University of Extremadura
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Model-Driven Development Towards Distributed Intelligent Systems
No full textA Distributed Intelligent System (DIS) encompasses a set of intelligent subsystems and components that collaborate to perform tasks and solve problems. Given the advancements of paradigms such as the Internet of Things, along with the advancements of technologies such as Machine Learning and Digital Twins, DISs are on the rise. These systems are increasingly integrating components that perform intelligent functions, and these intelligent functions are increasingly heterogeneous and varied. Moreover, there is no standardized framework to help researchers and practitioners adequately address DISs. As a result, the complexity, interoperability issues, and development time and costs of these systems are growing. However, Model-Driven Development (MDD) can help to address these challenges by providing a Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for developing DISs. In this work, a DSL for the design, validation, generation, and deployment of DISs is proposed. Firstly, the proposed DSL captures in a metamodel the key and high-level abstract concepts of the distinct DISs documented in the literature. Then, it allows modeling of DISs conforming to this metamodel. Subsequently, the DSL enables formal validation of the modeled systems. Lastly, it allows the generation and deployment of all DISs into production. Therefore, the work undertaken in this communication provides a methodological, formal, and standardized approach to defining and developing DISs from a high level of abstraction. This work allows users to address DISs by facilitating agility, minimizing manual tasks, and reducing the number of defects introduced in their development. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed DSL, a real case study of an agricultural digital twin is presented.TThis work was sponsored by Project TED2021-129194B-I00, funded by grant no. MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and for European Union’s NextGenerationEU/PRTR; the Government of Extremadura, Council for Economy, Science and Digital Agenda under grant no. GR21133 and project IB20058, and by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).peerReviewe
La Integración de Contenidos y Lengua en la Educación Superior: una aproximación a la colaboración docente en un centro politécnico portugués de enseñanza superior
No full textEsta tesis doctoral analiza el impacto de la Autonomía, Colegialidad y Competencia Lingüística del profesorado en la Colaboración Docente para la Integración de Contenidos y Lenguas en la Educación Superior (ICLES) en la Universidad Politécnica de Castelo Branco (IPCB) utilizando un enfoque de métodos mixtos. Se emplearon un cuestionario, respondido por 194 profesores y analizado con SmartPLS, y 8 entrevistas semi-estructuradas, analizadas temáticamente con NVivo.
Los resultados obtenidos indican que la Autonomía y la Colegialidad del profesorado influyen en la Colaboración Docente. La autopercepción de una alta autonomía puede fomentar enfoques innovadores. Aunque los entrevistados no participan habitualmente en enseñanza colaborativa mediante interacciones colegiadas, esto podría ser un punto de partida para la colaboración docente. El profesorado se siente competente para enseñar en inglés, pero argumenta que no les corresponde abordar problemas lingüísticos específicos, aunque reconocen la necesidad de formación en este ámbito. Además, perciben que el dominio del inglés de sus estudiantes es insuficiente para seguir clases impartidas en ese idioma, lo que podría obstaculizar la implementación de un modelo ICLES.
Estos hallazgos enfatizan la importancia de la colaboración interdisciplinar entre profesores en enfoques bilingües dentro de los contextos de ICLES y de Inglés como Medio de Instrucción (EMI). Al evaluar la Autonomía, la Colegialidad, la Colaboración y la Competencia Lingüística del profesorado en la enseñanza en inglés, esta investigación identifica condiciones óptimas para la colaboración entre profesores dentro de una institución específica de educación superior en Portugal, que podrían ser aplicable en entornos similares.This PhD dissertation employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data analyses to investigate the impact of Teacher Autonomy, Teacher Collegiality and Language Competence on Teacher Collaboration for Integrated Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE) within the context of the Polytechnic University of Castelo Branco (IPCB). Involving 194 lecturers, the study employed a questionnaire, analysed through SmartPLS and 8 semi-structured interviews, analysed thematically usingNVivo.
