American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Investigating the Role of Diversification on Economic Growth in Nigeria; New Evidence from SVARs
Get PDFFluctuations in oil prices have caused economic contractions and challenges to oil-exporting economies. In particular, Nigeria suffers both the previous and current global oil price shocks and this has raised concerns among policymakers, governments, and economic analysts because of the impact of oil and oil prices in Nigeria’s macroeconomic development. However, this paper investigates the role of diversification on economic growth in Nigeria using annual data from 1986 to 2018. The techniques applied showed that only remittances and official development assistance have affected economic growth in the short run. However, the coefficients of one period lagged indicated that the system is capable of adjusting to its long-run equilibrium condition after some shocks in the system. The findings from variance decomposition indicated that diversification plays a positive role on economic growth in both the short and long-run horizons. By overall implication, the study concludes that diversification has a positive role on Nigeria’s economic growth. Therefore, the study recommends the need for the government to provide active and inclusive policies such as soft loans and commercial agricultural programs to improve its export of agricultural output competitiveness, improve supervisory and regulatory frameworks in the financial sector to ease remittances inflow. For these reasons, diversifying the economy from oil revenue is the ultimate goal for achieving sustainable economic growth and development goals or targets by the year 2030
Low-Cost Long Range IoT Communication Systems for Smart Farming Applications in Developing Countries
Get PDFTo provide communication network connectivity to the internet for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, reliable communication systems are needed. This paper presents a performance-based analysis of a Low Power Wireless Area Network (LPWAN) named LoRa. A client server model is used to conduct the measurement tests. Performance metrics that were investigated included, coverage, effect of payload size and selection of parameters settings. It was found out that a higher spreading factor and coding rates lead to better coverage using LoRa
Implementation of Geothermal Energy at Montserrat as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) Arrangement
Get PDFThough geothermal energy is a much more involved and expensive undertaking than solar or wind, the benefits may well be worth the effort. It is geothermal energy that holds real promise for Montserrat as she seek to gain greater energy independence, reduce energy costs, and drive towards sustainable development. In this paper, we examine and discuss how the implementation of Geothermal Energy will be a contributing factor to the consumers and economic growth and development of Montserrat. The Institutional and Management mechanisms to be put in place if Geothermal Energy was to be implemented as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangement are also discussed before explaining the challenges and solutions foreseen in implementation of Geothermal Energy as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) arrangement
The Implementation of Emergency Remote Education in Brazilian Educational Systems
Get PDFThis article presents the results of an exploratory research, delineated in a documentary way. The research aimed to investigate how local educational systems were adapting to offer, via distance learning, the continuity of the school year by occasion of the schools\u27 closure by the COVID-19 pandemic. A critical documentary research is presented, according the legislation implemented by the Ministry of Education and the State Governments of Brazil, with data from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (2018) and the School Census (2019). We conclude that remote education, as it was implemented, aims to fulfill only the annual workload by local schools, ignoring the pedagogical issues pertinent to the theme and benefiting students with greater financial resources
Modeling of Wireless Sensor Networks Jamming Attack Strategies
Get PDFJamming attacks like constant jamming, deceptive jamming, random jamming and reactive jamming disrupt the normal operation of nodes in wireless sensor networks thereby drastically affecting the network throughput, delay and energy consumption by sending random signals in the network without following the underlying Media Access Control rules. These signals collide with the legitimate signals causing undue traffic in the network leading to Denial of Service Attack. This work provides a model for the different jamming attacks experienced in wireless sensor networks using Unified Modeling Language. Modeling the different jamming attacks would help in better description of their behavior and strategy. Established models can be employed in the design of jamming detection and mitigation framework for DoS attacks mitigation in wireless sensor networks that involve sensors which are known to have limited and constrained resources
Environmental Alternative for the Stabilization of Amazonic Soils
Get PDFThe typical superficial soils of Amazonas present, in general, low technical quality for use in paving, being necessary to adapt them to the geotechnical requirements. As one of the alternatives, there is chemical stabilization, which minimizes the participation, as a rule, of natural materials. In this way, the compositions of two soils (red and white) characteristic of the Petroleum Base Pedro Geólogo de Moura (Coari-AM) were analyzed, in the presence of chemical additives, Portland cement and Roadcem. Soils were characterized in terms of chemical and mineralogical aspects, additives and compositions according to X-ray diffraction mineralogy (XRD). The mechanical behavior of the formulations was also determined. The results of the chemical analysis showed very acid soils with a low organic matter content, and according to mineralogy, kaolinite and ilite clay minerals were identified. As for the additive, Portland cement, the presence of the main constituents of the product (CP II E-32), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium silicate (C3S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and ferro-aluminate (C4AF), in addition to gypsum and calcite, was evident. Regarding Roadcem®, the presence of the minerals halite (NaCl) and silvite (KCl) was observed. The results of the Portland-Roadcem® cement and Portland-Roadcem® cement-soil compositions showed the presence of halite and silvite. It should also be noted that the chemical additive Roadcem® developed a crystalline structure, when added to the natural soil, in the studied formulations. In mechanical performance, according to indirect tensile strength test and four-point bending test, an increase in soil resistance was observed when additives participated
