Law and World (E-Journal) / სამართალი და მსოფლიო
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სასამართლოს როლი მხარეთა შეჯიბრებითობის პროცესში
No full textThe legal proceedings are conducted based on adversarial principles. The second paragraph of the Article 4 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia contradicts to the adversarial principle. This paragraph gives the right to the court to resort to measures on its own initiative under the Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia. Our position is stated in the first paragraph of the Article 102 that each party shall prove the circumstances upon which it bases its claim or response, and also in the first and second paragraphs of the Article 103 that the Parties shall submit evidence to a court. These paragraphs exclude the court’s possibility to request the evidence on its own initiative. The court’s initiative to check authenticity of the submitted written evidence accordingly to Article 137, we consider correct. We reckon that only in this case the court should have the right to check authenticity of documents. And, also in connection to the family matters, when a case concerns a child’s interests, a court shall request the evidence on its own initiative
ფულადი თანხის აღნიშვნის წესისათვის ქართულ სამოქალაქო სამართლებრივ დიპლომატიკაში
No full textOne of the requisites of old Georgian civil law documents wasthat the sum of money could be stated. In the majority of cases the statement on the total sum was followed by an indicaƟon of half of the sum as well. The purpose of this usage has hitherto remained obscure. The documents of other Eastern people (Armenians, the Bukhara Khanate, Central Asia) follow a similar procedure. However, they add an explanatory postscript, e.g. „… that there should be no doubts…“, etc
მედიატორისადმი დადგენილი მოთხოვნები სამოქალაქოსამართლებრივი დავების მედიაციის პროცესში
No full textIt is highly recommended, that the obligations of the mediator should be regulated by the law. The legislation shall consider the demands towards the mediators, regulate the principles they have to follow and the results of violation of the rules, should also be considered
NEW CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SINO-EUROPEAN RELATIONS, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE GLOBAL BALANCE OF POWER. THE MIRAGE OF THE SILK ROAD
Get PDFThe world today is a mess, there is no doubt about it. But probably this is also how the contemporaries of other historical ti mes saw their present. We could rather say that the international order is difficult to predict at the beginning of a century which is already dominated by very confusing moves and combinations. Using the author’s own means of research and observation (field research, the perception of reality from the perspective of the study of history, and a compared dimension), this article wishes to shed some light on a part of the role played by the European Union in the international policy under the circumstances of the fast transformations suffered by the global economic and security environment. The strategic relation with China is worth discussing at several levels (depending on the various categories of interests); our considerations about the course of the strategic partnership between the two powers and about the current evolutions of the international scene try to provide only some necessary benchmarks for an overall understanding of this diplomatic closeness
წამების აკრძალვა
No full textPresent article describes nature of torture as internationally prohibited crime, according to the 1984 Convention Against Torture, 1950 European Convention on Human Rights and other relevant international acts, as well as domestic legislation of Georgia, its constitution and criminal code. Some facts of torture, which took place in prisons of Georgia while regime of National Movement, when they governed this country as a ruling party, are mentioned. Some useful comparisons and conclusions are made for those readers, who still can not recognize the scope of torture, the problem of its subjects and basic obligations of the states, which had ratified not very famous 1984 Convention Against Torture. The article will assist students of law schools, including graduate ones, having interest in this particular issue and in gaining new information about most recent publishing (books) of the most qualified international lawyers, who dedicated their works to this problematic topic, for example Torture Team written by professor Philippe Sands in 2008.