American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Bacteriological Load Analysis of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves Consumed in Guinea Savannah Vegetation Zones of Nigeria
Get PDFGreen leafy vegetables are consumed fresh or dried by human beings, for they are good sources of food rich in nutritional quality including beta-carotene, minerals, fibers and essential oils which play significant physiological role in human body including stimulating enzymes, reducing diseases such as diabetes, cancer and destroying bacteria such as Salmonella species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The aim of this study is to evaluate the bacteriological load in Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves consumed in guinea savannah Vegetation zones of Nigeria, via: Abuja (Gwagwalada market), in Southern guinea savannah, Katsina (Daura market), in Northern guinea savannah and Sokoto (Central market), in Sudan guinea savannah. Three (3) fresh and dried Moringa oleifera Lam. leafy samples each of 50 grams were randomly collected per market location for analysis of total viable cells (cfu/mL) using standard procedures of analyses. The bacterial load in each sample was determined in triplicates and analyzed with SPSS Version 16. Bacterial isolates were classified on the basis of cultural morphology, Gram reaction and Biochemical tests.
Results showed that there was bacterial growth on Nutrient, Mannitol and MacConkey media. Sabouraud dextrose, Brilliant green and Salmonella- Shigella media recorded no growth in all the leave extracts analyzed. This could be ascribed to the selective nature of the Sabouraud dextrose, Brilliant green and Salmonella- Shigella media, and suggested that fungi/yeast, Salmonella species and Salmonella-Shigella species were not among the bacterial contaminants or that the active ingredient component-Pterygospermin, in Moringa oleifera leaves extract inhibited the growth of micro-organisms in the leaves extract. The bacterial load in the dried leave extracts increased by 86.70 – 88.96% compared with the fresh leave extracts. The highest viable cell count (12.2 x 104±6.95 cfu/mL) was recorded by Katsina dried leave, west of the market; while the lowest microbial load (1.0 x 104±0.68 cfu/mL) was reported by Katsina and Sokoto fresh leave extracts. The study recorded two pathogenic bacteria from all the locations, with Staphylococcus aureus being more dominating, followed by Escherichia coli. These are indicator organisms for poor hygienic conditions and suggests health hazards. Consumers and vegetable vendors should be educated on proper hygienic handling, transportation and storage of vegetables to avoid bacteriological food spoilage and other related health issues
Use of Vermicompost in Pepper Cultive in Cd Contaminated Soil
Get PDFThe recurring presence of heavy metals in the soil may contaminate vegetables that are subsequently consumed by humans. Depending on the concentration, the presence of substances such as cadmium (Cd) in the human body can lead to many diseases. Due to this, it is important to conduct studies that provide quantification and removal possibilities of these elements in contaminated soils. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the use of vermicompost to reduce Cd uptake in pepper and study of the effects in the plants growing. To conduct the experiments, plastic worm reactors containing earthworms (Eisenia andrei) were prepared and filled with different organic matters. After 60 days with controlled temperature and humidity, the vermicompost was collected and mixed with Cd contaminated soil in different proportions, such 0:100; 25:75; 50:50; 75:25 and 100:0 of vermicompost:soil, respectively. After, plants of Capsicum annuum L. were cultivated and 70 days later, the plants were harvested, cleaned, measured, weighed and dried. Moisture, height, fresh and dry masses, fruit protein and Cd were analyzed in the vegetables. The results showed Cd presence in the plants affected the development of the peppers’ shoots and caused a reduction fruits production. Using vermicompost mixed with the soil improved plant development and uptake Cd was reduced to the plants. The best results of plant development were reached in proportions 50% of vermicompost. In conclusion, it is possible to grow pepper on soil contaminated with Cd provided it has a certain amount of vermicompost in the substrate
Difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Question- PICO vs. SPIDER
Get PDFPurpose: The research question, an empirical component of research, is used for conceptualization, methodology selection, and patient recruitment when aiming to answer a complex phenomenon. PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) is a commonly employed/used framework for formulating a research question in quantitative studies. The PICO framework does not capture all the components of a qualitative research question thus, PICO may not be a suitable framework. To describe difference between qualitative and quantitative research questions and what are the main components of these questions.
