American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)
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Novated Procurement: Saudi Aramco Experience
Get PDFSaudi Arabian Oil Company (Saudi Aramco), the world’s leading energy company, offers new thinking, new approaches, and new solutions for the future of energy. This short article provides insights into the novated procurement process and the experience of Saudi Aramco in using novated purchase orders to procure long lead materials and critical equipment for its mega projects. This paper also sheds some light on the Saudi Aramco’s Capital Management System (CMS), the concept of novated procurement along with the main activities involved in the novated procurement, and concludes with key considerations, and risk mitigation
Automated System that Monitors and Controls the pH and Electrical Conductivity of a Closed-Hydroponic Setup
Get PDFThe Automated Closed Hydroponics System relates to a system that monitors the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution. It is constructed to modify and optimize the conventional hydroponic system as determined through its specific operational requirements to utilize the system safely and profitably. The modules are electronically integrated into the system that continuously monitors the pH level and the EC level of the nutrient solution and automatically adjusts its content to the proper range suitable for the plant used. The developed system lessens human involvement, and in turn, eliminates human error while keeping expenses at a minimum and ensuring yield at maximum. This article discusses the operation of the system which consists of the reservoirs for the dispensing of acid, base, nutrient solution, and water, with its necessary valves, motors, hose, and flow regulators; level sensors installed to the reservoirs to monitor the refilling requirement and operational conditions; pH monitoring and control; electrical conductivity (EC) monitoring and control; and, the nutrient uptake analysis to illustrate the plant nutritional status verifying that the plants were taking up the nutrient balance they require when the pH and EC are on their respective exact levels. The automation in the hydroponic system results in a more balanced culture, creating healthier and more homogeneous leaves
Integrative Review of Non-Financial Indicators Resulting from Social Innovation in Productive Chains
Get PDFIn the literature there is no consensus on the definition of social innovation, its dimensions and causal relationships. The development of indicators becomes complex because the empirical research activity confronts concepts that differ paradoxically from metrics. This work contributes to discussion by offering an integrative review of non-financial indicators applied to productive chains with the objective of measuring social innovation activities, at the level of their links. The method used in the research was the integrative review in the periodicals Web of Science and Crossref databases, from June 2017 to June 2018. The main findings are that the models analyzed promote the organizational level as the appropriate level to measure social innovation activities. Despite these limitations, this work contributes to the field of measuring social innovation in three areas: (a) modeling a system (b) offering a mapping of organizational competencies and (c) based on this mapping, the model contributes to the Conception of specific incentives for the development of organizational competencies for the promotion of social innovations. The need to conceptually and empirically test the model in different socioeconomic environments to stabilize a social innovation monitor was observed
Rational Use of Medication in Pregnant Women
Get PDFIntroduction: the use of medication in pregnancy is a worldwide health challenge, since it can cause complications for both the pregnant woman and the fetus, and this risk is potentially increased in the first gestational trimester. Objectives: The objective of this article is to conduct a literature review on the rational use of medication in pregnant women. Materials and methods: The articles published from 2013 to 2019 in Portuguese - Brazil were used for the development of this literature review through an electronic search in the platforms: SCIELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online and Google Academic. Results and Discussion: 14 articles were analyzed, which showed a reflection on the effects of the use of drugs during pregnancy, where the perceptions of the authors were divergent, between the certainty that everything is harmful or everything is beneficial. Conclusion: Great variations were observed regarding the use of medication, in the same way, that the need for intervention promoting an increase in the rational use of medication is evident
Associations Between Building Information Modelling (BIM) Data and Big Data Attributes
Get PDFThere is a considerable effort to create and leverage digital data as the construction industry today relatively adopts innovative work processes. Among the innovative work processes getting traction these days, Building Information Modelling or BIM sits at the backbone of the industry\u27s digital strategy with the capability to create a huge volume of digital data. Unveiling, the huge volume of digital data created by BIM processes could pave the way to leap the industry further. Big data is useful in this regard as a platform to derive potential insights from the accumulation of BIM digital data. Despite, a review carried out to understand the connection between BIM data and big data attributes suggests that the linkage between these domains is scantily mapped. Hence, a systematic mapping of these two domains is needed as a precursor for future research to establish the relationship between BIM data creation and big data progression. Using a systematic mapping approach, this paper aims to present an outcome from the analysis carried out to map both BIM data and big data attributes. The mapping analysis evidently suggests a noticeable connection among the two domains, mostly in operation and maintenance while the least is in the specification
Foaming in Seawater Backpressure Tower
Get PDFAccording to the literature, a small to moderate amount of foaming usually takes place in cooling water systems. However, in this case study, foam was found to overflow the sidewall of the tower and reach the equipment of the plant located around the tower. In order to protect the sea life, the proposed solution is based on mechanical foam control. For a more efficient defoaming, we are proposing to increase the height of the sidewall of the tower by 2.1 m in order to avoid overflow and have enough time for the spray hollow cone nozzle to destroy the foam. A controlled amount of anti-foaming agents based on Silicone and Acrylate Copolymers could be added if any foam is remaining after the mechanical control
