Bioscientia Medicina - Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research
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Correlation between Facial Skin Damage Due to UV Exposure and Facial Skin Porphyrin Level: Study on Students of SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: UV exposure causes physical and chemical damage. UV causes damage to the skin barrier physically due to the heating process. Meanwhile, chemically, UV causes the formation of oxidants which are responsible for the process of oxidative stress. Damage to skin cells causes loss of the body's natural barrier against various threats from microorganisms. Propionibacterium acnes is one of the commensal bacteria on the skin, which will produce products in the form of porphyrins. This study aimed to determine the correlation between UV-induced skin damage and porphyrin levels in SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 92 research subjects who were students of SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta, Indonesia, participated in this study. Facial skin porphyrin levels and levels of facial skin damage due to sun exposure (UV damage proportion) as measured by a skin analyzer. UV damage and porphyrin assessments according to the T Zone and V Zone regions and obtained the average results from the 3 regions. Correlation analysis was performed with the help of SPSS software.
Results: The higher the percentage of skin damage due to UV correlated positively with the higher the percentage of porphyrin levels, with a value of r = 0.529.
Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between UV-induced skin damage and porphyrin levels in students of SMA Kalam Kudus II Jakarta, Indonesia
Comparison of Antibacterial Effectiveness of Rambutan Leaf Extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) and Tin Leaf Extract (Ficus carica L.) to Streptococcus mutans
Get PDFBackground: Caries is an infectious disease accompanied by damage to the surface tissue of enamel, dentin and extends toward the pulp. Microorganisms that have a role in the formation of caries, namely Streptococcus mutans. Rambutan leaves and tin leaves are plants that have an antibacterial effect. This study aimed to compare the antibacterial effects of rambutan and tin leaves on the bacteria Streptococcus mutans.
Methods: In vitro experimental studies. A total of 30 petri dishes that have been added 1-2 ose of bacterial culture Streptococcus mutans and MHA (mueller hinton agar) were used in this study, with 10 test groups, namely 2 control groups, 4 rambutan leaves extract test groups, and 4 tin leaves extract test groups. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS using univariate and bivariate.
Results: Extracts of rambutan leaves and tin leaves show the ability to inhibit the bacterial growth of Streptococcus mutans, along with increasing the dose of the extract. However, the inhibition ability of tin leaf extract was not as great as that of rambutan leaf extract at the same concentration.
Conclusion: Rambutan leaf extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) has effectiveness as an antibacterial Streptococcus mutans more optimal than tin leaf extract (Ficus carica L.)
Profile of Skin Prick Test in Urticaria Patients: 5 Years Retrospective Study at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Urticaria is a skin disorder due to the release of mast cell mediators, which is characterized by raised skin (urtica) accompanied by itching. Skin prick test (SPT) is a rapid, sensitive test for detecting IgE-mediated allergic disease. This study aimed to determine the profile of SPT in urticaria patients.
Methods: A descriptive observational study involving 67 research subjects retrospectively using medical record data for the period January 2017-June 2022. Univariate data analysis was carried out in this study with the help of SPSS version 25 software.
Results: A total of 67 urticarial patients with positive results on the SPT investigation found that there were more women (71.64%) than men (28.36%), with the most age group being 16-25 years old with 16 patients, followed by 13 patients aged 56-65 years, 12 patients aged 46-55 years, 10 patients aged 36-45 years, 9 years of 26-35 years, 5 patients aged ≥ 65 years and the last age group, namely ≤ 15 years of age in 2 patients. Distribution of urticaria with the most locations in the generalized region, with as many as 20 patients (29.85%), followed by the extremity region with as many as 18 patients (26.87%), the facial region with as many as 17 patients (25.37%) and the least location in the trunk region as many as 12 patients (17.91%). Allergen tests that caused the most were house dust in 21 patients (11.86%), crabs in 18 patients (10.17%), and egg yolk in 11 patients (6.21%).
