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Connecting leaders and employees' affective commitment: A multilevel analysis
No full textVersión aceptada publicada en: Leadership & Organization Development Journal, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2023-0502OBJETIVO. Esta investigación pretende identificar si el compromiso organizativo afectivo de los líderes influye en el compromiso afectivo de los empleados tanto con el líder como con la organización. Además, el estudio explora el papel de la conciencia emocional de los empleados en la configuración de estas relaciones.
DISEÑO/METODOLOGÍA/ENFOQUE. Este estudio, que examina una muestra de 154 líderes y 249 empleados de empresas multinacionales, adopta un enfoque multinivel.
RESULTADOS. Los resultados revelan una influencia positiva entre los dos focos de compromiso (líderes y organización) tanto a nivel de líderes como de empleados. Además, se confirma que la conciencia emocional de los empleados desempeña un papel positivo en el proceso de compromiso.
IMPLICACIONES PRÁCTICAS. Esta investigación pone de relieve la importancia de aplicar políticas y medidas internas que tengan en cuenta los distintos focos de compromiso. Para fomentar el compromiso de los empleados, es crucial establecer una sólida alineación entre la gestión de recursos humanos y los líderes.
ORIGINALIDAD/VALOR. Este estudio se adentra en la exploración de dos focos de compromiso para profundizar en nuestra comprensión de la relación direccional entre ellos en el lugar de trabajo. Más concretamente, nuestra investigación escudriña el impacto del compromiso organizativo afectivo de los líderes en el compromiso afectivo de los empleados con la organización, al tiempo que analiza su influencia recíproca en el compromiso afectivo de los empleados hacia sus líderes.PURPOSE. This research aims to identify whether leaders’ affective organizational commitment influences employees’ affective commitment to both the leader and the organization. Additionally, the study explores the role of employees’ emotional awareness in shaping these relationships.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH. Examining a sample of 154 leaders and 249 employees in multinational companies, this study adopts a multilevel approach.
FINDINGS. The results reveal a positive influence between the two foci of commitment (leaders and organization) at both the leader and employee levels. Furthermore, it confirms that employees’ emotional awareness plays a positive role in the commitment process.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS. This research highlights the significance of implementing internal policies and measures that consider the various foci of commitment. To foster employees’ commitment, it is crucial to establish a robust alignment between human resources management and leaders.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE. This study delves into the exploration of two commitment foci to deepen our comprehension of the directional relationship between them in the workplace. More specifically, our research scrutinizes the impact of leaders’ affective organizational commitment on employees’ affective commitment to the organization, while also analyzing its reciprocal influence on employees’ affective commitment toward their leaders.peerReviewe
The Formation of the Salaried Labor Market in São Paulo: The Debate About the Inclusion of the Black Population in the Post-Abolition Period
No full textCom a abolição da escravatura e a criação de um mercado de trabalho supostamente livre, se iniciou o difícil processo de negociação entre libertos e seus ex-senhores. Frente a determinação dos proprietários em manter o domínio sobre seus trabalhadores, crenças de uma suposta inferioridade irremediável da população não branca foram amplamente reforçadas, ao mesmo tempo que foi subsidiado enorme fluxo de imigração europeia para São Paulo, atribuindo a modernização à imagem dos imigrantes e relegando a população negra à marginalização. A interpretação sobre esse processo, porém, não é homogênea, principalmente no que diz respeito a caracterização do “meio negro” e a melhor capacitação dos imigrantes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca apresentar o debate entre Clóvis Moura, Florestan Fernandes e George Reid Andrews acerca desse tema, com o objetivo de construir uma análise crítica sobre esse período crucial para a formação do mercado de trabalho assalariado de São PauloWith the end of slavery and the creation of a supposedly free labor market, the difficult process of negotiation between freed workers and their former masters began. Landowners were determined to maintain control over their workers. Beliefs in the supposed irremediable inferiority of the non-white population were largely reinforced, while at the same time, the state subsidized a huge flow of European immigration to São Paulo in the name of modernization while relegating the black population to marginalization. The interpretation of this process, however, is not homogeneous, especially with regard to the characterization of the “black environment” and the better training of immigrants. In this sense, this paper seeks to present the debate among Clóvis Moura, Florestan Fernandes, and George Reid Andrews on this topic, with the aim of building a critical analysis of this crucial period in the formation of the salaried labor market in São PaulopeerReviewe
