American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Current Stage of Autonomous Driving Through A Quick Survey for Novice
Get PDFToday, autonomous driving is considered a branch of artificial intelligence in which various technologies are employed, ranging from computer vision to machine learning-based sensor fusion technologies. This work summarizes the autonomous vehicle advances and also discusses the crucial components required to build such technology. The state-of-the-art architectures of autonomous vehicles compromise several core modules, including sensors, road scene perception, motion planning, core control system, and system management. The research showed that computer vision technologies such as object detection and tracking and localization and mapping techniques, play crucial roles in an advanced autonomous vehicle functional architecture. The current stage of this industry demonstrates the successful prototyping of autonomous vehicles without drivers’ significant interventions. However, the research centers and automobile industries’ ongoing development aim to explore the productization of such highly automated vehicles and seek to improve road scene perception to reduce the number of sensors while enhancing or maintaining the current performance
Representation of the Contextual Framework of an Applied Research
Get PDFWhen a Higher Education student considers the possibility of developing an applied research, regardless of the academic level they are studying, it is common for questions to be solved such as: how to interpret the information and data that are manifested around their investigation; or determine the most appropriate position to develop their inquiry in the most objective way possible. From our perspective as counselors, we observe that these issues produce many doubts among students, and that sometimes they cause a situation of temporary blockage that is complex to manage. If to this situation is added the need to communicate regularly to their counselors the progress and status of their research, it is possible that the student experiences a process of cognitive dissonance between: what they observe, what they think, what they manifest, and what they are capable to express through the content of their writings. Focused on this problem, our theory on the chaos of the creative, provides some keys as a solution that is useful to control the information and data of an applied research, make an abstract scheme as a representation of a possible contextual framework of exploration and epicenter of the different stages of your research
Biogas Production from the Degradation of Biodiesel Agroindustry Waste
Get PDFDue to advances in environmental policies in Brazil and demand to reach knowledge and techniques of new ways for obtaining energy, to avoid future blackouts and rationing, the renewable energy market is on the rise, and biofuel is a very promising energy source. In the biodiesel agro-industries, there is a constant increase in the residues generation (glycerin, washing waters, press cake, and oil sludge) resulted from the fuel production process, so there is the need for residues management or treatment valuing biodiesel by-products. In this paper, it was evaluated the main types of waste generated at the Caetés Biodiesel Pilot Plant - BR and analyzed the biogas generation potential of this waste. In the laboratory, comparative analyses were carried out between different combinations and percentages of sludge (inoculum containing a high concentration of methanogenic microorganisms to accelerate biomass degradation process) and biodiesel by-products. It was investigated through tests of Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) biogas generation from samples and simulated the capacity of electric power generation. Based on these data and the calculation of energy efficiency, it can be suggested the use of biodigesters with residues generated in the plant to produce energy in the unit enabling a 20% reduction in power consumption
Arrhythmia Classification Algorithm Based on Multi-Feature and Multi-type Optimized SVM
Get PDFThe electrocardiogram (ECG) signal feature extraction and classification diagnosis algorithm is proposed to address the high incidence of heart disease and difficulty in self-detection. First, the collected ECG signals are preprocessed to remove the noise of the ECG signals. Next, wavelet packet decomposition is used to perform a four-layer transformation on the denoised ECG signal and the 16 obtained wavelet packet coefficients analyzed statistically. Next, the slope threshold method is used to extract the R-peak of the denoised ECG signal. The RR interval can be calculated according to the extracted R peak. The extracted statistical features and time domain RR interval features are combined into a multi-domain feature space. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and grid search (GS) algorithms are applied to optimize the support vector machine (SVM). The optimized SVM is utilized to classify the extracted multi-domain features. Classification results show the proposed algorithm can classify six types of ECG beats accurately. The classification efficiency achieved by PSO, GA, and GS are 97.78%, 98.33%, and 98.89%, respectively
Hypoglycemic Effect of Avocado Seed Extract (Persean americana Mill) from Analysis of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test On Rattus norvegicus L.
