Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection)
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Antagonism of Endophytic Bacteria and the Consortium Against Culvularia oryzae Bugnic: Kemampuan Antagonis Bakteri Endofit dan Konsorsiumnya terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Culvularia oryzae Bugnic
No full textEndophytic bacteria have several advantages, including controlling plant pathogens and increasing plant growth. As a biological control, endophytic bacteria can suppress the development of plant pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacteria and the consortium of endophytic bacteria that can inhibit the growth of C. oryzae. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) for studying the ability of endophytic bacteria using eight isolates: Bacillus sp HI, Bacillus sp SJI, B. cereus P14, B. cereus Se07, Serratia marcescens strain JB1E2, S. marces-cens strain JB3, S. marcescens strain ULG1E2 and S. marcescens strain ULG1E4, with three replications. For Studying the ability of endophytic bacteria consortium using six endophytic bacteria consortia and control with three replications. Observations were made on the inhibition growth of C. oryzae. The results showed that all endophytic bacteria and the endophytic bacteria consortium could inhibit C. oryzae, with inhibition of 58.50% – 75.00% and 38.00% – 77.00%. Endophytic bacteria which can significantly suppress the growth of C. oryzae were B. cereus Se07, Bacillus sp HI and Bacillus sp SJI with inhibition of 75.00%, 70.50%, and 70.00%. The endophytic bacteria consortium that had a high ability to suppress the growth of C. oryzae was the consortium of B (S. marcescens strain ULG1E4, S. marcescens strain JB1E3), D (Bacillus sp SJI, Bacillus sp HI, S. marcescenns JB1E3), and G (Bacillus sp SJI, S. marcescens strain ULG1E4), with inhibition of 77.00%, 72.33%, and 71.33%, respectively
Weed Diversity in Irrigated Rice Field in Mulyorejo Village, Malang City, Indonesia: Keanekaragaman Gulma di Areal Pertanaman Padi Sawah Beririgasi di Kelurahan Mulyorejo, Kota Malang, Indonesia
No full textWeeds that grow around irrigated rice fields can affect the growth of rice plants. This study aims to determine the diversity of weeds in the rice fields of Mulyorejo Village, Malang City, Indonesia. The research was conducted from October - November 2022. The research used a survey with direct descriptive and exploratory methods. The study used a survey method with descriptive and direct exploration methods on an area of 677 m2 at an altitude of 478 m above sea level. Observations were made on weed species, dominance, and diversity index. The results showed that 13 species of weeds were found in the irrigated rice fields of Mulyorejo Village, Malang City, which was dominated by water clover (Marsilea crenata) (20.42%), which is classified as a broadleaf weed. The dominant weed was taro (Alocasia macrorrhizos) (SDR = 5.33). The minor weed is water lactic (Ludwigia decurrens). The rice field weed diversity index is 1.989, classified as moderate. Knowing the types of weed diversity in rice fields in Mulyorejo, it is hoped that it can facilitate the optimal handling process
English: Infeksi Jamur Pascapanen pada Biji Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica Linnaeus) di Daerah Sentra Kopi Arabika, Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
No full textPost-harvest fungi attacks in storage can reduce the quality of Arabica coffee. The study aimed to determine the level of infection and types of post-harvest fungi in Arabica coffee beans and their quality. The research was carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory of Plant Pests and Diseases Department and the Seed Technology Laboratory of Agronomy Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas, Padang, from June to August 2021. The infection level of post-harvest fungi was detected using the blotter method. Physical quality was determined based on the percentage of defects, and the quality of the coffee beans was classified according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The samples were taken from three collectors in each of the three central districts of Arabica coffee, West Sumatera province (Solok Selatan, Pesisir Selatan, Lima Puluh Kota) and one sample from Solok Radjo Cooperative as a comparison. The results showed that post-harvest fungi that attacked Arabica coffee beans in West Sumatra belong to the Aspergillus genus, namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, and A. ochraceus. The highest post-harvest fungi attack was from Lima Puluh Kota (63.67%), and the lowest was from Solok Radjo (27%). The fungus with the highest infection rate was A. niger (38.83%), and the lowest was A. flavus (0.53%). The best quality of Arabica coffee beans was found in Solok Radjo (quality 3), with a water content that suitable with SNI standards
