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Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure (MAASP) Standards Calculations Study; a Field Case Study
No full textWell integrity failures may arise during the production phase of a well in a field. Those failures could create a Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP), a pressure that is measurable at the wellhead that can not be bled-off. SCP has to be addressed carefully to avoid any uncontrolled fluid flow to other formation or to surface. To maintain SCP value from degrading the other barrier integrity, the pressure threshold should be known and maintained for each annulus in a well. The maximum pressure threshold known as Maximum Allowable Annular Surface Pressure (MAASP).
This case study will calculate MAASP from three wells in X field using three known method as outlined in API RP90-2 and ISO 16530-1. API RP 90-2 define two methods in calculation MAASP (known as MAASP – Maximum Allowavle Wellhead Operating Pressure), Simple Derating Method (SDM) and Explicit Derating Method (EDM).
The result then compared and evaluted to know the differences, trend of MAASP for each methods, and create a generalization of MAASP/depth for field rule of thumb. For A annulus, the MAASP obtained using API RP90-2 SDM and EDM method is always greater than that obtained using the ISO 16530-1 method. However, for B annulus, the MAASP obtained using the API RP 90-2 SDM method varies, occasionally being greater or less than the ISO 16530-1 method. While in C annulus, the MAASP obtained using the API RP 90-2 SDM and EDM methods is always less than the ISO 16530-1 method. The MAASP/depth generalization will be presented for MAASP ISO 16530-1
Pressure Transient Analysis using Generated Simulation Reservoir Data for Dual Porosity Model of Naturally Fractured Reservoir
No full textA naturally fractured reservoir today plays a significant role in the improved worldwide oil and gas production. More than half of the resource is mostly found in this reservoir. In this reservoir, there are two porous media: the matrix, which serves as the fluid source, and the fractures, as the fluid network that flow to the wellbore. Many authors have done the researches of works in order to modelling this reservoir. There are two model are done in this study, such as Warren and Root model, where fluid flow mechanism matrix to fractures is known as pseudosteady-state flow and Kazemi-Gilman model is known as transient interporosity flow.
Reservoir Engineers generally utilize pressure transient analysis to determine this reservoir's characteristics. The purpose of this study is to assess whether it is feasible to incorporate the parameters from the Pressure Transient analysis using a synthesis simulation model. It also aims to observe how reservoir parameters behave in relation to the characteristics of naturally fractured reservoirs by utilizing various values for porosity, permeability, and fracture spacing
Analysis of Liquid Loading and Sandness in Gas Wells A1, A2 And Their Correction with The Plunger Lift Method in Field B
No full textThe inability of the gas to lift liquid to the surface causes liquid to accumulate in the downhole, this event is called liquid loading, and sand deposits at the bottom of the well are caused to be swept away by the gas flow. If a well has liquid loading and sandification, well production will decrease and even the well will die. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out a predictive analysis of the well and a method to overcome the problem of liquid loading and sandiness using a plunger lift.Liquid loading is not always easy to identify, because the well is still producing significantly. The method used in the petroleum world to identify liquid loading is the "Turner et al" method. The plunger is a piston-type device that moves freely in the tubing and according to the inside diameter of the pipe, rising when the well pressure is sufficient to lift it and moving back down due to the force of gravity. The plunger lifting system uses gas pressure buildup in the well to lift the accumulated liquid column out of the well. The researcher conducted a liquid loading analysis on well A1 and well A2. From the results of the study it was identified that well A1 did not experience liquid loading, because the calculation results showed that the well's critical gas flow rate was 3.3 MMSCFPD which was less than the actual gas flow rate of 5 MMSCFPD. Well A2 is experiencing liquid loading, because the results of the calculation of the well's critical gas flow rate are 3.6 MMSCFPD, while the actual gas flow rate in the field is 3MMSCFPD.After removal of fluid and sand from the bottom of the well, the production rate of the A2 gas well increased to 5 MMSCFPD
Investigation of experimental study of biomass performance of wood pellets, palm shells, and rice husk in vacuum pressure gasification system