Conclusion: Skin prick test profile at the dermatology and venereology polyclinic, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, for the period January 2017-June 2022, where the results obtained were that there were more women than men, the largest age group was 16-25 years, the most common distribution of urticaria locations was found in the generalized region and the most common allergens caused by house dust
The Effectiveness of Antiplatelet Therapy in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFCoagulopathy is a feature of severe COVID-19 disease and contributes to an increased risk of thromboembolic complications and death. This literature review aimed to describe the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in COVID-19 patients. There is an inverse relationship between the likelihood of COVID-19 infection, duration of illness and death, and use of antiplatelets for primary prevention. A study showed that COVID-19 patients who did not receive antiplatelet drugs had three times the risk of dying with antiplatelet drugs. This study shows the strong effect of antiplatelet drugs on reducing the mortality rate of COVID-19 patients. Another study showed that COVID-19 patients who received antiplatelet drugs had 1.18 times the risk of dying than those without antiplatelet drugs. This study shows that antiplatelet therapy does not affect the reduction in mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. In conclusion, the effectiveness of antiplatelet administration in COVID-19 patients is still unclear, so further research is needed
The Role of Virtual Reality in Cancer Pain Management: A Systematic Literature Review
Get PDFBackground: Virtual reality (VR) is a 3D environment-based simulation using computer technology that creates a realistic multi-sensorial experience. VR allows users to simulate real-world scenarios in a safe, attractive virtual space. Immersive VR has been proposed as a non-pharmacologic approach to cancer pain management. This systematic review aimed to explore the role of virtual reality in cancer pain management.
Methods: The current review was conducted and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This study used PICO consisting of population: adult patients with cancer pain, intervention: virtual reality, comparison: placebo, outcome: reducing cancer pain.
Results: Four studies of moderate to the high quality that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed in this study. Two studies show VR can reduce stress and anxiety and increase relaxation. Two RCTs demonstrated the effectiveness of VR in reducing cancer pain.
Conclusion: Virtual reality technology can help to reduce cancer pain. In addition to pain severity, other parameters such as fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress also were decreased. VR also could increase the level of relaxation. Virtual reality's role in reducing pain can have good implications for cancer pain management and increasing patient comfort
Antibacterial Effectiveness of Jatropha Leaf Extract (Jatropha curcas L.) against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: In Vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Periodontal disease is one of the most common dental and oral health problems. Periodontal disease is characterized by inflammation as well as damage to the periodontal tissues, including the alveolar bone, cementum, gingiva, and the periodontal ligament. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is the dominant bacterium in cases of periodontitis. Jatropha curcas plant is one of the ingredients that has been widely used for traditional medicine in the community, especially for the leaves. This plant is rich in active compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins, which are effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha extract (Jatropha curcas L.) as an antibacterial against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.
Methods: In vitro experimental studies. A total of 28 petri dishes contained bacterial colonies Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were used and divided into 7 test groups, treatment, and control groups. Obtained data were analyzed using SPSS program.
Results: Jatropha extract treatment group with a concentration of 35% to 65% had optimal antibacterial abilities as the dose increased. This study also showed that at a concentration of 25%, Jatropha curcas extract did not have the antibacterial ability.
