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Assessment of cortisol as a neonatal pain biomarker in the application of non-pharmacological analgesia therapies : systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2025.Background: In the history of Neonatology, decades ago pain has been little studied because it was believed that newborns didn’t have the capacity to experience pain. Nowadays, there is enough evidence for the existence of neonatal pain but its adequate treatment is an aspect that is continuously evolving. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological analgesia therapies used to alleviate pain in newborns by analysing neonatal cortisol levels as biological markers of pain. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Science Direct until the end of May 2024. The search identified 1075 articles, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and had the necessary data to develop the meta-analysis. Furthermore, in each meta-analysis, subgroups were performed: non-pharmacological analgesia vs. placebo, and pre-post intervention by gestational age. Results: The meta-analysis found that breastfeeding exhibited a moderate effect size (SMD = -0.63; 95% CI = -1.07 to -0.19), sucrose showed a small effect (SMD = -0.15; 95% CI = -0.55 to 0.26), and skin to skin contact exhibited a large effect (SMD = -1.34; 95% CI = -2.21 to -0.46). Patients under 28 weeks have less post-intervention pain and showed a large effect (SMD = 1.44; 95% CI = 0.47 to 2.40), between 28 and 32 weeks they have more post-intervention pain and presented a small effect (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI = -0.86 to -0.0), and over 32 weeks they have an increased post-intervention pain and exhibited a large effect (SMD = -1.08; 95% CI = -1.65 to -0.51). Conclusions: Non-pharmacological therapies showed efficacy in pain reduction based on neonatal cortisol levels. Skin to skin contact is the most effective method to reduce pain from invasive procedures, such as heel pricks in preterm infants under 28 weeks. Breastfeeding also demonstrated to be an effective and safe alternative to use for pain relief and to reduce cortisol levels. However, the cortisol results indicate that sucrose was not effective in reducing neonatal pain. Trial registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023463831.Peer reviewe
The impact of digitization on the coverage and prescriptive potential of music radio in Spain
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Universidad Complutense Madrid. All rights reserved.This paper analyses the impact of the internet and digitalization on music radio in Spain, traditionally the record industry’s main platform for the discovery and popularization of pop and rock releases. It also explores the way how new listeners reach the medium. Based on the triangulation of metrics of the most played songs on commercial radio, the songs that reached number one and the best-selling tracks between 2008 and 2023, we identify patterns of convergence and divergence that reveal the progressive disconnect between radio programming and consumer purchasing decisions. The study underlines the need for the radio industry to redefine its strategy to adapt to audience preferences and consumption dynamics, now conditioned by digital technologies and distribution channels. In conclusion, the transformation of the musical landscape because of digitalization has not only significantly altered consumers’ listening and purchasing habits but also highlighted the growing need for greater synchronization between radio and digital platforms. Radio, historically a key force in promoting new talent and hits, now faces the challenge of fully integrating into a constantly evolving multimedia ecosystem. To ensure its continued relevance and competitiveness, it must adopt a more flexible and dynamic approach that considers both user behavior in the digital environment and the opportunities offered by new technologies for enhanced interaction and audience loyalty-building.Peer reviewe
Impact of an integral mentoring program on the development of personal competencies
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Integral mentoring refers to the process by which an expert mentor accompanies the student in the harmonious growth of all their dimensions through the development of personal competencies. Competencies such as personal knowledge and acceptance, search for meaning in life, proactivity, self-management and achievement orientation. This research seeks to contribute theoretically and empirically to the debate on the concept of mentoring and its effectiveness in developing personal competencies by offering results from the application of an integral mentoring program in a Spanish university. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was carried out with a control group. The sample consisted of 610 university students from Madrid. A reliable and valid questionnaire on competencies was used as a measurement instrument. The results show significant differences in the level of acquisition of intrapersonal competencies in favor of the university students who received the integral mentoring program. This article also proposes best practices for the design of integral mentoring programs.Peer reviewe
Associations between chronic exposure to bisphenols and parabens and gut microbiota in children