Estilos de apego, regulación emocional y empatía, como factores y de riesgo en la violencia de pareja en jóvenes chilenos
No full textPrograma de doctorado en PsicologíaLa violencia en parejas jóvenes se ha convertido en un problema de salud mundial dada su alta prevalencia y efectos negativos. En este contexto, la mayor parte de las investigaciones realizadas se han centrado en la violencia de género en mujeres adultas, sin considerar las diferencias que este fenómeno adoptaría durante la juventud, época en la que la violencia mutua o bidireccional podría estar ampliamente extendida en las parejas abusivas. A partir de lo anterior, esta tesis doctoral analizó el fenómeno, considerando algunas de las variables más relevantes con las que los abusos podrían estar relacionados. La metodología de la investigación se fundamentó en un estudio cuantitativo, correlacional-multivariado y transversal. La muestra estuvo formada por 557 universitarios chilenos (30.7% hombres) de entre 18 y 29 años (M=21.62). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Multidimensional de Violencia en el Noviazgo (EMVN), la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional (DERS-E), la Escala de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR-R) y la Escala Básica de Empatía (EBS). Los resultados revelaron que la dificultad en la regulación emocional es un predictor clave de la violencia, cuya influencia estaría mediada por el estilo de apego de los jóvenes. Asimismo, no hay asociación entre el sexo y la violencia de pareja, confirmando la alta prevalencia de la violencia bidireccional en los jóvenes, especialmente desarrollada a través de ciberacoso. Por tanto, se sugieren estrategias de prevención de la violencia desde la primera infancia para ambos sexos, fomentando habilidades de regulación emocional, apego seguro y control parental.Violence in young couples has become a global health problem given its high prevalence and negative effects. In this context, most of the research carried out has focused on gender violence in adult women, without considering the differences that this phenomenon would adopt during youth, a time in which mutual or bidirectional violence could be widely widespread among abusive relationships. Based on the above, this doctoral thesis analysed the phenomenon, considering some of the most relevant variables with which the abuses could be related.
The research methodology was based on a quantitative, correlational-multivariate and cross-sectional study. The sample was made up of 557 Chilean university students (30.7% men) between 18 and 29 years old (M=21.62).
The instruments used were the Multidimensional Dating Violence Scale (EMVN), the Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS-E), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-R) and the Basic Empathy Scale (EBS).
The results revealed that difficulty in emotional regulation is a key predictor of violence, whose influence would be mediated by the attachment style of young people. Likewise, there is no association between sex and intimate partner violence, confirming the high prevalence of bidirectional violence in young people, especially developed through harassment online. Therefore, violence prevention strategies are suggested from early childhood for both sexes, promoting emotional regulation skills, secure attachment and parental control
Tourism reactivation in Extremadura (Spain): post-covid analysis of inland destinations
No full textLa investigación analiza la situación del turismo en Extremadura (España) en los últimos años para evaluar si la pandemia de COVID-19 ha sido una oportunidad para revitalizar estos destinos. Se realizó un análisis a nivel municipal utilizando variables contextuales e indicadores turísticos obtenidos de encuestas del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Los datos se procesaron y compararon mediante Sistemas de Información Geográfica, permitiendo una evaluación espacial y temporal. Los resultados proporcionan una visión detallada del estado actual del turismo en los municipios de Extremadura, determinando si se han recuperado los niveles de actividad previos a la pandemia e identificando los municipios con mejoras significativas en su potencial turístico durante el periodo estudiado.The research analyses the tourism situation in Extremadura (Spain) in