Conclusion: Jatropha curcas extract has an antibacterial effect as the concentration of the extract increases againts Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Asthma as a Protective Factor against COVID-19 Infection: A Narrative Literature Review
Get PDFAsthma and COPD comorbidities are expected to exacerbate the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. However, many reported studies show that asthmatic patients infected with COVID-19 do not show severe clinical manifestations, and some are asymptomatic. This literature review aimed to describe COVID-19 in asthmatic patients along with the hypothesis that asthma is a protective factor against COVID-19 infection. Systemic corticosteroids have been shown to reduce the death/mortality rate in patients who are hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection. This is possibly due to the suppression of the immune system against a hyperinflammatory state which can result in further damage from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucus hypersecretion, which is one of the hallmarks of asthma, can prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus from reaching the distal lung and can protect the lungs from pathological processes. The secreted mucus is rich in glycoproteins, such as MUC5AC, which act as the first line of defense against infection. Mucus hypersecretion in asthmatic patients may prevent SARS-CoV-2 from penetrating far enough to gain access to type-2 alveolar cells, which are the cells that predominantly express ACE2 in the lungs. In conclusion, comorbid asthma in patients infected with COVID-19 does not cause adverse clinical manifestations to appear, but on the contrary, it will have a protective effect on patients
Characteristics of Adult Sepsis Patients Admitted to Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic shock is the most dangerous complication of sepsis, characterized by abnormalities in the circulatory and metabolic systems. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of adult sepsis patients admitted to the department of internal medicine of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This research was a descriptive study and used secondary data from medical records. Samples in this study were medical record data from the medical record installation of Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. The inclusion criteria were adult patients aged more than 18 years old, diagnosed with sepsis, and hospitalized in the department of internal medicine for the period of January 2020 to December 2021.
Results: Most of the sepsis patients were mostly aged more than 60 years old (51.7%), female (57.2%), and had normal BMI scores (59.3%). The infections mainly originated from the lungs (80%), the most common comorbid disease was chronic kidney disease (26.4%), the most frequent causing microorganism was Escherichia coli (15.9%), the frequent degree of severity was a septic shock (60%), and cefepime was used as the initial empirical antibiotic (44.8%).
Conclusion: Most sepsis patients were adults aged more than 60 years old and females, with the focus on infection originating from the lungs, degree of severity in the form of septic shock, and the most used initial empirical antibiotic, namely cefepime.
 
The Relationship between Clinical Appearance and Albumin Levels in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) Patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Pulmonary TB is strongly associated with malnutrition. Malnutrition is often found in pulmonary TB patients, especially hospitalized patients, and can worsen the treatment and recovery outcomes of pulmonary TB patients. Pulmonary TB patients can experience a significant decrease in albumin levels, and albumin is the largest protein in blood plasma. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the patient's clinical appearance and albumin levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia.
Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with a retrospective cohort approach. A total of 177 research subjects participate in this study. Observations on sociodemographic data, clinical data, and laboratory data were carried out in this study. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25 univariate and bivariate.
Results: Clinical appearance of pulmonary TB patients treated in the pulmonary ward isolation room at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia, which is significantly related to albumin levels is BMI (underweight and normal) and complications pneumothorax (p<0.05); while other clinical appearances such as onset and complications of coughing up blood, pleural effusion, hydropneumothorax, and without complications not related to albumin levels (p>0.05).
Conclusion: BMI (underweight and normal) and complications pneumothorax is a clinical picture related to albumin levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
The Relationship between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio to Intestinal Viability in Invagination Patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Invagination is an acute condition in the pediatric abdomen that results in obstruction and constriction of blood vessels (strangulation) in the proximal intestinal mesenterium trapped in the distal intestine, allowing necrosis of surrounding tissue. Intestinal necrosis and perforation in children are causes of abdominal emergencies that require immediate surgery. In supporting examinations, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and biomarker combination ratios have been used for early detection of systemic inflammatory markers. The threshold value of several biomarkers should be investigated to assess the occurrence of strangulation in the pre-operative period in invaginated patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and intestinal viability in pediatric patients with invagination.
Methods: This study used retrospective analytic data collection from medical records of invagination patients at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital Padang for the period January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022.
Results: The majority of subjects were male (53.8%) at the age of ≤ 1 year, with as many as 87.2% having a diagnosis of operative invagination (76.9%) and 56.4% having intestinal viability. The mean neutrophil, lymphocyte, and NLR values were 62.15±17.68, 19.03±8.97, and 3.74±1.55, respectively. The pathological NLR status was found to be 59%. The p-value for the association of diagnosis with intestinal viability was 0.002. The p-value for the relationship between NLR and intestinal viability was 0.001, and the r-calculated was -0.528.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between NLR value and disease diagnosis on intestinal viability