Les Editions IMODEV (Institut du Monde et du Développement pour la Bonne Gouvernance Publique)
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    177 research outputs found

    Model of Regulation for the protection of water resources

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    [extract] Water is a fundamental resource for the birth and development of human civilization.Ernst Kapp classified the great ancient civilizations by assuming water as a taxonomic criterion, distinguishing three types of civilization: the potamic, the thalassic and the oceanic cultures.In the same sense, Carl Schmitt had elaborated a contrast between terrestrial civilizations and oceanic civilizations, assuming water as the foundation of every civilization.Nowadays the distribution of water is unbalanced: the resource is in continuous contraction and the indiscriminate use of the resource combined with climate change will increase the imbalances. It is calculated that within the terrestrial hydrosphere, fresh water constitutes about 2.5%, and no more than 0.26% overall can be used for human purposes, the remaining quantity being constituted by the Antarctic ice.According to the 2015 edition of the World Water Development of the United Nations, by 2030 is expected a 40% drop in water availability, unless the management and the use of this resource improve by then.The idea of a right to water, as a constitutionally protected value and as a guaranteed essential common good, is one of the fundamental problems of the 21st century.In the European law system, there are many problems concerning the use of water: for example, the various forms of pollution that threaten rivers, lakes and underground waterways or the various uses of water resources

    The Right to Liberty of Persons with Disabilities From the Statute of Persons with Disabilities

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    [extract] From the most remote Western civilizations, the disabled person has always been marginalized in society under the stigma of inferiority. This reality, however, has been suffering from the impacts of a worldwide trend towards the promotion of its social inclusion, especially in the last decades.This work aims to analyze this social phenomenon, with an emphasis on the right of freedom of the disabled, in their legal-normative perspective. Given the repercussion of recent legislative innovations in numerous spheres of action of the individual, this theme is relevant and requires more in-depth reflection from the operators of the Law. In addition, statistical data reveal that this social segment corresponds to a significant percentage of the Brazilian population - 23.9% (twenty-three point nine percent) have some type of physical disability and 8.3% (eight point three percent) presents a severe deficiency - which claims the state and society at large - which seeks to be guided by the supreme values of freedom, security, well-being, development, equality and justice in a context of fraternity, pluralism and absence of prejudice - special attention.After delimiting the concept of handicapped, we will make a brief historical retrospect of the social insertion of the disabled person, from antiquity to the present.Next, we will approach the notions of autonomy and human dignity as guidelines of the legal rule and, subsequently, the freedom of the disabled, in light of Brazilian legislation, specifically Law 13,146, of July 6, 2015 Deficiency.The available jurisprudential collection is very small, thus the research will be supported predominantly by a bibliographical and normative one, by reading scientific works and articles published in national and international journals, that directly or indirectly face the proposed issues.Without intending to exhaust the subject, we will discuss the right of liberty of the disabled person from an eminently normative perspective, with the aim of contributing to the debate on the scope of the legislation of regency

    Artificial Intelligence Applied To The Legal Proceedings: The Brazilian Experience

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    [extract] Artificial intelligence applied to the legal proceedings is able to facilitate the processing of these proceedings and allows the verification of data and information more quickly and effectively. This technology applied to the judicial system ensures greater agility in the processing of proceedings through the mechanization of some tasks previously performed by public servants, which meant more time. In addition to the mechanization procedures performed by people, the artificial intelligence applied to the legal proceedings also ensures the verification of data, providing greater security with respect to the information provided in the proceedings. One of the ways artificial intelligence does this is by reading and verifying documents that are in the proceedings, pointing out possible fraudulent documents. This not only facilitates defense, it also prevents the filing of new claims. On the other hand, artificial intelligence applied to the legal proceedings guarantees the digital processing of these procedures, allowing greater access to Justice for the population, increasing access to information and consequently to decisions rendered by the Judiciary, ensuring greater control by citizens of the acts executed by the Public Power, in the judicial sphere

    Faut-il réguler le Net ? Quelques réponses constitutionnelles du domaine de la régulation et du fédéralisme américain