Methodology: Non-systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies exploring expectations in preoperative sciatica and or chronic low back pain patients. We compared the research question between qualitative and quantitative studies, using SPIDER and PICO framework.
Findings: We reviewed five qualitative studies, and six quantitative studies that explored expectation in sciatica or chronic low back pain patients undergoing surgical or nonsurgical interventions. Qualitative studies differed from quantitative studies as the former do not test hypotheses, but instead generated them. Qualitative studies are used to explain complex processes such as patients’ perceptions, experiences, attitudes, and opinions. The PICO framework did not capture all the components of a qualitative research question thus, SPIDER should be preferred over the PICO framework.
Discussion: Understanding the difference in qualitative and quantitative research questions will be of particular importance to new researchers and students planning to conduct qualitative research
Landscape Transformation: Temporal Evolution of the Erosion Process on a Hillside on the Island of Itamaracá / Brazil
Get PDFUrban planning is important to guarantee the quality of life for society, as it proposes spatial planning and problem solving, especially those related to land use. Thus, it was proposed to perform an evaluation of actions that promote and/or accelerate the erosive processes on a hillside located in island of Itamaracá/BR. The “interaction networks” and “land use maps” techniques were used in combination, which resulted in a more accurate environmental assessment, as well as the use of models for future estimates. The results pointed to mediumrisk for the environmental indicators of “occupation types” and evidence of collapse”, and high risk for“urban density”and“vegetation”indicators. It has also been predicted that over the years, the urban sprawl in the area will continue to grow until it reaches stability due to the total occupation of useful areas as well as that the growth rate for vegetation will be negative. Thus, there is a need to mitigate environmental damage in the short term, in order to avoid the occurrence of accidents in the hillside area
Formulation and In-vitro Evaluation of Tolterodine Tartrate Tablets by Using High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC)
Get PDFTolterodine tartrate, is a new, potent and competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist in clinical development for the treatment of urge incontinence and other symptoms of unstable bladder. The purpose of this study is to formulation and invitro evaluation of Tolterodine tartrate by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). A simple, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and evaluated for invitro formulation of Tolterodine tartrate Tablets. Tablets were analysed by measuring different parameters: lubricated granules content of Tolterodine tartrate having bulk density, tap densities and angle of r
content uniformity, assay and related substances. Separation of Tolterodine tartrate was achieved within a single chromatographic run on 5µm 4.6x250mm with UV detection at 280 nm, under isocratic conditions, using Acetonitrile and A mixture of 65 volumes of buffer solution prepared by mixing 2.2 ml of orthophosphoric acid to 1000 ml with water, adjusted to pH 3.0 with triethylamine in 35:65 ratio with a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. From the results, it was clear that designed formulations among f7 displayed drug release in the range of 55.66% to 102.067% in 10 min, which showed improved invitro dissolution rate compared to other formulations as well as others parameters were found to be good as compared to other formulations. Similarly, the average content of formulation f7 was found to be 104.58% and Related substances should comply the test. Assays of f7 were found to be 96.04%, the limit is 90% - 110% of the label claim having weight variation range from 82.50 mg-91.50 mg.
