Les Editions IMODEV (Institut du Monde et du Développement pour la Bonne Gouvernance Publique)
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Artificial Intelligence and Work – Building a New Employment Paradigm
Get PDFThis book is the result of the work done within the scope of the Innovation and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the School of Law of the University of Buenos Aires and the Public Prosecutor ́s Office of the City of Buenos Aires. Apart from promoting the development of the artificial intelligence Prometea, we will investigate and analyze the impact of artificial intelligence within the general interests of society, a project that takes place within the framework of a more extensive work linked to the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). We would like to thank and highlight the collaboration of Melisa Raban, Gustavo Sa Zeichen, Inés Iribarne, Julián Palumbo, Denise Ciraudo, Fiorella Vigo, Carina Papini, Antonella Stringhini, Victoria Vázquez and Estefanía Mullally. Also, we are very grateful to Matías Puig, for his work in the development and expansion of Prometea. To William Gilles and Irene Bouhadara, world references, for their work and dedication to encourage the relationship between ICT and human rights
The Obligation to Submit Income and Assets Declaration for Persons Holding Public Functions in Poland
Get PDFThe article applies to the obligation to submit asset declarations by persons wh perform public functions in Poland and social concerns that arise from the draft of the new law on transparency of public life. The new draft bill has raised much controversy as to the scope of subjects obliged to submit asset declarations. There is no doubt that transparency in the public life of democratic countries is an indispensable standard. Persons performing public functions must reckon with the fact that their right to privacy will be limited. However, limiting this right to persons who do not perform such functions should be considered constitutionally unacceptable. Therefore, the legislator should in each case indicate the criteria according to which he chooses persons obliged to submit asset declaration
Procedural Legal Transactions in Judicial Reorganization
Get PDF[extract] On March, 2016, Law 13.105 / 2015, the so-called “New Code of Civil Procedure” came into force in Brazil, with the purpose of promoting a speedier, fairer, and more effective procedure, aiming to attend to social needs with the reduction of the “complexity” of procedural rules.The simplification of the procedure itself, therefore, allows the judge to pay more attention to the merits of the cause, changing the mentality of the Brazilian jurist, so that he gives attention mainly to the merits and effectiveness of the lawsuits
U.S. Cybersurveillance in the Post-Snowden Era
Get PDF[extract] In 2013, Edward Snowden revealed to the public that the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) was operating a massive, secret, cybersurveillance operation, thereby touching off a national debate regarding the permissibility and desirability of the NSA program. In the ensuing years, both Congress and the American public debated fundamental issues regarding the relationship between the citizen and the government. Entwined up in these debates were issues relating to national security, especially the need to detect and apprehend potential terrorists, against the citizenry’s interest in privacy against governmental surveillance and intrusion.Now that five years have passed since the Snowden disclosures, it is appropriate to reflect on how these societal debates have played out. In the interim, much has happened. In addition to the congressional and societal debates regarding whether government should be conducting such an operation, there have been efforts to litigate regarding the permissibility of that program. Further, the U.S. Congress has voted twice on the extent to which governmental cyber-surveillance should be allowed to continue. This article analyzes how Congress and the American people have responded to the Snowden revelations
The Right of Access to Information at the Inter-American Court fo Human Rights
Get PDF[extract] The Inter-American System for the protection of human rights is one of the world’s three regional human rights systems and it is responsible for monitoring and ensuring the implementation of human rights guarantees in the 35 independent countries of the Americas that are members of the Organization of American States (henceforth, OAS).In particular, the Inter-American System is composed of two bodies: a) the Inter-American Commission of Human Rights, and b) the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. The Commission is responsible for the promotion and protection of human rights, while the Court produces advisory opinions on issues pertaining to the interpretation of the Inter-American instruments at the request of an OAS Member State.The Inter-American Court’s jurisdiction is twofold: a) a contentious jurisdiction, within which these types of cases are resolved with, providing the necessary provisions as well as the mechanism to monitor their own judgments; and b) an advisory opinion.In the Inter-American system, the interconnection between access to public information and democracy has been highlighted in several ways in recent years. There have been many resolutions of the General Assemblies of the Organization of American States (OAS) on the importance of access to public information and the need for its protection
Transparency of Government and War Against Corruption
Get PDF[extract] The transparency of government activities is one of the most effective tools in preventing and combating corruption. Various events in different parts of the globe, indicate the need for effective measures in order to control and make transparent the services provided by the Government. Some places, like Italy, for example, had the best success in the fight against corruption, using legal measures. In Brazil, due to its lack of transparency, by means of various clandestine relations between governmental and private institutions, generated several illicit activities and a corrupt system that never had seen before. Therefore, it is clear that the actions of all sectors of the Government must be more transparent and visible, not only to satisfy the population, but also to prevent malfeasance and reprehensible conducts
Artificial Intelligence, Threats, Challenges and Opportunities - Prometea, the First Predictive Artificial Intelligence at the Service of Justice is Argentinian
