Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Relationship of Exclusive Breastfeeding with History of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children Aged 0-24 Months in Siwalima Village in November 2021
Get PDFBackground. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a respiratory infection that affect both upper or lower respiratory tracts. The virus or bacteria causes ARI which lasts for 14 days. Indonesia had the highest mortality rate for ARI, in 2008 around 36.4% children infected; in 2009 around 32.1%; in 2010 around 18.2%; and in 2011 around 38.8%. The prevalence of ARI in Siwalima Health Center around 3240 children in 2020. Breastfeeding has huge benefit for both moms and babies. The prevalence of breastfeeding in Indonesia is 66.1%, but there are two provinces, West Papua (34%) and Maluku (37.2%) that have not reach the target yet. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a relationship between Exclusive breastfeeding with history of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children in November 2021 in Siwalima Village, Aru Island, Maluku.
Methods. This study uses observational analytical research methods, and cross- sectional design. The subject of this study are children age 0 - 24 months and lived in Siwalima Village. The sample of this study is using total sampling technic and there are 186 respondents. Questioners with yes or no answer are using in this study.
Results. The result of chi-square test showed that there was a relationship between Exclusive breastfeeding with history of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children in November 2021 in Siwalima Village, Aru Island, Maluku. There are 84 respondent (45.2%) had ARI and 102 respondent (34.8%) didn’t, also 91 respondents (48.9%) didn’t receive exclusive breastfeeding and 95 respondent receive exclusive breastfeeding.
Conclusion. Breastfeeding can be increased, especially for children aged 0 – 6 months in order to prevent infection
Overview of COVID-19 Vaccine Development Strategy
Get PDFSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of coronavirus disease 20019 (COVID19) pandemic which first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China. Currently, a vaccine is urgently needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Several vaccine candidates are under development and some are in the final stage of clinical trials. The COVID-19 vaccination aims to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, achieve herd immunity to prevent and protect the society, strengthen the health system, maintain productivity and minimize social and economic impacts. Before approval, vaccines have to undergo several clinical trials to ensure its safety profile, efficacy, duration of immune system resistance, and adverse effect. Various strategies have been used in the development of vaccines including viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines, inactivated virus, live attenuated virus, subunit protein¸and virus-like particle vaccine. Each strategy has its own advantages and disadvantages
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Rambutan Peel Extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) in Inhibiting the Growth of Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria
Get PDFBackgrounds. This research is a study that seeks to explore the potential of rambutan extract in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria, where this bacterium is one of the bacteria that is often found in the oral cavity and often causes infections and dental and oral problems.
Methods. This research is an experimental study in vitro. This study aims to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone of rambutan peel extract on Enterococcus faecalis. Rambutan peel extracts were tested at levels of 5%, 7.5% and 10% with NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) 2.5% control, where each test group was tested on 6 culture plates of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
Results. The 10% rambutan peel extract group had the highest inhibition zone diameter of 12.4 ± 1.21 mm. Rambutan peel extract 5% - 10% showed a higher inhibition zone diameter than the control NaOCl 2.5%. The results of the effectiveness test of the diameter of the inhibition zone between the test groups. Rambutan peel extracts 5%, 7.5% and 10% showed different levels of inhibition zone diameter compared to 2.5% NaOCl. Rambutan peel extract 5%, 7.5%, and 10% had a higher diameter of the inhibition zone than the 2.5% NaOCl control.
Conclusion. Rambutan peel extract 5%, 7.5% and 10% were more effective in inhibiting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis than control NaOCl
Early Clinical Outcome of Limb Salvage Surgery of Osteosarcoma in the Lower Extremity Using Liquid Nitrogen
Get PDFBackground. Osteosarcoma in the lower extremity has become a challenge for orthopedic surgeons to manage because surgeons need to preserve the affected joint's functions and retain stability as physiologic as possible. Thus, limb salvage surgery may be the treatment of choice. One of the techniques using liquid nitrogen provides better functionality and efficacy in preventing recurrence.