recent years to assess whether the COVID-19 pandemic has been an opportunity to revitalise these destinations. An analysis was carried out at the municipal level using contextual variables and tourism indicators obtained from surveys of the National Institute of Statistics. The data were processed and compared using Geographic Information Systems, allowing for a spatial and temporal assessment. The results provide a detailed overview of the current state of tourism in the municipalities of Extremadura, determining whether pre-pandemic levels of activity have been recovered and identifying the municipalities with significant improvements in their tourism potential during the period studied.This publication has been made possible thanks to funding from the Ministry of Universities of the Government of Spain with the aid for university teacher training (FPU), reference FPU20/03830peerReviewe
Artroscopia terapéutica de la articulación temporomandibular: resultados a largo plazo
No full textPrograma de doctorado modelización y experimentación en ciencia y tecnologíaEl Trastorno Interno de la Articulación Temporomandibular (TIATM) se caracteriza por cambios en la dinámica de la articulación, y puede traer síntomas como disminución de la capacidad de apertura oral o dolor preauricular. Tras el examen clínico, la Resonancia Magnética (RMN) es la prueba de imagen preferida. La artroscopia es una técnica que permite el tratamiento quirúrgico mínimamente invasivo de los TIATM, además de una visualización directa del espacio articular superior. Sin embargo, la indicación de esta técnica no se encuentra estandarizada y los resultados pueden variar mucho entre grupos quirúrgicos. Analizamos la evolución a corto y largo plazo de 378 pacientes sometidos a una intervención artroscópica por TIATM, con el objetivo principal de identificar posibles predictores de éxito o fracaso quirúrgico. El objetivo secundario fue el estudio de las características clínicas y radiológicas y los hallazgos artroscópicos de los pacientes afectos de TIATM con el propósito de encontrar asociaciones clínicamente relevantes. Como herramienta para nuestro trabajo, establecimos el “éxito” tras la cirugía como el cumplimiento simultáneo de dos criterios en la última visita disponible: Máxima Apertura oral (MAO) superior a 30 mm y reducción del dolor superior al 50%, nuestra tasa de éxito tras la intervención es del 58,3%. También identificamos una serie de factores pronósticos positivos y negativos para el éxito. Lasrelaciones encontradas entre estas variables podrían ayudarnos a comprender la variabilidad de resultados tras una artroscopia de ATM y que podrán tenerse en cuenta a la hora de la toma de decisiones terapéuticas ante un TIATM.Internal Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TIATM) is characterized by changes in the dynamics of the joint. It may bring symptoms such as decreased Maximum oral opening (MAO) or preauricular pain. After clinical examination, Magnetic Resonance (MRI) is the preferred imaging test. Arthroscopy is a technique that allows minimally invasive surgical treatment of TIATM, in addition to a direct visualization of the upper joint space. However, the indication of this technique is not standardized and the results can vary greatly between surgical groups. We analyzed the short and long term evolution of 378 patients undergoing an arthroscopic intervention by TIATM, with the main objective of identifying possible predictors of surgical success or failure. The secondary objective was the study of the clinical and radiological characteristics and arthroscopic findings of the patients affected by TIATM with the purpose of finding clinically relevant associations. We defined “success” as the simultaneous fulfillment of two criteria at the last available visit: MAO greater than 30 mm and pain reduction greater than 50%. Our success rate after the intervention is 58.3%. We also identified a number of positive and negative predictors of success. The relationships found between these variables could help us understand the variability of results after a TMJ arthroscopy and that may be taken into account when making therapeutics decisions.Ayuda de Fundación para el Estudio y Desarrollo de la Implantología, Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial (FEDICOM) (Badajoz
Effect of carbon enrichment in polymer‑derived ceramers on the electrochemical characteristics of their derived carbons