სტატია აღწერს წამების, როგორც საერთაშორისოდ აკრძალული დანაშაულის ბუნებას, 1984 წლის წამების წინააღმდეგ კონვენციით, 1950 წლის ევროპის ადამიანთა უფლებების კონვენციითა და სხვა შესაბამისი აქტებით, ისევე როგორც საქართველოს შიდა კანონმდებლობას, მის კონსტიტუციასა და სისხლის სამართლის კოდექსს. ასახელებს ზოგიერთ ფაქტს, რომელსაც ადგილი ჰქონდა საქართველოს საპყრობილეებში, ნაციონალური მოძრაობის რეჟიმის პირობებში, როდესაც ეს პარტია მართავდა ქვეყანას. გაკეთებულია საჭირო შედარებები და დასკვნები იმ მკითხველთათვის, რომლებისათვისაც ჯერ კიდევ გაუგებარია წამების არსი, მისი სუბიექტების პრობლემა და იმ სახელმწიფოთა საერთო ვალდებულებები, რომლებმაც მოახდინეს არც ისე ცნობილი 1984 წლის წამების წინააღმდეგ კონვენციის რატიფიკაცია. სტატია დაეხმარება და გამოადგება სამართლის სკოლების სტუდენტებს, მაგისტრატურისა და დოქტორანტურის ჩათვლით, რომლებიც ამ კონკტრეტული საკითხის ირგვლივ დაინტერესებულნი იქნებიან, ახალი ინფორმაციითა და სულ უფრო ახალი პუბლიკაციებით (წიგნების ჩათვლით) რომელთა ავტორები არიან ყველაზე მაღალი კვალიფიკაციის მქონე საერთაშორისო სამართლის სპეციალისტები, რომლებმაც თავიანთი ნაშრომები ამ პრობლემატურ თემას მიუძღვნეს. მაგალითად, პროფესორ ფილიპ სენდსის „წამების გუნდი“, რომელიც 2008 წელს გამოვიდა
კონსტიტუციურ პრინციპებთან ზოგიერთი შეუსაბამობა
No full textJustice is the form of state operaton which implies that the General Courts, within their competence, shall discuss and solve the cases – criminal offenses, civil disputes and other cases. According to the operative Constitution of Georgia justice is administered by General Courts. According to several Articles of the Criminal Code of Georgia, these authorities are imposed to the Ministry of Corrections and Probation of Georgia, what violates not only the abovementioned principle of judiciary, but also paragraph 5 of the Article 84 of the Constitution which states that the court decision can be cancelled, changed or suspended only by the court in line with the regulation determined by the law. The author offers several suggestions to eliminate this problem
JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN GERMANY
Get PDFThe presentation will briefly outline the way by which Germany has attempted to safeguard judicial independence. Article 97 of Germany’s Basic Law, or Constitution, specifically refers to and guarantees judges’ independence without, however, granting an individual right. Rather, judicial independence is seen as a basic constitutional principle, which ensures the realisation of the rule of law
სამართლიანი მართლმსაჯულებისათვის
No full textThe article discusses today’s organizational and procedural problems of investigation. We have presented our concrete proposals for their resolution, in particular: we tried to show the role of criminology in opening and investigation of crime and its advantages in comparison with covert operative – investigative activities. We discussed the problems, on the basis of current Criminal Procedure Law, in connection with investigation and the investigator’s human rights situation, expressed opinions regarding the restoration of the investigation institute. We expressed our attitude toward the decision of government about restoration of justice. We expressed our opinions regarding the procedural agreement and the illegal judgments
მართლმსაჯულების აქტუალური პრობლემები და მათი დაძლევის გზები
No full textIn the article “Actual judicial problems and their solutions” are discussed the difficulties that hinder swift judicial administration. A merger of the courts limits the right to apply to the court. Our recommendation is that the united courts should be returned to the position existed before 2004. It is necessary to increase the number of judges. A judge must not be appointed, a judge should be elected by the people. The so-called “enveloping” of a claim should not occur in the court. It is problematic in case of shortcoming to make a decree about the refusal to admit the claim (application). It would be better if the judge made a decree about a shortcoming
ადვოკატის როლი სამოქალაქო სამართლებრივი დავების მედიაციის მოსამზადებელ ეტაპზე
No full textThe important issues regarding the process of mediation must be regulated by the legislation. It must be stated, that the general ethical obligations of lawyers, must also refer to the lawyers taking part in the process of mediation. Except the obligations that are general, the special obligations have to be defined, that will be obligatory only in the process of mediation. The lawyer must assess, if it is a proper case to be solved by mediation. In the process of making the decision, every detail must be considered. During the choice of the representative his/her personal abilities, personal opinion about mediation should be considered. The lawyer should choose the proper style of negotiation in the process of offering the parties to use mediation. Lawyers must define their future tactics and the strategy that will be used in the process. The formation of the strategy must depend on the interests of the client and the basis of the dispute. Lawyer must prepare the case. Client also needs preparation. Lawyer must inform client about the rule of the participants in the process of mediation. The most important is to define the rule of the lawyer. Considering all these mentioned above, the proper changes have to be made in the legislation of Georigia. The obligations of lawyer during the process of mediation should be defined