about one of its axes, which is a more correct definition mathematically ( Deng, X., 2013). An ellipsoid satisfying the condition that the deviations between the geoid and ellipsoid (in a local sense) are minimized. In this paper, presented a purely geometrically defined earth ellipsoid that best fits the physical surface of the Earth so that the resulting geoid undulation (N) attains minimum in Baghdad city. Using orthometric height (H) and ellipsoid height (h), the size, shape, position of such an Earth ellipsoid have been from observation GPS, methods DGPS with (ITRF).The establishment of a new geodetic reference frame of Baghdad city based on ITRF system which is compatible with space positioning techniques. One of the fundamental objectives of geodesy is to accurately define positions of points on the surface of the Earth. It is important and necessary to establish an accurate geodetic reference frame for measurements and computations of points on the surface of the earth. Recently, this has seen the advancement of technology of using GPS for determination of a three-dimensional geocentric reference system
Real-time Fatigue Driving Recognition System Based on Deep Learning and Embedded Platform
Get PDFThe frequent occurrence of automobile traffic accidents seriously threatens the safety of human life and property. Therefore, fatigue driving detection has important social value and research significance. In consideration of the market demand of intelligent assistant driving system, we design a real-time driver fatigue detection system based on deep learning and ARM platform, which uses Samsung 6818A53 series ARM as the driver fatigue real-time detection platform. In order to reduce the interference caused by the change of light and the occlusion of sunglasses in the actual driving environment, the driver\u27s face image is captured by USB infrared camera. Firstly, face detection and alignment are carried out by multi-task cascaded convolutional neural network; Then the eye region is obtained according to geometric relationship between the feature points; Moreover, the driver\u27s eye state is identified by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Finally, fatigue judgment is made based on PERCLOS criterion. The system has been tested in the experimental simulation environment and the actual driving environment. The experimental results show that detection speed of the system can reach more than 20 frames per second, which meets the requirement of real-time detection
A Comparative Study on the Characteristics of Road Traffic Accidents in China and Djibouti
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to estimate the comparative analysis of road traffic accidents in China and Djibouti for the period of 2012-2016. Traffic violations that lead to mortalities and severe injuries and fatalities are analyzed both for China as well as Djibouti. The comparative analysis is very interesting for having different results against the set variables. This study caters two explained variables: traffic violations and severity of injuries with explanatory variables of considering the riskiness factors of humans, vehicles, roads and environments. In line with the previous study, logistic regression analysis is used for getting the casual relationship between the explained and explanatory variables to assess the status and nature of accidents and fatalities in these two countries. The data are taken from the respective police departments and World Health Organization safety. With current economic boom in China, the volume of vehicle and traffic accidents are considerably higher but subsequently in decreasing trend due to good management of traffic and better infrastructure while the case of Djibouti is reasonably at a very low ebb. Furthermore, in both of these two countries, road accidents are the major reasons for mortality. Some of the prominent risk factors contributing to roads accidents are age, an experience of drivers, male drivers, lacking proper maintenance of vehicles for safety, the design of roads, roads status, low visibility during nights due to low or no lightening system and weather. Goods and passengers vehicles tend to commit more traffic offences in Djibouti which resultantly become a major cause of road accidents and hence more severe fatalities. The first factor contributing the traffic violation and imply more and severe injuries are a human factor which if this can be effectively managed then the mortality rate can be mitigated to a substantial level. The second risk factor related to complying with government traffic rules, laws and regulations targeting various kinds of vehicles, driver groups in terms of reducing human, vehicle and environmental risk factors. Such measures may include road safety programs for drivers, focusing on traffic rules and improvement of transport facility. This study eventually guide the traffic policy maker of these two countries for formulating and deploying effective measures for mitigating the mortalities and severity of injuries due to road accidents
Microbiology and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Patients
Get PDFOne of complications in diabetes mellitus which occurs in the foot, due to a combination of peripheral vasculopathy, neuropathy and abnormal foot pressure, followed by immunopathy and infections is diabetic foot ulcer [1,2]. Those are a major medical, social, and economic problem and are the leading cause of hospitalization for patients with diabetes. Severe infections can lead to amputations and increasing the burden both to the patient and the hospital2. This study aims to know the microbiology pattern and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern for diabetic diabetic foot ulcer in Sardjito General Hospital. The data were obtained from Clinical Pathology Laboratory Sardjito Hospital. Subject in this study were diabetic foot ulcer patients whom hospitalized and undergo surgical procedure between January 2013, until January 2015. Foot ulcers samples acquired from wound bed during surgery were analyzed microbiologically to provide information about the bacterial pattern and their antibiotic sensitivity. From 64 patient samples analyzed, 27 different kind of bacteria were obtained. Acinetobacter baumanii was the most frequent bacteria isolated from patient in this study (25%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (8%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%). The antibiotic sensitivity test was performed using 31 antibiotics, and the result was tabulated. Infection with multi drug resistant bacteria is common in diabetic foot ulcers and is associated with increased requirement for surgical treatment. This study proved that multidrug resistant bacteria also a complicating factor in Sardjito Hospital. There is a need for continuous surveillance of bacteria involved in diabetic foot infections to help determine the choice of suitable antibiotic selection