No full textThe synthesis of C-rich ceramers from a commercial polycarbosilane has been realized through the incorporation of divinylbenzene (DVB) to the polymer SMP-10. After pyrolysis, the obtained ceramers were dry etched to produce highly porous carbide-derived carbons (CDCs). The excess carbon was segregated in the form of amorphous carbon out from the ceramer matrix. The resulting CDCs possess a carbon nanocrystallite size which turns to be independent on the DVB incorporated or the pyrolysis and chlorination temperature. The electrochemical characterization reveals that the consolidation of the ceramer or ceramic network leads to a reduction of the carbon heterogeneities, thus improving its electric conductivity. When the ceramic network is formed, the behavior of the CDC as electrode supercapacitor is optimized and turns to be independent on the amount of DVB incorporated.This work has been developed with the financial support of the EU within the frame of the initiative Next Generation (Proyecto Estratégico para la Recuperación y Transformación Económica en el sector del Vehículo Eléctrico y Conectado, INVECPRO). Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature.peerReviewe
Preliminaries
No full textDesde la Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, queremos contribuir con el monográfico dedicado a Educación en memoria histórica y democrática, al debate suscitado en los últimos años en torno a las dificultades de enseñar sobre pasados traumáticos. Un ejemplo de este interés renovado lo encontramos en la celebración, con motivo de la aprobación de la Ley 20/2022 de Memoria Democrática, del Iº Congreso Internacional Historia con Memoria en la Educación, en la Universidad Pública de Navarra, y el Iº Congreso Internacional sobre Educación en Memoria Histórica y Democrática, en la Universidad de Málaga.From the Revista de Investigación en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, we want to contribute with the monograph dedicated to Education in historical and democratic memory, to the debate raised in recent years about the difficulties of teaching about traumatic pasts.notPeerReviewe
Tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis pancreáticas de origen renal
No full textPrograma de Doctorado en Biología Molecular y Celular, Biomedicina y BiotecnologíaIntroducción. Las lesiones metastásicas en el páncreas son inusuales siendo el carcinoma renal el origen primario más frecuente. La resección quirúrgica parece estar justificada, aunque los estudios son escasos y con poco número de pacientes. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar los resultados postoperatorios para determinar el efecto del tratamiento quirúrgico en el pronóstico de estos pacientes.
Método. Se realizó una revisión sistema según la guía PRISMA (Preferred Reporng Items for Systemac Reviews and Meta-Analyses) de pacientes con metástasis pancreáticas resecadas y posteriormente diseñamos un estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico de pacientes intervenidos por metástasis pancreáticas de origen renal, desde enero 2010 - mayo 2020.
Resultados. En el estudio multicéntrico se incluyeron 116 pacientes. El tiempo medio entre la nefrectomía y la resección de las metástasis pancreáticas fue de 87.35 meses. El 13.8% de los pacientes presentó complicaciones graves. Las tasas de supervivencia global (SG) a 1,3 y 5 años fue de 96%,88% y 83%, respectivamente. La tasa de supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE) a 1,3 y 5 años fue del 73%,49% y 35%. Los factores pronósticos de recaída fueron un Intervalo libre de enfermedad <10 años y antecedentes de metástasis extrapancreáticas previas. En el subanálisis sobre los casos de re-resección pancreática por recidiva la SLE y SG después de la re-resección pancreática fue de 33 y 106 meses respectivamente.
Conclusión. La resección pancreática en caso de encontrar carcinoma renal metastásico en el páncreas está justificada para lograr mayor supervivencia global y supervivencia libre de enfermedad incluso en casos de recidiva pancreática aislada.Introduction. Metastatic lesions in the pancreas are uncommon, with renal carcinoma being the most common primary origin. Surgical resection seems justified, although studies are scarce and with small numbers of patients. The aim of our study is to evaluate postoperative outcomes to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients.
Method. We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines of patients with resected pancreatic metastases and subsequently designed a multicentre retrospective study of patients operated on for pancreatic metastases of renal origin from January 2010 to May 2020.
Results. A total of 116 patients were included in the multicentre study. The median time between nephrectomy and resection of pancreatic metastases was 87.35 months. Major complications occurred in 13.8% of patients. Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 96%, 88% and 83%, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 73%, 49% and 35%, respectively. Prognostic factors for recurrence were a disease-free interval <10 years and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastases. In the sub-analysis of cases with pancreatic resection for recurrence, EFS and OS after pancreatic resection were 33 and 106 months, respectively.