Results indicate that Teacher Autonomy and Teacher Collegiality influence Teacher Collaboration. A self-perceived high degree of autonomy may be used to implement new and innovative approaches. While IPCB lecturers do not use collegial interactions to engage in teaching collaborations with each other, it may be a starting point for collaboration. IPCB teachers believe they have adequate language competence to teach in English but argue that it is not their task to focus on specific language issues even though they recognise their need for training in this area. Lecturers view their students' English language skills as generally insufficient for participating in English taught classes as a potential obstacle for ICLHE implementation.
These findings contribute to the field of ICLHE/CLIL by highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary teacher collaboration for effective implementation of bilingual approaches in the context of both ICLHE and EMI. By assessing Teacher Autonomy, Collegiality, Collaboration and Language Competence to teach through the medium of English, this research sheds light into the optimal conditions for teacher collaboration in a particular Portuguese higher education institution which may be replicated in similar contexts
Temporal stability of management zone patterns: case study with contact and non-contact soil electrical conductivity sensors in dryland pastures
No full textPrecision agriculture (PA) intends to validate technological tools that capture soil and crop spatial variability, which constitute the basis for the establishment of differentiated management zones (MZs). Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) sensors are commonly used to survey soil spatial variability. It is essential for surveys to have temporal stability to ensure correct medium- and long-term decisions. The aim of this study was to assess the temporal stability of MZ patterns using different types of ECa sensors, namely an ECa contact-type sensor (Veris 2000 XA, Veris Technologies, Salina, KS, USA) and an electromagnetic induction sensor (EM-38, Geonics Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada). These sensors were used in four fields of dryland pastures in the Alentejo region of Portugal. The first survey was carried out in October 2018, and the second was carried out in September 2020. Data processing involved synchronizing the geographic coordinates obtained using the two types of sensors in each location and establishing MZs based on a geostatistical analysis of elevation and ECa data. Although the basic technologies have different principles (contact versus non-contact sensors), the surveys were carried out at different soil moisture conditions and were temporarily separated (about 2 years); the ECa measurements showed statistically significant correlations in all experimental fields (correlation coefficients between 0.449 and 0.618), which were reflected in the spatially stable patterns of the MZ maps (averaging 52% of the total area across the four experimental fields). These results provide perspectives for future developments, which will need to occur in the creation of algorithms that allow the spatial variability and temporal stability of ECa to be validated through smart soil sampling and analysis to generate recommendations for sustained soil amendment or fertilization.This research was funded by national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science andTechnology) under Project UIDB/05183/2020.peerReviewe
El patrimonio controversial como medio para la formación de una ciudadanía crítica. Del debate al aprendizaje
No full textEn este estudio se propone una práctica con patrimonio controversial como una forma de generar debate y reflexiones que contribuyan a la formación de una ciudadanía ecosocialmente comprometida, democrática, libre, crítica y responsable con su entorno y, también, con el entorno ajeno, promoviendo emociones, valores y el desarrollo de competencias que potencien la capacidad de acción. Esta experiencia educativa se realiza con alumnos de una escuela secundaria de Guimarães (Portugal) en la asignatura de Historia. En ella, se trabaja un tema controvertido como es la independencia de Portugal de España en el siglo xvii, poniendo de manifiesto la vinculación de ambos países y potenciando el aprendizaje mediante elementos patrimoniales de diversa índole.notPeerReviewe
Gender and stress, anxiety, depression in psychology studentes: a post-confinement study due to covid-19
No full textIntroducción: Una de las medidas más eficaces durante la pandemia de Covid-19 para disminuir los riesgos de contagio, fue el confinamiento en las casas, sin embargo, su repercusión ha sido negativa para la salud mental de la población; y los estudiantes universitarios no han quedado exentos de padecer estrés y sintomatologías ansiosas - depresivas. Objetivo: Conocer la relación existente entre género y estrés, ansiedad, depresión en estudiantes de Psicología. Todo ello con el fin de diseñar estrategias de intervención y tratamiento de la salud mental, en esta población. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo transversal, de corte inferencial correlacional, mediante muestreo intencional por conveniencia. Participaron 1069 estudiantes de Psicología, de la Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, en Lima, el 77% (n=823) mujeres, 23% (n=246) hombres; edades entre 16 a 67 años (X=20.96, DS= 4,6). Utilizamos SPSSv26 para análisis de estadística descriptiva y comparaciones.