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    Bien que depuis une bonne cinquantaine d’années, les télécommunications commencent à attirer l’attention du droit constitutionnel américain dans le but de faciliter les échanges entre individus (sur la base du premier amendement de la Constitution), les Européens n’ont pas cessé d’estimer que la régulation du numérique devait rester attachée fondamentalement à la souveraineté nationale. Dans un second temps, ils ont mis en exergue d’autres principes, tels la liberté d’expression et le secret des communications privées. Dépassée par la vitesse des changements technologiques face à la lenteur inhérente au processus de création et d’interprétation normative, toute possible régulation constitutionnelle des médias semblait se cantonner, selon une perspective assez consensuelle chez les Européens, entre communication publique (associée à la notion des libertés publiques) et communication privée (en regard du droit au respect de la vie privée).Sans nous pencher sur les avantages ou les inconvénients de la tendance européenne par rapport à l’américaine, ou inversement, nous nous nous limiterons à explorer deux manifestations des nouvelles technologies aux États-Unis, susceptibles de contrôle normatif à partir d’instruments juridiques plutôt traditionnels, la régulation et le fédéralisme, car ces deux éléments présentent, à l’heure actuelle, des aspects susceptibles d’évolutions intéressantes. Concernant les deux instruments juridiques analysés ici, nous comprendrons comment l’intention commerciale des fournisseurs en faveur des « tarifs zéro » a fini par ouvrir le débat sur la neutralité du Net, avant d’évoquer d’autres tentatives de réguler Internet à partir des normes issues des Congrès locaux au sein des États de l’Union américaine. Il est donc important de commencer par situer le contexte des résistances des Américains eu égard de la régulation du numérique

    Proyecto de reforma al artículo 28 de la declaración universal de los derechos humanos – Nuestro derecho a ser informados

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    [extract] Esta colaboración, la integro con el texto de mi Conferencia presentada en la Universidad París 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne en la 3ª Jornada Académica sobre Gobierno Abierto y Cuestiones Digitales París, Francia, a 14 de noviembre de 2018 y con información relevante sobre los temas centrales, generada en días posteriores.Los pasados días domingo 9 y lunes 10 de diciembre, no merecen ser ignorados o considerados como cualquier día de celebración sin trascendencia; el domingo 9, además del celebrarse el Día Internacional en Contra de la Corrupción; también fue el 15 aniversario del Acuerdo de las Naciones Unidas en 2003 sobre una Convención mundial contra la corrupción (UNCAC), firmada en la ciudad de Mérida, Yucatán, México; la cual, es reconocida como la primera vez que un conjunto integral de normas contra la corrupción recibió tal aprobación universal. El lunes, 10, fue el Día Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, y también el 70 aniversario de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos; que ha sido valorada como el documento que contiene los principios humanistas para la convivencia en democracias liberales y con base en ellos, se han construido relaciones políticas y diplomáticas con sistemas dictatoriales y totalitarios. No podemos ocultar que la violación a los Derechos Humanos y la indiferencia al cumplimiento de la citada Declaración, nos lleva a valorar la necesidad de fortalecer las Bases de los Acuerdos que nos permitan defender, mejorar y conservar nuestra democracia en cada uno de nuestros países democráticos; y defenderla, en la inevitable convivencia con otros países gobernados desde distintos sistemas políticos.Robustecer la aplicación de sanciones a la violación de los Derechos Humanos y a acciones de corrupción cometidos por políticos y gobernantes no será suficiente; urge, reformar las Bases de nuestra convivencia y defensa de nuestra Democracia

    El bitcoin como medio de intercambio y los retos que representa para la regulación financiera peruana

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    [extract] Una de las innovaciones en tecnologías de pagos es bitcoin en la medida que sea usado como medio de intercambio. En este sentido, esta aplicación se ha presentado como un referente dentro lo que se conoce como monedas virtuales gracias a que las transacciones que la utilizan como medio de intercambio, se distinguen porque se realizan de forma directa entre los intervinientes, sin un intermediario que valide la autenticidad del pago, y, sin alguien que respalde su valor. El atractivo del bitcoin se explica porque, pese a que carece de un emisor que lo respalde, utiliza un sistema descentralizado de verificación, certificación y registro de sus operaciones que impide su doble gasto.No obstante, debido a que bitcoin representa una joven y compleja tecnología, los reguladores de cada Estado han dudado en emitir alguna orientación y en supervisar su naciente economía. Este silencio ha incentivado la comisión de ilícitos mediante su uso con severos perjuicios económicos.Frente a este panorama, cabe preguntarse qué es el bitcoin, si la legislación peruana actual permite realizar transacciones con esta aplicación de manera eficiente o, si son necesarias mejoras regulatorias, si es posible que las autoridades supervisoras puedan fiscalizar o controlar su uso, si una eventual reforma normativa debe centrarse en normar el uso de esta moneda virtual, o, si es preferible enfocarse en otras tecnologías similares. Sólo con las respuestas a estas preguntas se podrá contar con claras guías para evitar normas inconsistentes, contradictorias, e, ineficientes