Industrial Maltodextrin Production and Impacts on Dryer and Product Performance
Get PDFMaltodextrins are products of partial hydrolysis of starch and have been widely used in many types of processed foods. They are classified according to the degree of hydrolysis of the starch and have several properties such as sweetness, solubility, and viscosity. It also consists of a product with wide applicability, such as energy supplements. The product density is very important, since its variability may not meet the specification of some customer companies. This causes problems in the storage of the final product, causing a possible safety risk in storage. The product will not be positioned on the pallets or there will be damage to the packaging due to due storage, generating financial losses or product returns. The decision to conduct current research on maltodextrin quality control has matured after realizing that the final density has an impact on storage and on the customers’ satisfaction. This work aims to verify the influence of spray drying parameters on the apparent density of maltodextrin in six batches. After the evaluation, it was identified that the vacuum variation in the spray dryer caused deviations in the final product density. In addition, the mass and executive energy balance is calculated when drying the maltodextrin batches. The process losses and the thermal efficiency of the spray dryer were calculated in this study for future knowledge and actions. The glass transition temperature was evaluated in the spray dryer operating conditions and considerations were made for studies. The study showed that among the quantified parameters, the vacuum applied in the spray dryer that influenced the apparent density of maltodextrin and the operation of the dryer should operate with an average vacuum of 44 mmCa, since the other drying parameters presented similar values and, therefore, without influence on apparent density. The mean porosity of maltodextrin was 0.7018±0.017. According to manufacturer information (NIRO-GEA), the evaporation capacity is 1200.00 kg·h?¹ and the average of the evaporated water mass rate in the system is 876.66 kg·h?¹, which leads to the conclusion that the spray dryer was operating at 73% of the design capacity during the production phase.
The density of the liquor is 1310.62±2.81 kg·m?³. The mean mass rate of maltodextrin not recovered in the process calculated by mass balance is 269.53±122.90 kg·h?¹. The drying system showed an energy loss rate of 1,792,962 ± 55,349kJ·h?¹, which consists of a loss of 17%. The thermal efficiency of the system was 0.27±0.01, which means that 27% of the energy is used for drying the product. The value of the glass transition temperature (Tg) calculated for this drying system is between 150.0°C to 151.8°C, the output temperature of the dryer chamber between 106.12°C to 107°C and the air inlet temperature in the dryer between 192.08°C to 196.43°C. The internal operating temperature of the dryer is below the glass transition temperature of the final product. This makes it possible to classify the product as vitreous
Minerals Dissolution Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Synthetic Carbonatic Rocks under a Reactive Fluid Injection
Get PDFThis research aims to evaluate the change in the stiffness and shear strength of synthetic carbonate rocks submitted to a reactive injection fluid. Therefore, laboratory tests were carried out with two types of cemented carbonatic rock artificially produced. The synthetic rocks were subjected to physical characterization tests (mineralogy, computed tomography, porosity, etc.) and mechanical characterization (uniaxial compressive strength and Brazilian tests) before and after the dissolution process to assess any changes in the samples. The dissolution test was performed in a modified oedometer cell, which allowed for measurements of horizontal displacements. The loading and dissolution phases were conducted using water and an acid solution to evaluate the influence of pH on their initial characteristics of the samples. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the increase in maximum porosity by 57.8% and the increase in permeability were due to the dissolution of minerals. During dissolution, the horizontal stress increased linearly, and the maximum volumetric strain was 12.8%, owing to the loss of mass. This was also reflected in the mechanical characteristics since the samples lost about 72% of the strength after the dissolution with the acid solution. The study carried out in this paper helps explain and estimate changes on a micro-scale, that is, to understand how the dissolution of bonds between grains leads to macro-scale changes, such as the loss of mechanical strength causing irreversible damage to the rock
Yes, HCI Can Conciliate XBRL Financial Reporting Software and Their Users
Get PDFThis paper presents the results of a previously proposed research to mitigate the literature gap found between Human-Computer Interaction and Government to Government e-governance regarding the XBRL financial reporting area. This research conducted two usability and User eXperience evaluations with two different versions of an XBRL financial reporting software prototype. Initially the application provided XBRL knowledge abstraction and underwent HCI redesign to improve task efficiency. The results showed HCI design is a valid way to mitigate the XBRL knowledge required to elaborate XBRL financial reports problem, to improve XBRL financial reporting task efficiency, thus improving B2G and G2G e-Governance practices
Use of Renewable Energy Sources for Heat and Cooling Generation in Hospitals
Get PDFUse of sustainable energy sources is necessary for mitigating climate change that is the most important global environmental problem in our era. The use of renewable energies and low carbon emission technologies for heat and cooling generation in hospitals has been investigated. The existing literature has been reviewed and various successful applications worldwide have been identified although the current use of renewable energies in hospitals is rather limited. Solar energy, biomass and geothermal energy have been used so far providing heat and cooling in hospitals while they can cover part or all of their heat and cooling requirements. Their technologies are mature, reliable and cost efficient while their use results in many economic, environmental and social benefits. Taking into account that hospitals are large energy consumers the use of benign energy sources reduces significantly their carbon footprint contributing in climate change mitigation and in energy transition to low carbon economy. Our work indicates that the use of benign energy sources for heat and cooling generation in hospitals is beneficial and it should be promoted