Instrumentos utilizados: Cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos (ad hoc), Escalas de Depresión Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Resultados: 1) En cuanto al estrés, no existen diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres. 2) Referente a la ansiedad, sí existen diferencias significativas, los hombres muestran mayor frecuencia de niveles normales de ansiedad, mientras que en las mujeres se evidencia mayor frecuencia de niveles moderados de ansiedad. 3) En lo concerniente a la depresión, la diferencia es ligeramente significativa entre hombres y mujeres,siendo mayor los niveles elevados, en ellas. Conclusiones: Durantelaetapa post-confinamiento por Covid-19, en los estudiantes de Psicología participantes, el género influye directamente en los niveles de ansiedad, siendo significativo que en las mujeres sea mayor la frecuencia de niveles moderados de ansiedad, que en los hombresIntroduction: In order to decrease the risks of infection during the Covid-19 pandemic, one of the most effective measures was the confinement . Nevertheless, its repercution has had a negative impact in the mental health of the population, and the University students have not been exempted fro suffering stress and anxious-depressive symptomatology. Objective: To know the relationship between gender and stress, anxiety and depression in Psychology students. All this in order to create intervention strategies, and mental health treatment in this population. Method: A transversal quantitative study was carried out, by an inferential correlational, by a convenience intentional simple. In the study 1069 Psychology students participated, of the Private University San Juan Bautista, in Lima, 77% (n=823) women, 23% (n=246), men: ages between 16 to 67 years (X=20.96, DS= 4,6 ). We used SPSSv26 for descriptive statistics analysis and comparisons. Means Used: Sociodemographic data questionnaire (ad hoc). Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) ((Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Results: 1) In term of stress, there are not significant differences between men and women. 2) Concerning anxiety, there are significant differences, men show a higher frequency of normal levels of anxiety, while in women there is a higher frequency of moderate levels of anxiety. 3) On the depression, the difference is slightly significant between men and women, beig greater the high levels in
women. Conclusions: During the post-confinement period, caused by Covid-19, in the participating Psychology students, gender directly influences levels of anxiety. It is significant that the frequency of moderate levels of anxiety is higher in women tan in men.peerReviewe
O rácio carga de trabalho aguda:crónica em jugadores profissionais de basquetebol – é uma ferramenta útil para o controlo da carga?
No full textEl incremento de competiciones en baloncesto profesional ha generado un creciente interés en el control de la carga de los jugadores. El Ratio Agudo: Crónico es una herramienta muy común para controlar la variación de la carga en equipos profesionales. Sin embargo, se dan situaciones específicas en las que el RA:C está limitado si no se dispone de un histórico de los valores de carga. El objetivo de esta intervención fue analizar la carga de un equipo profesional a través del RA:C, incluyendo una revisión retrospectiva de su curva en aquellos escenarios en los que se desea obtener valores precisos de carga sin disponer de un histórico de las cargas de los jugadores. Un equipo profesional de diez jugadores participó en el estudio. Los dispositivos inerciales WIMU Pro fueron utilizados para cuantificar la carga de los jugadores durante el entrenamiento. Las variables de este estudio fueron la carga externa objetiva y subjetiva, la carga aguda y la carga crónica. Los resultados muestran la existencia de lesiones cuando la carga incrementa de manera desproporcional y figuran valores de riesgo de lesión en los jugadores. La incidencia lesional es del 20% cuando se superan los valores de riesgo. El estudio corrobora que el Ratio Agudo: Crónico es una herramienta práctica y útil para monitorizar la carga y su evolución durante el mesociclo sin realizar posteriores análisis estadísticos. Además, es útil para conocer las cargas de manera eminentemente práctica, encontrando asociaciones no causales con la apariencia de lesiones. Se recomienda una revisión retrospectiva de la curva cuando se desea conocer los valores de riesgo lesional y no se dispone de datos de una preintervención.The increasing number of competitions in professional basketball has increased the interest in controlling player loads. The Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio is a very common tool for controlling load variation in professional teams. However, there