No full textThe development of biomass-based renewable energy has received extra momentum due to the petroleum/coal-based energy crisis and global warming. Vacuum suction gasification is capable of creating combustible, power-generating synthesis gas. In this vacuum suction gasification, palm shells biomass and wood pellets performed better than rice husks. The production of synthetic gas was stable. It ran for 6.5 hours straight for the ability of palm shells and wood pellets to maintain sustainable temperatures in the reactor to maintain the gasification reaction. Rice husk was not suitable for this type of gasification. It did not maintain a suitable temperature for the gasification reaction to perform well. Value of heat losses in the lining of the reactor was large, more than 2,000 watts which might be the factor that prevented the rice husk from running well. Water was sprayed onto biomass at the reactor’s input to increase its hydrogen content. Oil palm shells responded well to this treatment. It produced better syngas output sustainably. The wood pellet was not responded well to water spray. It crumbled into small pieces. Rice husk is not responded well either. Syngas produced by the reactor was burned and used to boil water. In this gasification system, palm shells and wood pellets had apparent heat values of 5.62 kW and 5.41 kW, respectively. The efficiency of palm shells and wood pellets results in performances of 29.20 percent and 29.96 percent, respectively
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI AMPAS TAHU DAN LIMBAH ROTI AFKIR YANG DIFERMENTASI SEBAGAI NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI MAGGOT (Hermetia illucens)
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of giving a combination of tofu pulp and fermented bread on the growth and production of maggots. The method used is a complete Randomized Design (RAL) 5 treatments with 3 tests, namely, P1: Tofu dregs (100%), P2: tofu dregs (75%) + afkir bread (25%), P3: tofu dregs (50%) + afkir bread (50%), P4: tofu dregs (25%) + afkir bread (75%) and P5: afkir bread (100%). The results of the study obtained the best combination of nutrients, namely P3with a weight growth of 0.236 gr and a length growth of 2.00 cm. From the results of the protein content test, the highest maggot protein at P5 was obtained at 43.09%. While the measurement of maggot media obtained a temperature of 34-40oC and a pH of 4.5-7
Effect of Quenching Medium and Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Hardness of JIS SUP 9 Steel: Pengaruh Media Pendingin dan Temperatur Tempering pada Mikrostruktur dan Kekerasan Baja JIS SUP 9
Get PDFJIS SUP 9 steel is one of the materials commonly used for suspension components in motorized vehicles with medium carbon steel base material. It must have good hardness and toughness so that failure does not occur during operational. This research was conducted to increase the hardness of JIS SUP 9 Steel through a heat treatment and various quenching media. The heat treatment was carried out with 830-880ºC temperature with a holding time of 7 minutes then cooled using water and oil. After treatment, tempering was carried out with a holding time of 7 minutes and then cooled in room temperature. Hardness testing was carried out using Microhardness Vickers and then the microstructure was observed using an Olympus Metallurgical Microscope. The results show that heat treatment followed by rapid cooling increases the initial hardness of JIS SUP 9 (229 VHN) steel. The decrease in hardness after the tempering process will be higher with increasing tempering temperature. The results of the microstructure of the sample without heat treatment showed pearlite and ferrite phases. After heat treatment, tempered martensite, residual austenite and carbide phases appear. It can be concluded that changes in the microstructure affect the hardness of JIS SUP 9 steel
Design & Development of a Screw Conveyor-Based Soybean Washing Machine for Tempeh Production
Get PDFSoybeans are one of the main ingredients for making tempeh. Most of the tempeh production businesses still use the traditional system of washing soybeans. Washing soybeans is still done manually using a washing drum filled with water and stirred by hand, thus draining the workforce. In the process of washing soybeans, there is still direct contact with parts of the human body, resulting in unhygienic soybeans. From these problems, the solution is to make a machine that can wash soybeans in tempeh production which aims to facilitate washing soybeans and produce clean and hygienic soybeans. The soybean washing machine process uses a screw conveyor system with an AC motor 1 phase 1 HP 1420 Rpm as a driving force and a DC 12 V 25 W water pump to drain water into the watering canal. The machine can wash 5 kg of soybeans for 10 seconds, and produces a motor rotation of 271.2 Rpm, voltage 229 V, current 2.58 A to produce clean and hygienic soybeans
Team Game Tournament (TGT)-type cooperative learning model: How does it affect the learning outcomes of football shooting?
