Les Editions IMODEV (Institut du Monde et du Développement pour la Bonne Gouvernance Publique)
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Fighting Corruption Alone: Civic Participation in OGP Anti-Corruption Commitments
Get PDF[extract] Tim O’Relly once defined the architecture of the Internet based in micro units of participation that, when connected, create synergy. The architecture of participation (2004) as he defines made participation more accessible, cheaper and more interesting for millions of citizens, previously disconnected, to join the web. Applying the idea of O’Relly to open government, we have the task to adapt the structure of the network to how the bureaucracy of the government works, using the modus operandi of the micro tasks of the web to solve government problems such as tackling corruption. The challenge is not how to insert the Internet inside the government, but how to reconfigure government to make use of the architecture of the web (2015). The idea of wiki-government, as advocated by Beth Noveck for example, is an example of that. Noveck created during the first Obama administration a Peer-to-Patent platform that showed how technology can connect the expertise of the many to the power of the few. The website created connected patent examiners to volunteer scientists and technologists via the web. Together, they promoted a more transparent decision-making process, and a more cost-efficient process to solve complex social problems
La réutilisation des données issues du système d’immatriculation des véhicule (siv)
Get PDF[extact] La circulation des véhicules sur les voies ouvertes à la circulation publique comporte des enjeux importants en matière de police administrative. Que ce soit en matière de sécurité routière, de lutte contre les trafics illicites ou encore dans le domaine de la protection de l’environnement, la capacité à contrôler les véhicules et leur circulation apparaît comme un corollaire naturel d’une bonne administration. Dès lors, sous réserve qu’ils répondent aux normes techniques de sécurité en vigueur, les véhicules, selon leur catégorie, doivent bénéficier d’une autorisation administrative pour circuler sur les voies ouvertes à la circulation publique. En France, cette autorisation, qui est délivrée par le ministre de l’Intérieur, est matérialisée par le certificat d’immatriculation, titre sécurisé communément appelé « carte grise » sur lequel figurent aussi bien des informations personnelles que des données techniques relatives au véhicule
Open Approaches For Smart Government: Impulses From Germany
Get PDF[extract] This article introduces the concept of smart government. It discusses existing misconceptions, relates it to the term artificial intelligence and the label 4.0. Subsequently, the technological foundations – smart object and cyber-physical objects – are described. Smart government is then defined by taking into account existing approaches from science. The article further discusses implications for administrations. A vision for smart government is delineated by offering a scenario for a fire department. Based on this, a SWOT analysis for smart government is conducted to encourage the implementation of the concept. Open approaches for smart government are a major key of success for the realization. Finally, the German City of Ulm is presented as a city on its way to becoming a smart city with a smart government.[extract] This article introduces the concept of smart government. It discusses existing misconceptions, relates it to the term artificial intelligence and the label 4.0. Subsequently, the technological foundations – smart object and cyber-physical objects – are described. Smart government is then defined by taking into account existing approaches from science. The article further discusses implications for administrations. A vision for smart government is delineated by offering a scenario for a fire department. Based on this, a SWOT analysis for smart government is conducted to encourage the implementation of the concept. Open approaches for smart government are a major key of success for the realization. Finally, the German City of Ulm is presented as a city on its way to becoming a smart city with a smart government
The Obligation of Publishing Issued Tax Interpretation (Tax Ruling) Under Polish Law
Get PDF[extact] This paper presents and evaluates the Polish legal regulations that oblige the tax administration to publish all issued tax interpretations (tax rulings) on the Internet. It seems that this obligation is the only way to implement the idea of open government in the Polish tax law
Legally Non-Binding Citizen Consultation via Internet An End in Itself or One Step Closer to the Democratic Ideal
Get PDF[extract] Researchers need to find and agree on terms and definitions to describe and discuss scientific observations. If new research is done on established topics, however, it may be enough to alter the understanding of already existing concepts, to broaden definitions and modify scientific terms respectively to link them with new levels of meaning.Online participation is an excellent example for such an approach, since many (offline) principles have been equipped with the prefix “e” for “electronic”: e-participation, e-government and e-democracy are the most discussed concepts 2.0. This field of research involves scholars from many different disciplines, such as political science, law, sociology as well as communication studies, information science and economics. Therefore, it is all the more important to distinguish carefully between different terms, concepts and research perspectives, especially, if the terms are closely related to one anothe
L'accessibilité de la loi fiscale à l'ère du numérique
Get PDF[extract] L’accessibilité de la loi à tous les contribuables demeure une question importante au XXIe siècle. Mais la notion d’accessibilité peut être comprise de deux façons différentes : pouvoir lire les dispositions légales en matière fiscaleou être capable de comprendre toutes ces dispositions sans être un spécialiste du droit fiscal. La spécialisation et la complexité de l’impôt génèrent une inégalité factuelle entre ceux qui ont les outils et la capacité de comprendre la loi et ceux qui n’en ont pas. Comme la loi est complexe et peut ne pas être claire, il existe une marge d’interprétation qui peut conduire à des conflits entre les contribuables et l’administration fiscale. Cependant, l’ère numérique offre de nouvelles possibilités en améliorant les outils de transmission de l’information. Ce faisant, il donne une nouvelle capacité aux contribuables concernant l’accessibilité matérielle de la législation fiscale par le biais d’un mécanisme de transparence. Il pourrait réduire l’écart factuel entre les contribuables en améliorant la publication des propositions d’interprétation qui ont été faites par l’administration fiscale. Cependant, il est possible de se demander si les nouvelles technologies nous donnent un meilleur droit d’accès en matière fiscale
Some thoughts on the use of statistical sampling in legal research