Damage of Teak Trees (Tectona grandis Linnaeus filius) in the Production Forest Area of RPH Sukorame, KPH Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia: Kerusakan Tegakan Hutan Jati (Tectona grandis Linnaeus filius) pada Kawasan Hutan Produksi RPH Sukorame, KPH Mojokerto, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
No full textThe health of the teak tree can be affected by damage caused by pests and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the health of the teak tree in teak production forest areas at RPH Sukorame KPH Mojokerto, East Java, Indonesia. The method used was the forest health monitoring (FHM) method. The sample was chosen by using a cluster plot system with a total sample of 216 teak trees. Parameters observed were symptoms of damage and its causes, type of damage and damaged parts of the teak tree, height and diameter, tread quality, and tree health analysis. The results showed that the health level of the teak tree in the teak production forest area of RPH Sukorame, KPH Mojokerto, East Java, was included in the health category with a Cluster plot level index (CLI) value of 4.36 - 4.51. The damage to the stand was caused by the attack of armyworm (Hyblaea puera), termites (Schedorhinotermes sp), and other factors. The productivity level of the area could have been more optimal, with a branch-free stand height of 0-5 m and a diameter of 16-20 cm: grumusol and grumusol sandy soil with a pH ranging from 5.8 to 7.0. Forest management is needed so that the teak tree can achieve optimum productivity.Kerusakan tegakan dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas pada tegakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesehatan tegakan jati dan produktivitas serta kualitas tapak pada kawasan hutan produksi jati di RPH Sukorame BKPH Bluluk. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode forest health monitoring (FHM) untuk memperoleh data tingkat kerusakan, produktivitas dan kualitas tapak pada kawasan tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa tegakan jati termasuk kategori sehat dengan nilai CLI 4,36 – 4,51. Produktivitas kawasan dengan tinggi bebas cabang 0-5 m dan diameter 16-20 cm dengan jenis tanah grumusol dan grumussol berpasir. pH tanah di sebagian wilayah netral dengan pH tanah 7 dan sebagian lagi sedikit masam dengan pH tanah 6,9 dan 5,8.
Keywords: Jati. Kesehatan Tegakan, Produktivitas, Kualitas Tapa
Antagonism of Indigenous Fungi Collected from the Bamboo Clump against Fusarium sp., the Cause of Fusarium Wilt Disease in Garlic: Daya Antagonis Jamur Indigenus dari Rumpun Bambu terhadap Fusarium sp., Penyebab Layu Fusarium pada Bawang Putih
Full text linkIndigenous fungi can be found around bamboo clumps. This study aimed to identify indigenous fungi isolated from the bamboo clump as biological control agents against pathogenic fungi of Fusarium sp. in garlic. The study was conducted from June to September 2021 at the Laboratory of Pest and Disease Observation, Temanggung Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The current research design involved the following three steps, (1) Isolation and identification of the pathogenic fungi of Fusarium sp. in garlic, (2) Isolation and identification of indigenous fungi collected from the bamboo clump, and (3) Antagonism test of indigenous fungi isolated from the bamboo clump against Fusarium sp. in-vitro. The results showed that ten species were successfully identified, and five species had the potential as biological control agents against Fusarium sp. in garlic; Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Aspergillus sp1, Aspergillus sp2, and Tricho-derma sp. Trichoderma sp. revealed the highest antagonism (66.71%), while Penicillium sp. revealed the lowest antagonism (32.925%) against Fusarium sp. Based on their antagonistic potential, Trichoderma sp. showed the highest ability to suppress Fusarium sp. (66.71%), while the lowest one was Penicillium sp. (32.92%)