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © 2025 The AuthorsBisphenols and parabens are endocrine-disrupting chemicals widely used in food packaging and personal care products. Early-life exposure to these compounds has been associated with adverse health effects, but their potential role in modulating the gut microbiota during childhood remains poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between chronic exposure to bisphenols and parabens and gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function in children. A cross-sectional study in 97 Spanish children aged 4–12 year was conducted. Bisphenols and parabens in hair were quantified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Gut microbiota composition was assessed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and functional potential was inferred using PICRUSt2. Associations were explored using linear regression and random forest models, adjusting for age and sex. Total bisphenols and parabens were detected in 100 % of the children, with median concentrations of 311.33 ng/g and 1904.11 ng/g, respectively. No significant differences in overall gut microbiota diversity were observed between children with low and high exposure levels to bisphenols and parabens. However, regression models revealed associations between specific microbial genera and individual compounds. Additionally, bisphenol S was negatively associated with a predicted microbial pathway involved in methionine metabolism. Notably, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 emerged as a predictive genus for propylparaben exposure. Although gut microbiota composition was similar across exposure levels, specific taxa and functional pathways were linked to chronic bisphenol and paraben exposure. These findings support the need for further research on the health implications of early-life exposure to these endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Peer reviewe
Design and validation of an instrument to assess the innovative competence of the teacher by the student
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: © 2025 Universidad de Oviedo. All rights reserved.Work on the innovative competence of university teachers in terms of the validation of instruments or the structuring of new research methods is not sufficient. The following proposal is aimed at revising an instrument for recording the innovative competence of university teachers based on the student’s perception, taking into account the correct configuration of this tool, fundamentally on the basis of validating the construct. In this way, the data of the dimensions and the questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = .963) offer optimum reliability, to which are added 6 solid, stable and unipolar factors associated with an AFE (orthogonal/VARIMAX) with a total explained variance of 73.345 %. Finally, the CFI = .960; RMSEA = .055; Hoelter .05 = 232; PRATIO = .850, offer a balanced final measurement model, as far as the AFC is concerned. In summary, it can be categorically argued that the questionnaire, being reliable and effective in measuring the innovative competence of university teachers, can contribute to a better measurement of this type of parameters in the field of social sciences linked to higher education.Peer reviewe
Estrategias de alimentación sostenible de los mercados de Madrid. Implicaciones urbanas
Full text linkLa alimentación urbana constituye un eje estructurador del territorio, del urbanismo y de las dinámicas sociales. En Madrid, los merca- dos municipales han sido históricamente espacios clave de abastecimiento de proximidad e interacción ciudadana. La competencia de supermercados, centros comerciales y comercio online ha generado una grave crisis que ha propiciado la incorporación de nuevas estrategias vinculadas a sistemas alimentarios sostenibles. Al mismo tiempo, movimientos ciudadanos y políticas municipales —huer- tos urbanos, cooperativas agroecológicas y programas de alimentación sostenible— han renovado la relación entre productores y consumidores. Estas iniciativas fomentan economías circulares, consumo responsable y resiliencia urbana, situando la alimentación como motor de transformación territorial y cultural. En este contexto, los mercados se consolidan como mediador social que conecta actores diversos y equilibra intereses económicos con beneficios colectivos. Más allá de su función comercial, pueden entenderse como instrumentos de urbanismo regenerativo y equidad alimentaria. La contribución del artículo radica en mostrar cómo los mercados pueden convertirse en infraestructuras alimentarias estratégicas en la relación entre ciudad, territorio y ciudadaníaPeer reviewe
Artificial intelligence and machine learning systemsfascination vs reality
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Protocol for EHS Guideline on Treatment of Ventral and Incisional Hernias in Emergency