Get PDF[extract] Much of legal research is based on discovering facts through analyzing a lot of papers. Electronically Stored Information (ESI) poses issues on using data stored electronically. With the increase of data volumes, a need of reducing costs, without violating the accepted assumptions poses urgently mid changes in the law firms. The reduction of costs should not be solved by using “low‐cost lawyers”.This paper discusses on the use of Technology Assisted Review and Statistical Sampling for retrieving information and some examples are discussed for illustrating. A broad definition of legal research is that: it is a process which looks for identifying and retrieving what is needed for supporting legal decision-making. Hence, we may consider that it starts with the analysis of the facts on a particular and ends with the binomial application-communication of the results of the investigation
Questões Jurídicas na era digital - o Supremo e a contravertida imunidade tributária do "livro electrônico"
Get PDFDiante das controvérsias legais próprias da chamada era digital, os juízes e tribunais, mais do que resolver problemas de ordem jurídica, devem enfrentar desafios promovidos pela modernidade, pelas alterações cada vez mais rápidas e profundas decorrentes do avanço da tecnologia. Como consequência direta dessa evolução, mudam a sociedade e os comportamentos humanos. O Direito, a Constituição e o Supremo Tribunal Federal, como “guarda da Carta”, não podem ficar alheios às transformações, sob pena de assistirem passivamente à inocuidade das normas constitucionais ante o avanço dos fatos. O Direito sofre influência dessa realidade, à qual deve se ajustar e, a um só tempo, conformá-la. A relação é de reciprocidade, ainda que assimétrica, a depender da matéria e dos valores em jogo. Nesse sentido se fala da necessidade, e é o que enfrentamos, de uma “reflexão sobre a evolução do Direito para atender à sociedade digital
Environmental Transparency in a Digital Era
Get PDFBecause of the Internet, which has profoundly influenced both society and communication, environmental transparency, and environmental activism, are more possible today than at any point in human history. Centuries ago, before the printing press, mass communication was difficult and slow. Indeed, for most of human history, books and documents were laboriously prepared by hand, and there was no way to quickly create or reproduce written works. Moreover, only a small number of people (usually monks) had the time to write books, and they typically wrote religious texts in Latin. During this period, the absence of books was less critical because many people were illiterate.With Johannes Gutenberg’s development of the printing press in the fifteenth century, the possibilities for effective communication increased dramatically. Gutenberg’s invention involved development of a system of movable type that could be used to relatively quickly “compose” pages by assembling the letters into wooden boxes the size of a printed page, and thereby lay-out pages to be printed. The composed pages could then be used to create numerous copies of a page. Because of the Internet, which has profoundly influenced both society and communication, environmental transparency, and environmental activism, are more possible today than at any point in human history. Centuries ago, before the printing press, mass communication was difficult and slow. Indeed, for most of human history, books and documents were laboriously prepared by hand, and there was no way to quickly create or reproduce written works. Moreover, only a small number of people (usually monks) had the time to write books, and they typically wrote religious texts in Latin. During this period, the absence of books was less critical because many people were illiterate.With Johannes Gutenberg’s development of the printing press in the fifteenth century, the possibilities for effective communication increased dramatically. Gutenberg’s invention involved development of a system of movable type that could be used to relatively quickly “compose” pages by assembling the letters into wooden boxes the size of a printed page, and thereby lay-out pages to be printed. The composed pages could then be used to create numerous copies of a page.
The Gender-Gap in Political Online-Participation – New Chances and New Challenges for Social Equality
Get PDF[extact] The Internet has become a widely used medium alongside telephone, television, radio and newspapers. The Internet influences to a greater or lesser extent all areas of daily and working life, including the use of commonplace communication messengers such as WhatsApp, Viber or Facebook, the use of google tools like calendars for organization, and the use of email. Moreover, social networks like Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook or Pinterestare frequently used. The threshold for Internet participation is low, making access easy.Through the spread of the Internet, numerous new and innovative possibilities have emerged. One example is the potential for online involvement in political decision-making processes; this possibility expands traditional offline methods of communication. One well-known example of political online-participation on the national level involves petitions on the Internet. In Germany, different kinds of formal national petitions can be signed on https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/ after a quick registration on the platform, and these forms can be accessed easily and without great effort. Online-Participation can also take place on the local. The cities in North Rhine-Westphalia such as Bonn and Cologne provide good examples with people being asked for their opinion and suggestions regarding the use of community funds. As the opportunities for participation expand beyond the traditional forms, citizens, politicians and lawmakers face new challenges. Over the last few years, online participation has increased. Community democracy can be energetic, can involve people through online participation, and allow citizens to follow and participate in political processes and decisions as they unfold. Examples of such participation can be found in very different areas such as construction planning, noise protection and traffic management. Many municipalities seek citizen opinions in different ways, and in different formats, on specific community topics. In this way, citizens can take part in decision-making in community politics. New and innovative forms of online participation are gradually being tested and becoming established. For example, the cities of Cologne and Bonn have budgets for citizen participation for the fourth or the fifth year in a row. If one analyses the participants in these processes, not all people with all possible sociodemographic characteristics tend to participate online. The aim of political online participation should not be to marginalise certain social groups, but to create full participation for all citizens. Men and women should be involved in equal numbers, as should people from all social groups, areas, classes and backgrounds. Citizen participation should be equally accessible for everybody, and should exclude nobody