Methods. From October 2020 to October 2021, 7 patients with primary musculoskeletal sarcoma underwent limb salvage surgery (LSS) by wide resection of the tumor and reconstruction using recycled Autograft treated with liquid nitrogen. The resected bone was dipped in liquid nitrogen for 15 min and thawed at room temperature for 15 min. The recycled bone was re-implanted into its original site and stabilized with internal fixation, and some of them followed with arthroplasty.
Results. Average age was 14.14 years old. The most common site was the distal femur which was found in 3 cases (42,8%). During the 6-months-follow-up period, all patients had a good function (mean functional MSTS score of 90%) with one case of local recurrence in the re-implanted bone and one case of infection. No metastasis was reported in any patient.
Conclusion. Satisfying functional results were recorded in all subjects treated with cryosurgery in Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang with equal results with studies around the world
The Effect of Giving Probiotic Drinks on Reducing Halitosis
Get PDFBackground. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant odor caused by oral microbes comes out of a person's mouth during exhalation, which makes other people feel uncomfortable. Probiotics seek to maintain the homeostasis of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract to suppress the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to evaluate the potential of probiotics against halitosis as assessed by the levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs).
Methods. The design of this study is an experimental study with a pre-post test approach. A total of 30 research subjects with criteria aged 20-28 years with complaints of halitosis seek treatment at the dental and oral polyclinic of Siti Hajar Hospital. Research subjects were asked to rinse their mouth with one of the commercial probiotic drinks already circulating in the market, where previously the levels of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) and after rinsing the probiotic drink, the levels of VSCs were measured again. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS version 21 software. A univariate data analysis was carried out to obtain an overview of the distribution of degrees and levels of Volatile, Sulfur Compounds (VSCs) before, and after giving drinks probiotics.
Results. The provision of probiotic drinks is sufficient to provide a significant qualitative change effect where there is a change in the degree of halitosis of the research subjects. After consuming probiotics, there was an improvement in the degree of halitosis of the research subjects, whereas there were no more subjects with severe halitosis.
Conclusion. Consumption of probiotic drinks can reduce the levels of VSCs in the oral cavity, which indicates the ability of probiotics to reduce halitosis
Differences Post Delivery of Term Pregnancy Mean Maternal Serum Magnesium Level with Low Versus Normal Birth Weight
Get PDFBackground. Impaired fetal growth is still a major problem in obstetrics. Birth weight is usually used as an indicator of the well-being of the newborn and as an indirect measure of intrauterine nutrition during pregnancy and the mother's nutritional status during pregnancy. Magnesium contribute as a cofactor for various enzymes in the human body for metabolic processes. Fetal magnesium is obtained from maternal by transport through the placenta. In conditions of low magnesium levels will affect the epigenetic process, HPA-axis and GH-IGF axis of the fetus which in turn will result in fetal growth disorders. This study aims to determine the differences postdelivery serum magnesium levels of women at term pregnancy who give birth with low vs normal birth weight.
Methods. This study used an observational analytic method with a cross sectional approach. Conducted from April 2020-December 2020 at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Central General Hospital and Network Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University. Total of 44 samples were divided into 2 groups, women who gave birth with low and normal birth weight babies. Samples was carried out at the Pramitha Padang Private Clinical Laboratory.
Results: The mean maternal serum magnesium level in low birth weight group was 1.97 ± 0.16 mg/dL lower than normal birth weight group was 2.06 ± 0.14 mg/dL. Statistic test using the independent sample T test showed no differences in both groups (p = 0.064).
Conclusion. The mean maternal serum magnesium level in low birth weight 1.97±0.16 mg/dL. The mean maternal serum magnesium level in normal birth weight was 2.06 ± 0.14 mg/dL. There was no significant difference on both groups
The Effect of Ethanolic Extract from Moringa oleifera Leaves in Collagen Density and Numbers of New Capillary Vessel Count on Wistar Rats Burn Wound
Get PDFBackground: Burns are a major cause of morbidity, including prolonged length of stay and disability, which requires no small amount of treatment costs. Currently, there are many studies to accelerate the healing of wounds, one of which is with Moringa oleifera (MO). This study aimed to prove the effect of ethanolic extract from MO leaves on collagen density and new capillary vessel count on Wistar rats' burn wounds.