Technological Prospecting: A Mapping of the Patent Applications Related of Internet of Things
Get PDFA new line of computers that interconnects through the Internet, also known as the Internet of Things, is a great challenge to be understood as a mechanism to generate new opportunities in the technology industry and society. This study aimed to analyze, by means of a technological prospection, the patent deposits on the Internet of Things in the world. Patent application searches were carried out at the bases of WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), called Patentscope and the European Patent Office (Espacenet). The study showed the prominence of China and the United States in the technological production of the area. Brazil is still not among the main countries originating from IoT technologies, however in 2019 it established Decree No. 9,854, which establishes the National Plan for the Internet of Things
GIS Based Assessment of Hydropower Potential (A Case Study on Gumara River Basin)
Get PDFEnergy crisis has emerged as a serious issue all over the world in recent years. Ethiopia is facing a similar crisis that has resulted in frequent power failures and load shedding throughout the country for past several years. The utilization of renewable energy resources may help reducing fossil fuel dependency of the country for power generation. There are various renewable energy options for Ethiopia including solar, wind and hydropower. The objective of this study is to assess the run-of-river hydropower potential of Gumara River using geospatial data and techniques. Gumara River is a tributary Of Abay River located in the Amhara (South Gonder) province of Ethiopia. Satellite data used in this study include ASTER Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Flow data are acquired from regional hydrologic gauges. Geographical Information Systems tools are used for processing the satellite images, delineation of watershed and stream network, and identification of potential sites for hydropower projects.20 suitable hydropower potential Sites were selected. This study will aid decision-makers in the energy sector to optimize the available resources in selecting the suitable sites for small hydropower plants with high power potential. The proposed approach can further be utilized to assess an overall hydropower potential of the country
Distributed Anonymity Based on Blockchain in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network by Block Size Calibrating
Get PDFThe network connectivity problem is one of the critical challenges of an anonymous server implementation in the VANET. The objective and main contribution of this paper are to assure the anonymity in VANET environments. In the proposed blockchain method, before packaging transactions into blocks, anonymity risk reduced through techniques such as k-anonymity, graph processing, dummy node, and silence period. This paper addresses the challenges of anonymous servers, such as update challenges and single point of failure, by exploiting append-only, distributed, and anonymity features. Although mounting the blockchain process with asymmetric cryptography solves the connectivity challenge, start-up delay and network overhead are severe. The significant feature of the proposed method solves this delay challenge by aggregating many transactions into a block and fixing constraint range of multicasting blocks. Also, aggregating transactions of various end-users into a block preserves the path anonymity. The asymmetric cryptography with ring public and private keys protects the identity anonymity as well as unlinkability. The robust anonymity mechanism existence and the traceability of all transactions constitute the main advantages of the proposed method. The simulation is running by the python to evaluate blockchain performance in VANET with connectivity failure and rapidly changing topology. The results indicate the stabilization of the proposed method in the VANET environment
Validity and Reliability Analysis of the Cyberbullying Scale
Get PDFThis study aimed to test the construct validity and construct reliability on the cyberbullying scale, and to examine the forms and indicators reflecting the construct of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying was measured by a cyberbullying scale that referred to the forms of cyberbullying, namely harassment, denigration, flaming, impersonation, masquerading, pseudonym, outing and trickery, and cyberstalking. The populations in this study were 393 2nd grade students at X, Y, Z high schools in Yogyakarta. The sample in this study were 146 students from 6 classes consisting of 93 males and 53 females with an age range of 16-17 years. The sampling technique used cluster random sampling. The cyberbullying scale was adopted as the data collection method. The data of this study were analyzed using Structural Equational Model (SEM) through the SmartPLS 3.2.8 program. Based on the results of the analysis, the forms and indicators creating the construct of cyberbullying were declared as valid and reliable. The most dominant form reflecting cyberbullying was masquerading with a loading factor of 0.879. Meanwhile, the weakest form reflecting cyberbullying was outing and trickery, with a loading factor value of 0.638. This showed that all forms and indicators were able to reflect and form the construct of cyberbullying. Thus, the measurement model could be accepted because the theory that describes cyberbullying is in accordance with empirical data obtained through the subject