Approximation Theory on Summability of Fourier Series
Get PDFThe results of Chandra to (e,c) means U.K.Shrivastava and S.K.Verma have proved the following theoremTHEOREM : Let . Then,Where is nth (e, c) means of fourier series of f at x. In this paper we obtain the Fourier series by (N,p,q)(E,1) which is the analogues to the (e , c) means given above .The theorem is as followsTHEOREM: Let and be the positive monotonic, non increasing sequence of real numbers be summable (N,p,q)(E,1) to f(x) at the point t=x is
Antioxidant and Inhibition of Elastase Effect of Scutellarein and Apigenin
Get PDFAging process in the skin was begun from the time when one is born, especially skin. Cutaneous aging can be caused by intrinsic and/or extrinsic factors. Wrinkles, thinning, and roughening of skin are part of skin aging. It becomes important looking for natural sources to prevent aging process. Apigenin and Scutellarein are potential phytochemistry which have antioxidant and anti-elastase effects. The purpose of this study is investigate antioxidant and anti-elastase effects of Apigenin and Flavonoid. Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Apigenin and Scutellarien was using FRAP Methods while anti-elastase activity was determined by inhibition of Elastase from Porcine Pancreas. The result of this study was expressed by Mean ± SD and analyzed by One Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey HSD Post Hoc Test as a Further Analysis. Both of Scutellarein or Apigenin had the most potent antioxidant activity at the highest concentration (50 µg/ml). The FRAP Activity of Scutellarein or Apigenin at Highest concentration are 250.22 ±2.3 and 29.05 ±5.88 µg Fe (II), respectively. Antioxidant activity of Scutellarein are more potent than apigenin at various concentration and was shown differences at P value < 0.05. Same like antioxidant activity, anti-elastase activity of Scutellarein and apigenin has most potent inhibition effect at the highest concentration (66.67 µg/ml) which are 87.96 ± 1.63 and 28.33 ± 4.45 %, respectively while at various concentration of apigenin and scutellarein had differences percent inhibition of elastase at P value < 0.05. Scutellarein and Apigenin had antioxidant and anti-elastase activity. Each concentration of scutellarein had more potent antioxidant and anti-elastase activity than apigenin
NG-PON2 Network With 120Km Fiber Length Using Fiber Bragg Grating FBG
Get PDFNext generation optical network are of great importance in face of the increasing number of subscribers and the increasing number of services provided by telecommunications companies around the world and the high quality of these services. Next generation optical network NG-PON2 which use TWDM technology are one of the latest standards set by the ITU-T organization and are especially used for FTTH applications to connect the fibers optic to the subscribers homes at the lowest cost and highest quality. This research examines the possibility of modifying the structure of ONU units for NG-PON2 using Fiber Bragg grating or what it is called FBG in order to increase the transport distance to 120km across single-mode optical fiber based on OptiSystem software, and comparing the final result of the research with the standard values of these system
Effects of Plastering and Ferrocement on the Shear Properties of Masonry Triplets
Get PDFMasonry triplet is formed by three and half bricks keeping the same type of bond exhibited in a brick wall. The triplet has been investigated by researchers as an indicator of lateral loading capacity of masonry wall. Although strength is an important parameter in determining the property of triplet, displacement capacity is significant specially for the cases of lateral loads such as wind load or earthquake load. Experimental investigations carried out to determine the effect of plastering and ferrocement in masonry triplets in terms of both shear strength and strain at maximum stress. The study identified several parameters that affect these properties e.g. mortar strength, mortar thickness, compressive strength of brick, plastering layer thickness, diameter of the wire mesh, and amount of wire mesh. Equations have been proposed to determine the shear strength and strain at maximum stress of the triplet based on these factors. Bond strength was found to be the key factor for the failure of the triplets. It can be inferred that the construction in Bangladesh lack the bond strength in the horizontal bed surface, decreasing both the load and displacement capacity of the brick wall. Ferrocement can be used as a retrofitting technique as it has been found from the tests that laminating the triplet surface with ferrocement prevents sudden collapse and confines the triplet so that the shear strength and strain at maximum stress increase.
The Photovoltaic Performance of CdS/Cu2S (QD) Co-Sensitized Solar Cell
Get PDFThe performance of CdS/Cu2S co-sensitized quantum dot solar cell (QDSSCs) is studied. CdS quantum dots (QDs) were adsorbed onto TiO2 using Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method for different cycles (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10). The Cu2S QDs were deposited onto TiO2/CdS10 cycle photoanodes using the same method. The FTO counter electrodes were coated with platinum, while the electrolyte containing polysulfide redox species was sandwiched between the two electrodes. The current density- voltage (J-V) characteristic curves of the assembled QDSSCs were measured at different cycles and AM 1.5 simulated sunlight. The value of current density (Jsc) and conversion efficiency (?) of TiO2/CdS/Cu2S are 252% larger than the TiO2/CdS values. The maximum values of Jsc and ? are 3.56 mA/cm2 and 1.21% respectively corresponding to CdS10/Cu2S for 6 cycles of Cu2S