Conclusion. Pancreatic resection for metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the pancreas is justified to achieve longer overall survival and disease-free survival even in cases of isolated pancreatic recurrence
Intangible heritage, education and tourism as a strategy for the enhancement of the value of the Dehesa and the traditional shepherd’s trade
No full textThe dehesas are one of the most unique and characteristic landscapes of the Extremadura region. Together with their natural values, they are an environment in which trades, knowledge and ways of life rooted in the tradition of rural communities are still developed. However, ancestral knowledge and practices are in danger of disappearing. Faced with this problem, this study is focused on the benefits of tourism, using sustainability criteria to evaluate their ability to educate and to increase awareness and sensitivity of the importance of maintaining this intangible cultural legacy. Based on this premise, the main objective is to determine and analyze tourists’ evaluations of the traditional shepherd’s trade and the educational possibilities of agritourism experiences. For this purpose, a survey was carried out among 102 tourists who visited different cheese dairies in an Extremadura region that offers agritourism experiences. In addition, this work also aims to know the current situation of the shepherd’s trade, identifying the benefits of its conservation and determining the threats that hinder its preservation. It also seeks to determine the solutions that could safeguard it. To this end, the Delphi method was used and 26 experts, mainly shepherds and shearers, were interviewed. The results reveal that tourists can identify the educational and cultural functions associated with pastoralism. They also recognize increased curiosity, empathy and environmental awareness as the main benefits derived from the tourism experience. The interviews reveal the suitability of disseminating the heritage and educational value of the dehesa through sustainable tourism experiences to increase interest in the rural world, revalue ancestral knowledge and contribute to its preservation.This study is part of the research conducted during the execution of the project “Agritourism in the dehesas of Extremadura: an opportunity to increase agricultural incomes and the fixation of the population in rural areas”, and its code number is IB20012. This research was funded by the Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital de la Junta de Extremadura (the branch of the regional government that covers the Economy, Science and Digital Agenda of the Regional Government of Extremadura), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).peerReviewe
Development of scientific competences in the project-based learning modality in tertiary education
No full textLa puesta en práctica del enfoque por competencias es uno de los desafíos en formación docente en Uruguay. En esta experiencia de investigación acción, en el marco de la materia Ciencias Naturales de la carrera de maestro en educación primaria, se realizó una propuesta de Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) que perseguía el desarrollo de competencias científicas en los estudiantes. El objetivo del trabajo es mostrar las evidencias de logros, a partir de la valoración de las competencias científicas desarrolladas. Se aplicaron cuatro técnicas de colecta de datos sobre 87 estudiantes. Los resultados indican que la metodología ABP requiere mayores tiempos y esfuerzos por parte de docentes y estudiantes, permite abordar requerimientos curriculares, propiciar el desarrollo de competencias y lograr mayores niveles de motivación y compromiso sobre los aprendizajes. La experiencia permitió promover la metacognición, aunque ésta debe profundizarse, y fortalecer la atención a la diversidad de los grupos.The implementation of the learning approach that fosters the development of competencies is one of the current challenges facing teacher training in Uruguay. In this action research experience, within the framework of the Natural Sciences subject of the teaching career in primary education, a Project-Based Learning (PBL) proposal was carried out that pursued the development of scientific competencies in future teachers. The objective of this work is to show the evidence of its achievements, based on the assessment of the scientific competences developed. From an action research approach, four data collection techniques were applied to 87 students. The results indicate that, although the PBL methodology requires more time and effort on the part of teachers and students, it allows addressing curricular requirements, promoting the development of selected competencies and achieving higher levels of motivation and commitment to learning. The experience made it possible to promote metacognition, although it must be deepened, and attention to the diversity of the groups should be strengthened.Este trabajo fue financiado por el Consejo de Formación en Educación por medio de la autorización de las direcciones de los centros de formación en educación del uso de horas docentes para la ejecución de la investigaciónpeerReviewe