Les Editions IMODEV (Institut du Monde et du Développement pour la Bonne Gouvernance Publique)
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L’ambition individualiste de l’autodétermination informationnelle
Get PDF[extract] La doctrine de « Gouvernement ouvert » vise à promouvoir une gouvernance favorisant la transparence et la responsabilisation des gouvernants ainsi que la possibilité aux gouvernés de contrôler, superviser et prendre part aux décisions. Cette doctrine a comme essence un plus large mouvement d’encapacitation (« empowerment » ou « agency ») des citoyens
The New Theories on Business Judicial Reorganization in the Brazilian System
Get PDF[extract] The Brazilian Legislation on bankruptcy is inspired on the US Bankruptcy Code when it comes to business reorganization. It is important to note, however, that the legislations are not the same, but the Brazilian legislators have looked to the same principles of the Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code to build the Brazilian Business Reorganization in 2005, in order to create in a similar way some important institutes like the stay period, the plan of reorganization and the creditors meeting, among others.A general overview of the insolvency systems around the world shows us that before the US Bankruptcy Code of 1978 with the amendments of 1984 and 2005 there were only two insolvency models: creditor oriented legislations and debtor oriented legislations
L’altération des droits des créanciers
Get PDF[extract] Le droit français des procédures collectives a connu une révolution copernicienne. D’un droit soucieux de préserver les intérêts des créanciers victimes de la défaillance de leur débiteur, et dont la dénomination de droit des « faillites » résonnait comme une injure dans l’imagination populaire, la France est passée à un droit des « entreprises en difficulté » dont l’ambition est de sauver les entreprises, fût-ce au prix du sacrifice des créanciers. La bienveillance du législateur français se manifeste également à l’endroit des entreprises dont les plaies ne peuvent plus être pansées, par la consécration d’un doit à l’échec dont on veut croire qu’il fournira au débiteur les conditions d’un nouveau départ. L’humiliation des créanciers se fait sous le regard d’un législateur leibnizien qui se persuade que tout est bien dans le meilleur des mondes possibles
Sharing economy, sharing information. Are open data addressing us towards a new wikieconomy?
Get PDF[extract] Analysis of the economy is currently based on many tools and features provided by the digital world, and the transmission of data has become increasingly easy thanks to digitalization. These transmissions of information, as well as the storage and processing of information, now affects almost all interactions and transactions of individuals and organizations. As a consequence, organizational systems and institution that control society can use sophisticated tools for analyzing individual and collective behavior, and businesses offering goods and services have unprecedented opportunities to steer consumers' behaviors.At the same time, Web 2.0 has made all interactions and conversations concerning “new media “potentially relevant for shaping marketing offers and sales promotions. But, in order to function in the context of social networks and blogs, advertising must be based on information and connected to knowledge about phenomena and events of everyday life. These facts make it difficult to precisely define the boundary between advertising, business information, public relations and objective information. It is possible for unconventional marketing, based on spontaneous word of mouth and on viral news spreading on the Internet, to make people aware of what is happening in the world and by enabling them to interpret reality and events.On the other hand, new rules have developed within the digital economy which provide previously unforeseen opportunities to individuals and social actors. One of the main innovations of the last few years has been the rapid spread of new economical paradigms that seem to challenge classical market dynamics. The economical relevance of services has greatly increased in relation to the prior industrial economy, and services are strongly affected by the relational aspects between producers and consumers. At the same time, new technologies, especially Web 2.0 technologies have greatly expanded communications possibilities and interactions between individuals, and has generated a new type of business involving the sharing of resources that are transformed into services which are directly offered to potential consumers, without intermediaries. This dynamic is based on the use of computing platforms that allow direct connections between producers and consumers, or supply and demand. This essay is aimed at exploring these issues and outlining some guidance for using open data as an opportunity for self-enhancement
Des enjeux du changement climatique à l'ouverture des données ; De l'ouverture des données aux enjeux du changement climatique : Le droit de vivre dans un environnement sain à l'ère des gouvernements ouverts
Get PDFelon l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé, «le changement climatique représente la plus grande menace pour la santé au XXI siècle» . Or, l’un des enjeux en matière de changement climatique résulte de l’accès aux informations relatives à ces questions. Il s’agit par exemple de permettre aux scientifiques de mener à bien leurs travaux en matière de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique; d’informer les citoyens et les gouvernants pour les inciter à adopter les bonnes pratiques ou encore de favoriser le contrôle des organisations non gouvernementales et de la société civile sur pratiques environnementales et industrielles qui sont menées dans le monde. Traiter de l’impact de la transparence sur les enjeux climatiques internationaux sonne par conséquent comme une évidence. Les solutions à cette problématique le sont peut-être moins, mais il ne fait aucun doute qu’organiser un colloque sur cette thématique s’imposait dans le cadre de la Conférence des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques dite COP 21. Le choix de ce sujet ne se justifie pas seulement par l’importance des enjeux qu’il comporte. Il s’explique aussi par la relation étroite qui existe entre la problématique de transparence de l’information et celle de l’environnement. Les premiers textes sur l’accès à l’information publique ont d’abord concerné les questions environnementales, qui elles-mêmes ont une incidence sur le climat.