Get PDF[extract] Towards the end of this second decade of the XXI century, technological advances are transforming science fiction into reality. Until a few years ago, it was utopian for the following questions to become a challenge for the legal systems: Who’s responsible for the consequences of intelligent machine functioning (autonomous vehicles, amongst others)? How can we guarantee the human auto-determination in the artificial intelligence era? How is it possible to “program” the artificial intelligence in order to be able to include a legal and ethical approach? Is it feasible to consider the access to artificial intelligence as a right? How can we avoid artificial intelligence from worsening the inequalities between people? The answers to these questions demand a transcendent effort to rethink and innovate about the challenges of the new revolution that new that we are going through.During the last three centuries, three major industrial revolutions are usually mentioned. The first one related to the development of railroads and the steam engine in order to mechanize production. The second one related to electrical energy and the assembly line to develop mass production. The third revolution revolves around the emergence of electronics computers and the information technology to automate production. We are currently undergoing a new revolution that is linked to several phenomena (nanotechnology, biotechnology, robotics, internet of things, 3D printing). The most disruptive phenomenon is the development of artificial intelligence (hereinafter also AI), that is presented as an innovation connected to the technological advances pertaining to information and data processing (also in this area there are other inventions from the last century such as computers, internet, the world wide web – www- search engines, and others that can be mentioned). The epicenter of the “Fourth Industrial Revolution” is the exponential increase of two factors; the storage capacity and processing speed of the information and data
L’état des initiatives d’administration électronique en République Démocratique du Congo (1940-2018)
Get PDF[extract] L’une manière générale, l’administration électronique, dite e-administration ou gouvernement électronique, concerne l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication par les administrations et les collectivités publiques dans le but de rendre les services publics plus accessibles à leurs usagers et d’en améliorer le fonctionnement interne. L’informatisation et l’interconnexion de l’appareil de l’État en sont une illustration, de même que les facilités d’accès à distance aux services publics et aux données publiques par les administrés.En République démocratique du Congo (RDC), les expériences d’e-administration révèlent des bases trentenaires d’une politique publique, pionnière, centralisée et planifiée (§ 1). À l’épreuve du temps, plusieurs initiatives sectorielles de gouvernement électronique ont vu le jour de manière polycentrique, malgré la volonté manifeste de coordination du gouvernement central pour l’informatisation de ses services publics (§ 2). Toutefois, des lignes futures d’e-administration sont à esquisser autour du paradigme de succès que représente la réforme du journal officiel (JO RDC), rénové en une e-administration fonctionnelle (§ 3)
L’État des données : Le passage à l’État post‑gouvernement ouvert sous l’impulsion de la société des données
Get PDF[extract] Après avoir réfléchi sur l’éthique des gouvernements ouverts et l’affirmation de ces derniers, nous entamons un deuxième axe de réflexion à travers ce que nous souhaitons qualifier de « Gouvernement des données » et d’État des données ». Cette réflexion revient à analyser le dernier palier de l’évolution de l’administration sous l’influence de la révolution informatique. Il s’agit aussi de réfléchir à la manière dont les gouvernements appréhendent la 4e Révolution industrielle. Il nous semble en effet que nous avons dépassé la 3eRévolution industrielle pour entrer dans la suivante, dans la continuité du cycle de révolutions que nous connaissons depuis trois siècles.La Première révolution industrielle a transformé la société au XVIIIe siècle avec la mécanisation de la production, l’apparition de la machine à vapeur, le développement de l’industrie textile et la métallurgie, puis au début du XIXe siècle, avec l’apparition des chemins de fer dès les années 1830.S’appuyant sur le recours à de nouvelles sources d’énergie (électricité, gaz et pétrole), la Seconde révolution industrielle, qui apparaît à la fin du XIXe siècle, conduit à la rationalisation du travail avec le développement d’emplois dans la sidérurgie, la chimie ou encore l’automobile, le Taylorisme et le Fordisme contribuant par ailleurs à augmenter la productivité des travailleurs.Une nouvelle évolution intervient avec le développement de l’électronique, de l’informatique et du nucléaire qui nourrit la Troisième révolution industrielle. Celle-ci a commencé à prendre forme après la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec le développement des premiers ordinateurs et la création d’Arpanet à la fin des années 1960, avant de gagner en consistance avec la démocratisation de l’informatique dans les années 1980, la création puis le développement d’Internet dans les années 1990 à 2000
Conflict of Norms in the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law
Get PDF[extract] In 2005, Brazil implemented a new Bankruptcy Law (Law No. 11.101, dated February 9, 2005), modeled largely after the Title 11 of the United States Code, also known as the United States Bankruptcy Code.The current Brazilian system provides three alternatives for insolvent legal entities: (i) judicial reorganization, a court-supervised reorganization proceeding; (ii) bankruptcy, a court-supervised liquidation proceeding; and (iii) extrajudicial reorganization, an out-of-court reorganization proceeding.The possibility of recovery of an activity momentarily in crisis, with the possibility of implementing a corporate restructuring plan, renegotiation of liabilities with creditors and business continuity was undoubtedly the innovative point of the Law.Unfortunately, the Brazilian Bankruptcy Law embodies within itself serious contradictions – legal antinomies – which prevent the fulfillment of the objective of the Law. One of the most serious antinomies is the conflict between Article 47 and Article 49, Paragraph 3. This antinomy has the potential to impair the judicial recovery of the economically viable company. For this reason, this antinomy must be widely discussed, as well as the cause and the nature of this conflict of norms