Identifikasi dan Penentuan Pohon Filogenetik Spodoptera frugiperda Asal Jawa Berdasarkan Analisis Sekuen MtDNA COI
Full text linkMolecular confirmation of the existence of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Java Island has not been widely reported. This study aimed to identify the armyworm from Java Island molecularly based on DNA mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (MtDNA COI). There were six armyworms collected from West Java Province (Cirebon - JWB1, Garut - JWB2), Central Java Province (Wonogiri - JWTH), East Java Province (Gresik - JWTR), DI Yogyakarta Province (Bantul - DIY), and Banten Province (Serang - BNT). The results showed that the fall armyworm originating from Java was verified as Spodoptera frugiperda. There were species variations between them, which had species similarity between regions and countries, namely the species similarity of S. frugiperda Java and West Sumatra, as well as to China, Korea, and India. S. frugiperda from Central Java (JWTH), Banten (BNT), West Java 1 (JWB1), and Yogyakarta (DIY) had species similarity to S. frugiperda from Solok (No. Acc. MW876212.1), West Pasaman (No. Acc. MW876211.1), China (No.Acc. MK591010.1) and Korea (No.Acc. MN427930.1). Meanwhile, S. frugiperda West Java (JWB2) and East Java had species similarity to S. frugiperda from India (No. Acc. MT732476.1), Padang Pariaman (No. Acc. MW876208.1), and Tanah Datar (No. Acc. MW876210.1).Konfirmasi molekuler keberadaan Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) di Pulau Jawa masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis hubungan filogenetik S. frugiperda dari Jawa menggunakan sekuens DNA mitokondria cytochrome oxidase I (MtDNA COI). Sebanyak enam sampel ulat tentara dikoleksi dari berbagai lokasi di Jawa: Cirebon (JWB1) dan Garut (JWB2) di Jawa Barat, Wonogiri (JWTH) di Jawa Tengah, Gresik (JWTR) di Jawa Timur, Bantul (DIY) di DI Yogyakarta, dan Serang (BNT) di Banten. Hasil penelitian mengonfirmasi bahwa ulat tentara dari Jawa merupakan S. frugiperda. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan variasi genetik antar populasi, dengan hubungan dekat dengan spesies dari Sumatera Barat, Tiongkok, Korea, dan India. S. frugiperda dari JWTH, BNT, JWB1, dan DIY memiliki kesamaan dengan yang berasal dari Solok (MW876212.1), Pasaman Barat (MW876211.1), Tiongkok (MK591010.1), dan Korea (MN427930.1). Sementara itu, JWB2 dan JWTR memiliki kesamaan dengan spesies dari India (MT732476.1), Padang Pariaman (MW876208.1), dan Tanah Datar (MW876210.1). Studi ini menekankan pentingnya surveilans molekuler dalam memantau keragaman genetik dan penyebaran S. frugiperda di Indonesia. Temuan ini berimplikasi pada strategi pengelolaan hama dan langkah biosekuriti untuk mencegah dampak lebih lanjut terhadap pertanian di Indonesia
Accuracy and Prediction of Hopperburn by Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata Lugens Stal) with Sentinel-2 Images
Full text linkForecasting of brown planthopper attack or BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) using artificial intelligence and vegetation index of Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery improves forecasting the incidence of hopperburn. This study aimed to determine the accuracy and correlation of the random forest classification of Sentinel-2 imagery to the incidence of hopperburn reported by Plant Pest Organisms Observer (PPOO) and determine the best method for predicting it. The study was done through observation and secondary data processing about the age of the plant, the incidence of hopperburn by BPH, interviews with farmers, and PPOO. The results showed that the hopperburn NDVI index ranged from 0.23 - 3.8. The random forest classification accuracy was high (Kappa Index = 0.82). The relationship between the hopperburn area from the PPOO report and the predicted area from Sentinel-2 images classified as (R2 = 0.53, R = 0.728) with the equation Y = -1.5 + 0.82 X. The correlation can be improved using spatial regression Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR4) with the best gaussian distance of 1.76 km (R2 = 0.6, R = 0.77). The best prediction for the NDVI stage of hopperburn attack time series with random forest (RMSE = 0.12819) was better than the prediction of the hopperburn attack time series with the exponential smoothing method from the PPOO report (RMSE 3.302184)