Methods: This research is randomized post-test only with a control group design. Twenty-four male Wistar rats induced burn wounds and were randomly divided into 4 groups which were given topical medicine once daily for 10 days; P1 (MO leaves extract 10%), P2 (Silver Sulfadiazine + MO leaves extract 10%), P3 (SSD), and P4 (negative control). Collagen density was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with Mann-Whitney Test. New capillary vessel count was assessed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and One Way ANOVA. The correlation test between two variables was tested using the Spearman test.
Results: Collagen Density shows significant difference in group P1 compared to P4 (p=0,016), group P2 compared to P3 (p=0,047), group P2 compared to P4 (p=0,009). A significant increase in new capillary blood vessel counts was seen in group P1 compared to P3 and P4 (p=0.001; 0,000) and group P2 compared to P3 and P4 (p=0,000;0,000). A positive correlation was found between the new capillary blood vessel count and epithelization percentage (p=0,001), with a strong correlation (rho=0,682).
Conclusion: Ethanolic extract from Moringa oleifera leaves proved to be effective in increasing collagen density and new capillary vessel count
Pathogenesis Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFThe pathogenesis of COVID-19 occurs in 3 phases according to the pathophysiology and clinical degree. The three phases are grouped into the initial phase of infection, the pulmonary phase, and the hyperinflammatory phase. The initial phase of infection begins with the inoculation of the virus into host cells. This virus infects cells in the airways that line the alveoli. SARS CoV-2 will bind to receptors found on the epithelium of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and endothelium of blood vessels and make its way into cells. The second phase is the pulmonary phase. In this phase, there is viral multiplication and inflammation in the lungs. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptor causes ACE2 deficiency and an imbalance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In the third phase, namely hyper inflammation, excessive cytokine production after SARS-CoV-2 infection will increase the permeability of the capillary wall membrane around the infected alveoli, causing edema, pulmonary dyspnea, and hypoxemia. The presence of plasma fluid in the alveoli and loss of elasticity due to decreased surfactant function due to type 2 pneumocyte infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection causes acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients
High Altitude Pulmonary Physiology
Get PDFHigh altitude is defined as regions above 2400 meters above sea level. Almost 2% of the world’s population dwells in high-altitude regions of the world. The respiratory system plays an important role in determining survival and undergoes a series of adaptive changes to compensate for hypobaric hypoxic states (decreased barometric pressure with increasing altitude) including increased alveolar ventilation, diffusion capacity, pulmonary vascular vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, shifted of oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and polycythemia. Being at a high altitude suddenly without compensation can be bad and cause medical problems that will arise when at an altitude due to a decrease in PaO2 caused by a drop in barometric pressure
The Relationship between Germ Patterns and Severity of Diabetic Ulcers Based on Wagner's Score at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition of increasing blood sugar levels which increases the risk of macrovascular and microvascular damage, thereby reducing the quality of life of the sufferer. One of the common complications in people with diabetes mellitus is diabetic ulcers. The classification system commonly used to determine the degree of diabetic ulcers is Wagner's criteria, which consists of 5 degrees of severity. Diabetic wounds become a place for bacterial growth and the production of exudate, which results in a longer healing process and causes tissue damage.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional analytic observational study in diabetic ulcer patients treated at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang. The sampling technique in this study was consecutive sampling. The subjects of this study amounted to 36 people, with the majority aged >50 years and the female sex being found more than the male. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 through univariate and bivariate analysis.
Results: The grades of diabetic ulcers in the treated patients ranged from mild to severe. All subjects in this study had monomicrobial results. Gram-negative bacteria were the most commonly found, namely, 77.8%. In this study, there was no significant relationship between bacterial patterns and the severity of diabetic ulcers based on Wagner in patients treated at Dr. M Djamil General Hospital Padang (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: Klebsiella sp is the most common type of bacteria that causes diabetic ulcers. No polymicrobial bacteria were found in this study. No correlation was found between the pattern of germs and the severity of diabetic ulcers in patients treated at Dr. M Djamil General Hospital, Padang