are specific situations in which the ACWR is limited if no historical load values are available. The objective of this intervention was to analyze the workload of a professional basketball team through the ACWR, including a retrospective review of its curve for those scenarios in which it is desired to obtain accurate values of injury risk without players’ previous load values. A ten-player professional men’s team participated in this study. WIMU Pro brand inertial devices were used to quantify player load during training. The variables in this study were objective and subjective external load, acute load and chronic load. The results show the existence of injuries when the load is disproportionately increased and enters very high risk values. The incidence of injury is 20% when the risk values are exceeded. The study corroborates that the Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio is a practical and useful tool to monitor the load and its evolution throughout the mesocycle without further statistical analysis. In addition, it is useful to know when to control the players' loads from an eminently practical point of view, finding non-causal relationships with the appearance of injuries. A retrospective review of the values is recommended if it is desired to refine the injury risk value in those measurements where pre-intervention load rates are not available.O crescente número de competições no basquetebol profissional tem aumentado o interesse no controlo das cargas dos jogadores. O rácio de carga de trabalho aguda:crónica é uma ferramenta muito comum para controlar a variação de carga nas equipas profissionais. No entanto, existem situações específicas em que o ACWR é limitado se não existirem valores históricos de carga disponíveis. O objetivo desta intervenção foi analisar a carga de trabalho de uma equipa profissional de basquetebol através do ACWR, incluindo uma revisão retrospetiva da sua curva para aqueles cenários em que se pretende obter valores precisos de risco de lesão sem os valores de carga anteriores dos jogadores. Participou neste estudo uma equipa profissional masculina de dez jogadores. Foram utilizados dispositivos inerciais da marca WIMU Pro para quantificar a carga dos jogadores durante o treino. As variáveis deste estudo foram a carga externa objetiva e subjectiva, a carga aguda e a carga crónica. Os resultados mostram a existência de lesões quando a carga é aumentada de forma desproporcionada e entra em valores de risco muito elevados. A incidência de lesões é de 20% quando os valores de risco são ultrapassados. O estudo corrobora que o rácio carga de trabalho aguda:crónica é uma ferramenta prática e útil para monitorizar a carga e a sua evolução ao longo do mesociclo sem uma análise estatística mais aprofundada. Além disso, é útil para saber quando controlar as cargas dos jogadores de um ponto de vista eminentemente prático, encontrando relações não causais com o aparecimento de lesões. Recomenda-se uma revisão retrospetiva dos valores se se pretender aperfeiçoar o valor do risco de lesão nas medições em que não se dispõe de taxas de carga pré-intervenção.peerReviewe
Need to put an end to the procrastination of the model of administration of juvenile justice in Cuba
No full textLa investigación aborda la necesidad de modificar el modelo de administración de justicia de menores en Cuba que data de 1982 y que aún contiene rasgos del sistema tutelar que se aplica para los menores inimputables penalmente. Sobre la base de la ratificación por Cuba de la Convención sobre los derechos del niño y la tan necesaria migración hacia un modelo de responsabilidad y garantista. De igual modo, se reflexiona sobre la debida uniformidad en la atención a la persona menor de edad; proponiendo la eliminación de utilizar el derecho penal indiferenciado para los menores de dieciocho años y mayores de dieciséis, imputables penalmente, según lo dispuesto en la ley penal Cubana.The investigation addresses the need to modify the model of administration of juvenile justice in Cuba that dates back to 1982 and that still contains features of the guardianship system that is applied to minors who are not criminally responsible. Based on Cuba is ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the much-needed migration towards a model of responsibility and guarantee. Likewise, we reflect on due uniformity in the care of minors; proposing the elimination of using undifferentiated criminal law for those under eighteen years of age and over sixteen who are criminally liable, according to the provisions of Cuban criminal law.peerReviewe
El Ministerio de Ultramar (1863-1899)