Get PDFDue to the many side effects caused by antidiabetic drugs, it is necessary to look for alternative antidiabetic agents that have fewer side effects such as drugs from plant extracts, one of which is Persea americana Mill (Avocado). Ethanol extract from avocado seeds containing polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, quinones, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Flavonoids have shown beneficial effects against diabetes mellitus. This research was conducted to determine whether an avocado seed extract has a hypoglycemic effect. The extract concentrations used were 300, 600, 1200 mg/kg BW given orally to experimental animals (Rattus norvegicus L.). Rats were fed a load of 2 g/kg BW sucrose following the treatment. Blood glucose concentrations were then compared to the positive control (Glibenclamid) and the negative control (aquades). Blood glucose levels were measured from the rat’s tail vein using a glucometer at -30,0,30,60,120,240 minutes after the administration of sucrose. All blood sugar levels showed decreases in concentrations following the administration of avocado seed extracts. The highest decrease in blood sugar level was observed at 300 mg/kg BW extract. Although the results of the test showed decreases in blood sugar levels, the differences in blood glucose levels before and after treatments were not found to be significant
The Legal Analysis of the Enforcement of an Arbitral Award
Get PDFThe essence of the introduction of Arbitration will be defeated, if the successful party’ s right of arbitral award is not recognized and not enforceable, in a circumstances wherein the unsuccessful party refused to comply with it. The enforcement of arbitral award in Nigeria has a time limitation which must be enforced within six years for an agreement which is not under seal and time starts to run from the date of the original cause of action and not from the date of making of an arbitral award. It is therefore necessary that parties to an agreement follow all the due process of entering into an agreement, to prevent unforeseen and unredeemable circumstances. This article will re-introduce everything about arbitral award, so that parties to an agreement can be more careful in their dealings. In this article, types of award, legal requirements of an award, enforcement of an arbitral award, procedure for the application and for leave, recognition and enforcement will be discussed
Quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Cultivated in Alternative Substrates According to the Source and Methods of Application of Humic Acids
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid application methods on an alternative organic substrate in the quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. The experiment was carried out in a nursery of production of forest seedlings under cover of the dark type with 50% of luminosity retention, located in the municipality of Dianópolis state of Tocantins, in geographical coordinates, 11° 37? 41? S of latitude, 46° 49? 17? W of longitude, with altitude of 702 meters. The results revealed that the use of the commercial humic acid source applied via foliar promotes a higher quality of seedlings in relation to the alternative source and the absence of application of humic acids
Road Upgrading in Terms of Geometric and Functional Characteristics
Get PDFThe road network plays a vital role in the economy of any country and maintaining the infrastructure at a level that serves the current traffic needs is a critical element. Road maintenance directly affects road users. If it is not adequate or if it is not done in time, the damage that will occur, in a national and provincial network, may be unmanageable and will affect the increased operating costs of vehicles, delays in travel, increase in the accident index and generally reduce the reliability of transport services. When corrective interventions can no longer be postponed or cancelled, extensive restoration and reconstruction work takes place, which costs much more than the simple / preventive maintenance that can be planned and carried out in a timely manner. The protection of the existing road network is necessary and its maintenance in good condition is a dominant issue for a Management Body and often precedes as a priority even a new investment in the field of road infrastructure. This paper focuses on road network management from the point of view of upgrading and maintenance. An optimization methodology is proposed depending on the condition of the road, so that the choice of operation is optimal for the current situation. In this way, unnecessary expenses, which are brought about by the usual maintenance works, are avoided, while the street cannot serve modern traffic needs efficiently
Analysis of Harmonic Vibration Applied as Assistance to Maneuvering High Voltage Switches
Get PDFHigh voltage switches are equipment that allow or block the electricity flow from one point to another. This paper presents an experimental approach, focused on the analysis of mechanical vibration applied in the maneuvering process of the switches. In this study, a maneuvering process was reproduced as it is done in industry, that is, free from vibration; then, the proposal to use mechanical vibration as an alternative aid to increase maneuvering process was tested, using the system proposed by patent BR 10 2013 020198 7. The quantitative parameters analyzed in this study are: vibration frequencies that provides torque relief for opening / closing maneuver, camshaft torque in the maneuvers, bolt torque, mechanical stress and deformation from different parts of the switch structure. In the present work, the obtained data suggests that harmonic mechanical vibration provides technological advances for the disconnecting switch system, such as, the increase of opening and closing maneuvering capabilities. It was also found that mechanical vibration does not affect the structure for the vibration requirements adopted during a survey. Thus, the quality of closure presents positive advances with the use of harmonic mechanical vibration, validating a solution proposed in the patent BR 10 2013 020198 7
Routing of Electric Vehicles in a Stochastic Network with Non-recurrent Incidents
Get PDFAn approach for mapping an electric vehicle (EV) driver’s travel time constraints and risk-taking behavior to real-time routing in a probabilistic, time-dependent (or stochastic) network is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach is based on a heuristic algorithm that finds the shortest path according to the driver’s preferences. Accounting for en-route delays and alternate routes, the EV routing problem in stochastic networks is shown to exhibit other than the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) property; i.e., the traveling time for those who depart earlier may not reach sooner of those who depart later or wait en-route in the charging stations. The proposed approach provides EV drivers the option to manage their trip and reach the destination on time, while by taking advantage of the non-FIFO characteristics of the traffic network, charge their cars en-route. The proposed routing algorithm is tested on a given stochastic transportation network. The best routes based on the driver’s preferences are identified while accounting for the best-planned delays at the charging stations or en-route