Jurnal Proteksi Tanaman (Journal of Plant Protection)
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Ability of Beauveria bassiana to suppress Colletotrichum truncatum and increase the growth of chili plants (Capsicum annuum)
Full text linkAnthracnose is a disease caused by Colletotrichum sp., which can reduce the quality and yield of red chili by 45-60%. This study aimed to determine the ability of different Beauveria bassiana isolates to control anthracnose in chili. The research employed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments included a control and 5 different B. bassiana isolates (PD114, TD312, WS, BbKo, KT2B21). The observed variables included incubation period, disease incidence and severity, plant height, number of leaves, flowering time, and chili fruit weight. The results showed that the application of different B. bassiana isolates have effectively inhibited the development of Colletotrichum truncatum, which caused anthracnose in chili. B. bassiana has demonstrated the ability to prolong the incubation period of C. truncatum (5.40 days) and reduce the percentage of disease incidence (16%). Furthermore, the application of B. bassiana increased the height of chili plants (40.40 cm) and the number of leaves (32 leaves), accelerated the flowering time (42.80 days), and boosted chili production (178.25 g). The WS and TD312 isolates revealed the most significant results. Although the severity of the disease was not impacted, the 2 isolates provided notable agronomic benefits to the chili plants
Effectiveness of Dose and Application Interval of Ocimum sanctum Essential Oil as Bactrocera spp. Attractant on Siamese Orange Plants
Full text linkFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are the most detrimental pests on siamese orange fruit (Citrus nobilis Linnaeus). One technique to control fruit flies that are safe for the environment and do not cause residues on plants is the use of attractants. The research aimed to study the effect of dose and application interval of basil essential oil for fruit fly control on Siamese orange plants. This research was conducted in citrus plantations of Gunung Omeh District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia, and Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Andalas. The study used a separate plot design consisting of doses of basil essential oil as the main plot and application intervals as subplots. The observed variables were species and the population of fruit flies. The results of observations found Three species of fruit flies, namely Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera carambolae, and Bactrocera umbrosa, were successfully trapped during the observation with the highest number of catches of 278.33 individuals/trap, 15.33 individuals/trap, and 2.67 individuals/trap, respectively. Basil essential oil with a dose of 1.5 ml and an application interval of 3 days proved to be the most effective combination in trapping fruit flies compared to other doses and intervals. These results indicate that basil essential oil can be a potential alternative attractant in managing fruit fly populations on Siamese orange plant
Acoustic Characteristics of Coconut Leaf Beetle, Brontispa Longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Full text linkThe coconut beetle, Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of coconut trees, where the larvae and adults feed on coconut leaves. This activity produces vibrations that can be detected by acoustic equipment. This study aimed to identify the sound features between larvae and adults using temporal and spectral acoustic detection. Insect samples were collected from infested coconut trees in May 2021 in Penang, Malaysia. Acoustic recording activities were carried out at the Applied Entomology Laboratory using an AED-2010 sensor-preamplifier module. Parameters such as average impulse time, number of impulses, and average activity rate were recorded to examine the temporal aspect. Two parameters used in the spectral analysis were frequency range and dominant frequency (kHz). An Independent two-sample T-test was conducted to compare the mean differences in acoustic parameters between adult and larvae of B. longissima. The results showed that adult B. longissima was more active than larvae. It had higher mean impulse interval time (ms), mean number of impulses, and mean activity rate (impulses/s) than the larvae. However, the results showed that the difference in activity between larvae and adults was insignificant. Furthermore, this acoustic study is critical to understanding the behavior of destructive insects and helps develop more curative and sustainable methods to control B. longissima. Using acoustic methods could assist in evaluating the level of infestation and damaging activity of the insect pest
Infestation Rate of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in South India
Full text linkThe coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei, is a monophagous insect pest that poses a major threat to coffee production worldwide, causing yield losses of up to 30-50%. India's coffee heartland in the south, responsible for over 90% of the national output, grapples with the threat of CBB infestations. Despite its economic importance and global spread, research on the ecology of CBB in India's traditional coffee-growing regions still needs to be completed. In this study, we investigated the infestation rate of CBB in Coffea arabica and C. canephora plantations at three designated locations at Chikkamagaluru (Karnataka), Thandigudi (Tamil Nadu) and Chundale (Kerala) from south India and samplings was done once a month during three fruiting periods between 2015 and 2018. The three sampled sites showed variable percentages of infestation rates across the sampling period between 4.61±0.73 and 29.60±2.28, with the lowest and highest infestation rates in Thandigudi and Chikkamagaluru, respectively. The increase in CBB infestation towards harvest and variations in pre-brood, brood, and post-brood populations suggest the influence of different stages of fresh coffee berries, favorable agro-climatic conditions, and gaps in management strategies in the three sampled regions