    Smart Cities: Information And Communication Technology And Citizen Participation

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    [extract] In 2015, the United Nations adopted the « The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development», a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity, with the ambition to meet seventeen sustainable development goals and one hundred and sixty-nine targets in the next fifteen years.The goal No. 11 is about making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The targets to fulfill this goal refer to three dimensions: social, economic and environmental.To fulfill the goals of sustainable development, information and communication technologies play a fundamental role. The United Nations recognized that it is practically impossible for the world community to achieve these ambitious goals before 2030 if there is no paradigm change that incorporates the effective, widespread and inclusive application of technology and innovative ideas, understanding that one of the technological solutions for sustainable development are smart cities.The purpose of this paper is to approach smart cities based on information and communication technologies and citizen participation. In particular, I will try to demonstrate the need to create a culture of citizen participation from the benefits that new technologies offer

    Los procesos de participación ciudadana en la construcción, ejecución y control de políticas públicas

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    [extract] La temática relativa a la participación ciudadana que intentaremos abordar, no es una cuestión de moda o preferencia, sino que es una consecuencia necesaria de la evolución de la discusión sobre el Estado y la democracia, con sus implicancias sobre las políticas públicas. La misma constituye un canal fundamental a través y a partir del cual se sustenta la búsqueda de mayor transparencia, cercanía con la ciudadanía y su empoderamiento real.                   Durante las últimas décadas se han desarrollado diversas experiencias de participación ciudadana. Con instrumentos y resultados diversos han sido muchas las administraciones que han intentado involucrar a los ciudadanos en el diseño y la ejecución de sus políticas públicas. En el presente trabajo abordaremos algunas de esas experiencias, que entendemos exitosas, aludiendo a su desarrollo en Estados Unidos, Francia y Argentina, con particular referencia en el caso de esta última, a la Provincia de Santa Fe (Estado subnacional de la misma). El análisis de dichas experiencias, pretendemos constituya un aporte que refleje la concreta aplicación del instituto como herramienta de transformación positiva del relacionamiento actual entre las administraciones y la ciudadanía, ineludible a nuestro entender en el marco de todo sistema democrático que en términos reales tenga por eje central el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos, con inclusión, justicia, solidaridad e igualdad

    PROMETEA: Artificial Intelligence to Transform Public Organizations

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    We are going through the Fourth Industrial Revolution that places us in a scenario of profound transformation in what we do and in what we are. This monumental change, in essence, responds to two major intertwined phenomena: 1) the radical mutation of the time and space notions from massive use of (ICT) and 2) new ways of data and information processing within many activities that before could only be done by our brains.Faced with these vertiginous and disruptive scenarios, public institutions are facing multiple risks, challenges and opportunities: How to adapt them when your designis based on an industrial world without internet,digital platforms, social networks, Artificial Intelligence systems and robots? How can one take advantage of the emerging technologies to transform the printed bureaucracy into an authentic digital Government, Administration and Justice transformation? How to take advantage of Artificial Intelligence in order to begin a transition towards an intelligent bureaucracy? How do you alphabetize and create digital and AI competences, so that this whole approach is based on, by and for, improving people’s lives? And how to make automation, intelligent assistance and AI predictions, be accompanied by an inclusive approach towards the public worker? In a few fords, the answers to the seand other questions, is crystallized in the four points of the expanded presentation of the Artificial Intelligence system “Prometea” before the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States

    Manual of Good Practices for Judicial Reorganization

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    This article has the aspiration to analyze the best possible practices in Judicial Reorganization of all agents involved, being them the Judge, the Judicial Administrator or Lawyers.In addition, it will also make a thorough investigation on the reflexes of conjoined activities of these professionals under the scope of Judicial Reorganization.In that manner, it is necessary to conceptualize the obligations, powers and duties of all those agents that integrate insolvency litigations, including third parties who might have interests in the dispute.It is also an objective of this study to demonstrate the numerous procedures difficulties found in the unravel of litigations, as well as to propose ways to facilitate the conjoined activity of the Judicial Administrator, Judges, creditors and companies in Reorganization, that allows the resolution of such issues in an agile and effective manner, steering the Judicial Reorganization to a success or to a swift award of bankruptcy at the appropriate time, avoiding social costs

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