Full text linkPublisher Copyright: Copyright © 2025 Capoccia Giovannini, Pawlak, Antoniou, Bougard, Bracale, Deerenberg, Fortelny, Gaarder, García-Ureña, Gilmore, Gomez-Ochoa, Köckerling, Morante Perea, Renard, Pereira Rodriguez, Romain, Quiroga-Centeno, Schaaf, Schembari, Theodorou, Stabilini and Pecchini.Background: Emergency presentations of ventral and incisional hernias are common and associated with significantly higher morbidity and mortality than elective procedures. Despite their frequency, clinical guidance on managing acutely complicated hernias in emergency settings remains limited and heterogeneous. Objective: This protocol outlines the development of an evidence-based clinical guideline by the European Hernia Society (EHS) to support general and emergency surgeons in treating acutely complicated ventral and incisional hernias in adults. Methods: Developed according to AGREE-S and GRADE methodologies, this guideline will address seven key clinical questions concerning the use of mesh, surgical approach, and technique based on clinical contamination status and anatomical considerations. A steering group of hernia surgery experts and methodologists leads the project, supported by two independent evidence review teams. Patient input will be obtained via structured surveys to incorporate values and preferences. Systematic literature reviews, evidence-to-decision frameworks, and consensus meetings will guide the formulation of recommendations, with strength and direction defined according to GRADE standards. Discussion: This is the first EHS guideline specifically targeting the emergency management of incisional and ventral hernias. By addressing urgent clinical decisions through a structured, transparent, and inclusive process, it aims to reduce variability in care, improve outcomes, and serve as a resource for clinical practice and future research. The guideline will be published open access and monitored for implementation and updates based on emerging evidence.Peer reviewe
Orthorexia Nervosa : Prevalence Among Spanish University Students and Its Effects on Cardiometabolic Health
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.Purpose: This study aims to determine the prevalence of orthorexia nervosa (ON) among university students and to evaluate the relationship between stress and ON, as well as the effects that ON may have on the health of these individuals. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 205 participants (66.7% women) were recruited through informational posters on the university campus during the 2022–2023 academic year. They answered different questionnaires to yield socio-demographic data and completed specific tests for the evaluation of ON (Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale (DOS-ES), Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ-ES)) and stress (Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-ES)). The analytical determination of blood biomarkers was also carried out. Results: The prevalence of ON obtained from the DOS-ES questionnaire was 1.5%, while 7.5% of the individuals showed a risk of ON. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between DOS-ES and EHQ-ES scores (rs = 0.674). A weak correlation (rs = 0.138) was reported between stress and ON. Individuals with underweight BMI (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.22) and elevated monocyte levels (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26) were more likely to have higher DOS-ES scores compared to those with normal weight and normal monocyte levels. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated a lower rate (1.5%) than previous studies, and differences by sex or age were not observed in ON diagnosis, nor was a link between underweight BMI and an increased risk of ON. Additionally, a higher monocyte count was associated with ON, suggesting potential immune and cardiometabolic implications, but further research with larger populations is needed to confirm these findings.Peer reviewe
Neutrophils and NETs in Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2025 by the authors.Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), results from dysregulated immune responses that drive chronic intestinal inflammation. Neutrophils, as key effectors of the innate immune system, contribute to IBD through multiple mechanisms, including the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are web-like structures composed of DNA, histones, and associated proteins including proteolytic enzymes and antimicrobial peptides. NET formation is increased in IBD and has a context-dependent role; under controlled conditions, NETs support antimicrobial defense and tissue repair, whereas excessive or dysregulated NETosis contributes to epithelial injury, barrier disruption, microbial imbalance, and thrombotic risk. This review examines the roles of neutrophils and NETs in IBD. We summarize recent single-cell and spatial-omics studies that reveal extensive neutrophil heterogeneity in the inflamed gut. We then address the dual role of neutrophils in promoting tissue damage—through cytokine release, immune cell recruitment, ROS production, and NET formation—and in supporting microbial clearance and mucosal healing. We also analyze the molecular mechanisms regulating NETosis, as well as the pathways involved in NET degradation and clearance. Focus is given to the ways in which NETs disrupt the epithelial barrier, remodel the extracellular matrix, contribute to thrombosis, and influence the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring NET homeostasis—such as PAD4 inhibitors, NADPH oxidase and ROS pathway modulators, and DNase I—while emphasizing the need to preserve antimicrobial host defenses. Understanding neutrophil heterogeneity and NET-related functions may facilitate the development of new therapies and biomarkers for IBD, requiring improved detection tools and integrated multi-omics and clinical data.Peer reviewe