Resistance of Some Rice Varieties (Oryzae sativa Linnaeus) to the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) using the Honey Dew Test: Uji Ketahanan Beberapa Varietas Padi terhadap Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) Populasi Karawang Menggunakan Metode Embun Madu
No full textOne of the control techniques for the brown planthopper or BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is resistant varieties. This study aimed to determine the resistance level of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) to the BPH of the Karawang Population. The study was located at the Entomology Laboratory, Center for Predicting Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT) Jatisari, Directorate General of Food Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia, from July to August 2022. The study was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with ten treatments and five replications. The treatment was in the form of different rice varieties (Pelita, Inpari-33, Inpari-47, Inpari-48, Ciherang, Cilamaya Muncul, Mapan, Situ Bagendit, M-400, IR-64). Parameters observed were spot area, spot area conversion, and determination of resistance. The results showed that the resistance of some of the tested rice varieties to BPH of the Karawang population was classified as moderate to moderately resistant. Inpari-47, Inpari-48, IR-64, M-400, Inpari-33, Cilamaya Muncul, and Situ Bagendit are moderately resistant, while Mapan, Ciherang, and Pelita have moderate resistance. The results of the honeydew test can be compared with other resistance test methods.ABSTRACT
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is the main pest of rice plants around the world, because it can cause crop failure or crop loss. One technique to control brown planthopper is to use resistant varieties. The research of honeydew test method aimed to determine the resistance level of several rice varieties (Oryza sativa Linnaeus) against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) from Karawang population. This research was conducted at the Entomology Laboratory of the Forecasting Center for Plant Pest Organisms (BBPOPT) Jatisari, Directorate General of Food Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia. The study was carried out from July to August 2022. The application of the resistance test of rice varieties to brown planthoppers was applied using the honey dew test method using bromocressol green indicator paper as an alternative to describe the broad distribution of spots secreted by the brown planthopper. Parameters for pecking are extensive conversion analysis of spots, large percentages of spots, and broad finder’s fees with testing of 10 varieties of rice (Pelita, Inpari-33, Inpari-47, Inpari-48, Ciherang, Cilamaya muncul, Mapan, Situ bangendit, M-400, IR-64) in five replications. The results showed that Inpari-33, Inpari-47, Inpari -48, Cilamaya muncul, M-400, and IR-64, Situ Bagendit had moderate resistance, whereas Mapan, ciherang and pelita had susceptable.
Keywords: Honeydew, resistant, secretion, susceptable, sticky ric
The Environmentally IPM Package for Controlling Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Maize Field
Full text linkIntegrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control method that combines several control techniques by considering ecological, economic, and sociological consequences. Management efforts with IPM principles can be conducted by cultivating healthy plants and entomopathogen application. This study examined the IPM package's success for controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize field. This research was conducted in a farmer's maize plantation in the West Pasaman District from August to December 2021. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) which consisted of three treatments and five replications. The treatments were different cultivation techniques using IPM, Non-IPM, and control. The variables observed were the population of S. frugiperda (individual/plant), attack rate (%), attack intensity (%), cob weight (g/cob), and farming cost (IDR). The results showed that the IPM and Non-IPM maize cultivation techniques had no different effect on S. frugiperda, especially survival stage, attack rate, intensity, and yield. However, this effect was higher than the control. In addition, the economic benefits of cultivation with IPM were higher than non-IPM. Therefore, this IPM package can be recommended for controlling S. frugiperda because it is also economically profitable and environmentally friendly
Chemical Composition of Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. winterianus Essential Oils and Their Insecticidal Potential Against the Coffee Berry Borer Hypothenemus hampei: Venkateaha