epose And flim coated Tolterodine tartrate tablets having friability, thickness, hardness, weight variation, invitro dissolution
Is the Study of Social Culture Making a Difference in the Implementation of Business Strategy in International Organizations? - A Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFThe search for results and its interface with culture, with the adaptation to the transition of customs and technological innovations generate impacts on social factors. The diversity of cultures in work occupations and their association with group culture is a gap to be observed. As a result of this trend, it was observed the need to understand the studies carried out within a chronological approach, which brought the need to perform a bibliometric analysis. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the scenario of research carried out to understand the transition of culture within the strategic decision-making processes in multinational companies and its deployment through the projects in the different layers of these organizations due to the changes brought by technological advances as in special connectivity in the last 30 years referenced in the creation of the World Wide Web. For this purpose, bibliometrics was made with the keywords “Cultur*” and Boolean intersections “AND” for “business strateg*” OR “project portfolio management” OR "multinational compan*" consolidated into two different research bases. Through tools of analysis by specific statistical software can be highlighted as the main research outputs: the search for the subject and the importance of the theme, the focus on obtaining financial return based on performance; the base concentration on research with more than 20 years of publication linked to the companies\u27 difficulty in the interaction of Culture with the transition of generations associated with customs and new technology; the concentration of research in know-how countries linked to the top-down management approach; and the factors of interaction between the internal culture of the organization and the local cultures of the groups in the countries of operation of these companies with the association of a top-down management communication line
Business Intelligence’s Contribution to Decision Making Processes – An Empirical
Get PDFThe function of information and its management technologies in decision-making processes has undergone constant evolution over time, aligned with the strategic goals of organizations, leading the company to its objectives, united efforts, internal and external measures for its fulfillment. This study aims to identify the contribution of business intelligence in the distribution of information in a strategic way, in decision-making processes within companies. The methodology is presented as a qualitative exploratory research using bibliographic procedures, using a multiple case study strategy, with data collection processes through semi-structured interviews with employees of medium and large companies. size of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which adopt business intelligence solutions and software in their corporate activity and data analysis is done through content analysis. The research highlights business intelligence as a tool for distributing information strategically in decision-making processes within companies
Stability Validation: Righting Moment, Density & List Angle of Floating Objects
Get PDFFinite Element modelling of floating structure for the sake of stress analysis has never been an easy task due to various numbers of factors involved in such structures and the nature of finite element simulations. Typically, if using ‘ALE’ (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) feature available in LS-DYNA3D explicit code, the floating object will have to float in a fluid \u27half-space\u27 of a size which will best represent the effects of the pseudo-infinite sea. The boundaries will need careful consideration, and perhaps employ non-reflecting (energy absorbing) representation. In this representation which will be employed in this paper a study of buoyancy is conducted for verification purposes for modelling afloat. Discussed in this paper is the mathematical verification of the buoyancy of a float, while modelling with LS-DYNA3D features is left to further consideration
Input File for Modelling Floating Wind Turbine for Dynamic Structural Analysis
Get PDFOne of the complicated analyses problems in structural analysis is the floating wind converter, in this paper the preprocessor of LS-DYNA3D namely, FEMB28 is used in formulating the float geometry and preparing the input file ready to be exported the solver or processor for analysis. Keen methodology is followed in geometrical meshing, material, and contact boundary conditions, all precautions in model creation are detailed. The paper tend to investigate the power of the LSDYNA3D finite element code to model such complicated structure working in an extremely harsh environmental severe loading conditions, therefore the code robustness and capability to handle stress analysis for such dynamic structures
A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to Queue Management and Revenue Maximization in Multi-Tier 5G Wireless Networks
Get PDFIt is envisioned that 5G systems will increasingly leverage on the network slicing concept to meet the demand of diverse services, each tailored for specific user requirements. In this context, slice admission algorithms that admit slices to the system, that optimize a given objective while ensuring the efficient allocation of resources, are required. Reinforcement learning has been used successfully to implement optimal slice admission policies. But as the 5G wireless network becomes more extensive and intricate, the state and action spaces become large. The efficiency and convergence of reinforcement learning slice admission algorithms is negatively impacted in such a scenario. To improve on this, deep reinforcement learning, a combination of reinforcement learning and deep learning, has been adopted. In this paper, a Deep Q-Learning slice admission algorithm is designed; to this end a utility, was developed. Results show that using the utility as a maximization objective enabled the designed algorithm to (i) optimize the infrastructure provider’s revenue while (ii) providing queue management, in terms of queue length and queue delay