The Useful Open Government Researcher
Get PDF[extract] Much has changed since I was first invited to give this talk. Some of the assumptions we’ve made have been turned upside down and each day brings with it surprises, including in our host country, France.In these times of fake news, referendums, and so-called “post-truth politics” I want to make sure we know that we are working towards a common goal, in moving to more effective, responsive government and a more engaged public, whether that is through openness or other means. With the challenges of today’s world, I am left with two requests for you.The first request is about the questions we ask and the evidence we pursue.The second is about the theory we develop and how it can help to paint a vision or draw a roadmap to more open, pluralistic societies
Droit d’accès & open government au Mexique
Get PDF[extract] Le droit à la liberté d’expression et son indissociable corollaire, la liberté d’information, constituent des prérequis indispensables à l’établissement et au maintien de ces principes dans toute construction ou transition démocratique. Il se fonde sur l’Article 19 de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme qui garantit à tous « le droit de chercher, de recevoir et de répandre les informations et les idées par quelque moyen que ce soit ». Être en mesure d’accéder à l’information publique est en effet un élément essentiel de la bonne gouvernance et l’un des aspects qui permet d’évaluer la gestion démocratique et l’ouverture d’une société à la participation des citoyens. L’accès à l’information permet aux citoyens d’évaluer les actions de leurs institutions et gouvernements ; il constitue la base pour un débat éclairé
President Obama’s Open Government Initiative
Get PDFWhen he was elected in 2008, President Barack Obama promised that his administration would be more open and transparent than any previous administration. His so-called “open government initiative” involved a pledge to develop better data release technology (to facilitate the communication of information), make more information available to the public through federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), and create an enabling policy framework for open government.Of course, the Obama open government initiative was not the government’s first foray into the realm of openness or transparency. FOIA, enacted in 1966, the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) enacted in 1972, and the Government in the Sunshine Act enacted in 1976, all involved governmental efforts at openness and transparency. Throughout all of these reform efforts, there has been tension between the public’ interest in obtaining information regarding the functioning of government, and the government’s desire to preserve the secrecy of its operations. Few doubt that the government has a legitimate interest in withholding certain types of information (e.g., state secrets or information vital to foreign relations). Indeed, the United States Constitution explicitly protects certain types of information, and the United States Supreme Court has affirmed the need for secrecy and confidentiality in certain contexts. On the other hand, in a democratic system, in which the people must vote on issues and candidates, openness and transparency help voters obtain the information necessary to make informed decisions. President Obama’s initiative was premised on idea that prior statutes had not gone far enough towards openness or transparency, and sought to alter the balance away from secrecy and towards disclosure
‘Humanizing’ Disability Law: Citizen Participation in the Development of Accessibility Regulations in Canada
Get PDFOntario is attempting a new politico-legal experiment to combat disability discrimination. Through consultation processes leading to binding regulations, it is enacting mandatory standards of accessibility under the Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005 (AODA). The AODA creates an antidiscrimination regulatory process designed to offer participatory rights to persons with disabilities and other interested stakeholders in the development of accessibility standards. The standards address social areas such as customer service, employment, and information and communication, and aim to break down a host of barriers including architectural and attitudinal ones. Collaborative standard development is a new and proactive approach to addressing disability barriers in society. Consultation with citizens to create accessibility standards is a trend that is now being picked up by other provincial governments across Canada and which is currently garnering interest in other countries. But, how well does it work? Using the theoretical framework created by Cass Sunstein in his most recent work, Valuing Life: Humanizing the Regulatory State, this paper argues that the Canadian regulatory legislation and consultative processes succeed, to varying degrees, in: i) capturing qualitatively diverse goods and promoting sensible trade-offs among them, ii) taking account of values that are difficult or impossible to quantify, and iii) attempting to benefit from the dispersed information of a wide variety of human beings. At the same time, however, unlike Sunstein this paper argues for an approach to humanizing the regulatory process that does not necessarily depend on monetary valuation. Instead, in order to foster disciplinary analysis instead of intuition, further dialogue on points that need clarification is more appropriate and respectful in the context of regulating for the equality rights of persons with disabilities. This evaluation of Canadian regulation is offered in an attempt to fill a gap in the literature relating to how consultation processes of accessibility standards might be evaluated for their effectiveness
Case Management as an aspect of public administration subjected to the constitutional principle of efficiency: The new democratic management of insolvency proceedings method
No full text[extract] The public administration, in Brazil, is divided into three different branches: executive, legislative and judiciary. The main function of the judiciary branch is to solve disputes between people, entities, governmental agencies etc. According to the law, there is a proceeding in which the parties may have the opportunity to show their rights and evidences, so the judge may render the final decision. The way the judge manages the case to get to the final result has a huge impact on the costs and on the efficiency of the Justice. So, it is possible to affirm that the case management is an important aspect of the public administration and the judge, during the proceeding, serves as a public affairs manager.The judge determines the fate of the parties during the judicial case. But beyond that, the judge also determines how the public resources and the assets of the parties will be used during the case and it may alter the ratio of cost to benefit of the case