The Effectiveness of Ginger Rhizome Extract to Inhibit the Growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in Peanut In-vitro: Potensi Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Sclerotium rolfsii pada Kacang Tanah secara In Vitro
No full textSclerotium rolfsii is a fungus that causes stem rot disease in peanuts which causes losses of up to 59%. One technique of controlling the S. rolfsii is using a botanical fungicide, such as ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizome extract. This study aimed to determine the proper concentration of ginger rhizome extract to control S.rolfsii, the causes of stem rot, and damping-off diseases in peanut in-vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and five replications. The treatments were arranged in the concentration of 0, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by in-vitro. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by an LSD of 5%. The results showed that ginger rhizome extract could suppress the growth of S. rolfsii, which causes stem rot disease in peanut plants. Ginger rhizome extract reduced the thickness of the colonies, suppressed colony expansion, reduced the wet and dry weight of the colonies, slowed the appearance of Sclerotia, and reduced the number of Sclerotia formed. The higher concentration, the higher the emphasis on S. rolfsii. Ginger rhizome extract at a concentration of 10% can inhibit colony growth by 81.63%, inhibit the formation of sclerotia by 100%, reduce the wet weight of the colony to 66.88% and the dry weight of the colony to 44.11% and inhibit the formation of Sclerotia reaching 100%
Resistance Test of Some Rice Varieties to Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Bogor Population Using Honey: Uji Resistensi Beberapa Varietas Padi terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Populasi Bogor Menggunakan Metode Honeydew Test
No full textBrown planthopper or BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal, Hemiptera: Delpachidae) is a significant pest that is a severe problem to rice plants in various places, including Bogor District, East Java Province. Resistance of several varieties of rice to BPH of Bogor Population has not been reported. One method to determine a variety's resistance is the honeydew test. This study aims to determine the resistance of several rice varieties to BPH of Bogor population. This study used six different varieties as treatments, and carried out in five replications. Those varieties were Pelita, Mapan, Situ Bagendit, Ciherang, Inpari-33, and IR-64. The observations were made on the area of honeydew spots produced by BPH after consuming sap of rice plant. This research showed that the Situ Bagendit variety was relatively resistant to BPH of Bogor population. The Mapan and Pelita varieties were quite susceptable, while Inpari-33, Ciherang, and IR-64 were moderate. The region of origin where BPH grows and the testing procedure can affect the resistance category of one variety.
 
Density and Attack Rate of Snails on Some Cabbage Plants (Brassicaceae) in Marapi Mount of West Sumatera
Full text linkDuring the last three years, several snails as pests that attacked vegetables, especially cabbages (Brassicaceae) in the highland vegetable crop center of Mount Marapi, were found to cause damage. This study aimed to obtain the species, population, and attack rate of snails pests on the cabbage plants. The study was conducted using a survey method with purposive sampling conducted from July to September 2019 with the criteria of observing plants two weeks after planting and determining the sample diagonally. The results showed that cabbage plants in Mount Marapi, Agam Regency, were attacked by two snails, namely Bradybaena similaris and Parmarion sp. The population of B. similaris was higher than that of Parmarion sp. Mustard plants are most at risk of being attacked by snails, with the highest percentage and intensity of attack even though the damage category is classified as moderate. Mustard plants are also among the first time to be attacked by snails. Cultivation techniques affect the density and attack rate of pest snails at the research site.
Key words: Slug attack level, species and population density, Bradybaena similaris, Parmarion sp