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Economía y EmpresaA raíz de las independencias americanas, volvió a plantearse cuál era la vía idónea para gobernar los territorios que aún se hallaban bajo la soberanía española. La decisión final fue explorar una opción hasta entonces desconocida: la creación de una dependencia superior que no reuniera todas las competencias, el Ministerio de Ultramar, similar a las Secretarías de Colonias de las grandes potencias europeas. Impidiendo el establecimiento de una Administración autónoma y de carácter descentralizado en las Antillas y Filipinas, se revigorizó el desiderátum de la Constitución de 1837, de construir un marco jurídico particular para ellas que se adaptara a su realidad socioeconómica, sin dotarlas de unos cuerpos con potestad para legislar o gobernar.Following the independence of the Spanish American colonies in the early 1800’s, the mother country began to consider different ways to rule the remaining territories. The ultimate resolution was to explore an unknown path, creating a higher instance that didn’t gather all the administrative powers. The Ministry of Overseas, therefore, mirrored those of the European Powers, such as the British Colonial Office and the Dutch Ministry of the Colonies. In addition, the birth of this Ministry not only put an end to the possibility of self-government in the overseas territories, but also reinforced the trend of the Spanish Constitution of 1837, which consisted of building a special legal frame for them
How patient evaluations of personalized care, trustworthiness, and facilities affect satisfaction in primary health care.
No full textCada vez se presta más atención a los enfoques centrados en el paciente por parte de los proveedores de atención médica, centrándose en las evaluaciones de los pacientes y en la satisfacción con el servicio prestado. Debido a que la atención primaria de salud representa una fracción significativa del presupuesto total de salud de cualquier país, y tiene una importancia considerable tanto en términos de bienestar de la población como del uso de recursos, existe una fuerte motivación para la investigación sobre el impacto de la atención personalizada ofrecida por los centros de atención de salud. Nuestros resultados muestran evidencia estadísticamente significativa con una muestra de 2.402 evaluaciones de pacientes, concluyendo que la atención personalizada es clave en la práctica de la gestión de la atención primaria de salud y aboga por esta forma de prestación de servicios de salud al afectar positivamente la confiabilidad del proveedor y la satisfacción del paciente y la percepción de las instalaciones.There is increasing attention to patient-centered approaches to health care providers focusing on patient evaluations and satisfaction with the service provided. Because primary health care accounts for a significant fraction of the total health budget of any country, and it has considerable importance in terms of both population’s well-being and resource use, there is a strong motivation for research on the impact of personalized care offered by health care facilities. Our results show statistically significant evidence with a sample of 2,402 patient evaluations, concluding that personalized care is key in primary health care management practice and advocates this form of health service delivery by positively affecting the provider’s trustworthiness and the patient’s satisfaction and perception of the facilities.Funder European Regional Development Fund Grant ID GR18123peerReviewe
Beyond the Whiteness Quota: Racism and Sexism as a Despotic Discipline in the Factory Economy of Rio de Janeiro (1945-60)
No full textO mito da democracia racial se esforça constantemente para ocultar na nossa memória as tensões e as hierarquias raciais. No caso deste artigo, debato como isso afeta a historiografia, sobretudo as da economia e dos mundos do trabalho. Portanto, numa crítica à ausência da experiência negra nas preocupações dos acadêmicos, proponho neste ensaio pensar caminhos teórico-metodológicos para refletirmos sobre o racismo como organizador de oportunidades e desumanizações na disciplina do trabalho fabril no Rio de Janeiro. No entanto, também interpreto atitudes tomadas pela experiência negra como conscientes de percepção e luta contra as imposições da branquitude.The myth of racial democracy constantly tries to hide from our memory tensions and hierarchies based on race privilege. In this article, I debate how this affects historiography, especially in the areas of economic and labor history. Denouncing the lack of concern among scholars for the black experience, in this essay I propose to consider theorical and methodological ways to reflect on racism as an organizer of opportunities and dehumanization in the discipline at industrial corporations in Rio de Janeiro. I also interpret attitudes taken by blacks as consciousness of the struggle against the impositions of whiteness.peerReviewe