Get PDFFootball shooting is a technique of kicking the ball towards the goal with the aim of obtaining winning numbers in a match. However, there are still many students who have difficulty shooting in football games. Therefore, it is necessary to have special treatment in order to get satisfactory shooting results in a game. This study aims to prove the effect of the team game tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model on the learning outcomes of shooting football. In this study, the type of experiment used was a pretest and posttest for one group. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-A at SMP Negeri 2 in the 2022–2023 academic year. In this study, saturated sampling technique was used, so 31 students were obtained as samples. Data analysis in this study was assisted by using the SPSS Version 26 application. This study obtained a significance value of 0.000 0.05, and based on these results, the team game tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of basketball shooting. The conclusion is that the TGT type cooperative learning model treatment has a significant effect on shooting learning outcomes, so these results can be applied to improve learning outcomes in shooting football games. The results of this study provide additional references for sports teachers and sports practitioners related to the TGT type cooperative learning model so that this model can be applied in physical education learning, especially the shooting material of soccer games.
 
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN CONSTRUCT 2 DENGAN PENDEKATAN SCAFFOLDING PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Get PDFTujuan penelitian ini ialah guna pengembangan media pembelajaran menggunakan Construct 2 dengan pendekatan scaffolding pada materi laju reaksi yang tekriteria praktis, valid serta unik. Jenis penelitian ini ialah R&D memakai langkah 1-5 model peningkatan Borg & Gall: (1) pengkajian serta penghimpunan data (2) perangkaian, (3) perkembangan produk, (4) percobaan produk awal, serta(5) perbaikan produk. Pengkajian dilaksanakan terhadap semester ganjil tahun ajaran 2022/2023 di MAN 1 Pekanbaru kelas XII IPA. Instrumen penghimpunan data yang dipakai seperti angket uji praktikalitas, uji validitas serta uji respon siswa. Perolehan uji validitas ahli materi serta media didapat nilai sejumlah 91,19% (sangat valid). Uji praktikalitas guru didapat nilai sejumlah 93,42% (sangat praktis) serta uji respon siswa didapat nilai sejumlah 89,70% (sangat menarik)
Pelatihan Siswa MI Dalam Menggunakan The Power of Bottle Cap Untuk Operasi Hitung
Get PDFClass V mathematics learning includes addition and subtraction of integers. Especially for mathematics in elementary schools, mathematics is useful for equipping students with critical and creative attitudes. Mathematical concepts which are always abstract are presented with concrete and then semi-concrete things which then lead to the abstraction. Problems that arise in the integer system for class V students, especially at MI Al Hikmah Janti Jogoroto Jombang, are when students will perform arithmetic operations such as: 4 + (-7); -6 + 9; -3 – (-6); 2 – 7 and so on. The problems that arise in relation to these questions are how to provide explanations and how to instill the understanding of integer operations in a concrete way. The power of bottle cap is a simple visual aid that can be interesting, fun and inspire students in the learning process. The implementation stage of this service is to provide motivation and assistance in demonstrating the media. The result is training on the use of The power of bottle cap as a teaching aid to simplify arithmetic operations on integers. Students can understand the addition of integers quickly. The students were enthusiastic about using The power of bottle cap props and exploring the props with various types of questions.