Full text linkHypothenemus hampei is the most important insect pest of coffee in the world. H. hampei is controlled by using endosulfan and methyl bromide. However, using these two chemicals may pose pesticide resistance, bioaccumulation, and a threat to human health and the environment. This study evaluated the chemical compositions of essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. winterianus and their insecticidal potential against H. hampei as an alternative to endosulfan and methyl bromide. The chemical profiles of the two essential oils showed that both constituted biochemically distinct monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The main compounds identified in C. flexuosus were citral, geraniol, and isoforms, representing 76.45% of the total composition, and other active ingredients were citronella, caryophyllene, citronellyl acetate, cadinene, linalool, and limonene. The composition of C. winterianus was citronella, nerol, and citronellol as principal components, corresponding to 66.47%, along with other active ingredients elemol, geranyl acetate, citronellyl acetate, germacrene, and limonene. Differential sensitivity of H. hampei adults was observed in the bioassay of two oils, where a dose-dependent increase in mortality was observed. Among two concentrations of both essential oils, 100% mortality was observed at 500 and 1000 ppm within 48 and 24 hours of treatment, respectively. The significant biological activity of both Cymbopogon species oils indicated a potential source for further development of botanical pesticides as an effective, useful alternative for currently used toxic insecticides. Additionally, essential oils of C. flexuosus and C. winterianus and their active ingredients are classified as non-residual insecticides and are eligible for a pesticide registration exemption
Biological dan Molecular Characterization of Papaya Ringspot Virus from Bogor District, Indonesia
Full text linkManagement of PRSV using cross-protection and transgenic plants has been hampered due to varying PRSV gene sequences. Therefore, the characterization of new PRSV isolates could help design the region needed for region-specific management practices. The study aimed to characterize the typical PRSV isolates found in Bogor biologically and molecularly. The study was conducted in 2 stages: host range study of 2 isolates (Sukaraja and Cijeruk) on five species with six plants for replication, and RT-PCR analysis amplified coat protein (CP) region using PRSV326 and PRSV800 primer pair. The results showed that Sukaraja isolate produced systemic symptoms in papaya (Carica papaya L) cv. Merah Delima in the form of leaf lamina becoming pale and wilting, leaf malformation, open veins, and striped patterns on the leaves, while the Cijeruk isolate causes symptoms of leaf blistering, mosaicism, leaf malformation, wilted lamina, and striped patterns on the leaves. These two isolates did not cause symptoms on eggplant (Solanum melongena) and chickpea (Vigna unguiculata) but produced striped leaf patterns and pale lamina symptoms on bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and melon (Cucumis melo) leaves. RT-PCR analysis was able to amplify ±475 bp of DNA. The two DNA isolates had a homology percentage of 97.7% with PRSV isolates from Thailand, ranging between 93.07-99.68% with the Kulon Progo and Nganjuk isolates. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the Cijeruk isolate was in the same branch as the Indonesian isolate, while the Sukaraja isolate was a separate branch and closely related to isolates from Oklahoma and Malaysia. CP PRSV
Identification and Characterization of Fungi Associated with Leaf Spot Disease of Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) in Pahang, Malaysia
Full text linkRubber trees are important sources of agricultural income as they are utilized for lumber and latex. Like other crops, they are susceptible to numerous fungal pathogens, especially on their leaves, the most important plant part. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the fungi associated with leaf spot disease on the leaves of rubber trees. This study aimed to characterize fungi associated with diseased rubber leaves and determine the causative agent of leaf spot disease. A total of 20 fungal isolates were obtained and purified from rubber leaves collected during sampling in rubber plantations in Pahang, Malaysia. All the isolated fungi were identified as Colletotrichum siamense (2 isolates), Diaporthe sp. (5 isolates), Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae (1 isolate), L. theobromae (7 isolates) and Neoscytalidium sp. (5 isolates). Based on a pathogenicity test, it was found that nine isolates were pathogenic towards the leaves of rubber, which were L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, and C. siamense. The lesions on the leaves displayed chlorosis with varying necrotic lesion sizes after 21 days post-inoculation. The isolates of the species L. theobromae were the most prevalent, indicating it is more widespread in the region than other species. The findings present data on the potential pathogen of rubber plants and are important to understand further the potential risks and effects of the pathogen in rubber plantation
Species and Termite Attack Intensity on Pine Trees in Nagari Talang Babungo, Solok District, West Sumatra Province: Jenis dan Intensitas Serangan Rayap pada Pohon Pinus di Nagari Talang Babungo Kabupaten Solok Provinsi Sumatera Barat
No full textTermites are classified as insects that destroy trees and other organic materials containing cellulose, including pine trees. The species and attack intensity of termites on pine trees in the protected forest of Nagari Talang Babungo, Solok District, West Sumatra Province, is unknown. This study aimed to determine the type and intensity of termite attacks on pine trees in the protected forest of Nagari Talang Babungo, Solok District, West Sumatra Province. This research was conducted by survey method with direct observation and graveyard test techniques. Based on the results, it was found that around 7.8% of pine trees in the Nagari Talang Babungo Protection Forest, Hiliran Gumanti sub-district, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province, were attacked by termites Nusitutermes sp, which was indicated by the presence of termite galleries on the trunks and bases of the stems. The intensity of the termite attack was relatively low, with a percentage of lose weight by using graveyard test was 17.7%