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Legal analysis of the urgency of determining the free papua organization (OPM) as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations in Indonesia
No full textPurpose: This study analyzes the urgency of determining the Free Papua Movement (OPM) as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations in Indonesia from a legal perspective. The main focus of the study is to understand and examine the legal consequences and social impacts of the determination in efforts to enforce justice and protect human rights in Indonesia.
Research/methodology: This study uses a normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach that relies on secondary data from legal literature, laws and regulations, and the opinions of legal experts.
Results: The results of the study show that OPM has committed various acts of violence that violate human rights, including murder, torture, and kidnapping. Determining OPM as a perpetrator of gross human rights violations is considered important to uphold the principles of justice and equality before the law, in accordance with national and international legal standards. In addition, this study also found that legal action against OPM is not only aimed at imposing sanctions, but also as a preventive measure to prevent similar crimes in the future. The opinions of human rights law experts emphasize the importance of a proportional and effective response from the government in handling cases of gross human rights violations. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to the development of legal science and efforts to protect human rights in Indonesia
Analysis of perceptions on the effectiveness and efficiency of financial management of Regional Public Service Agencies (BLUD) at the Regional Public Hospital (RSUD) of Mimika Regency
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the perception of employees and patients regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of financial management at the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) of Mimika District Hospital.
Research/methodology: Using a quantitative descriptive approach, data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires distributed to all staff involved in financial management at RSUD Mimika and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Additionally, patient satisfaction data were gathered and evaluated based on the SERVQUAL model covering five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy.
Results: The financial effectiveness level of RSUD Mimika from 2021 to 2023 was only 23%, indicating that revenue realization reached just a quarter of the target. Efficiency stood at 90.88%, categorized as "less efficient," showing suboptimal budget utilization. The satisfaction level of medical staff was generally moderate, highlighting deficiencies in equipment, communication, and welfare policies. Patient satisfaction was relatively high in core services but moderate in supporting services such as waiting facilities, information clarity, and emergency responsiveness.
Conclusions: Although RSUD Mimika has adopted the BLUD financial model to improve flexibility, the realization of financial targets remains low, and efficiency still needs improvement. Furthermore, employee and patient satisfaction indicates that the implementation of BLUD has not fully translated into improved service quality and operational sustainability.
Limitations: This study is limited to a single institution (RSUD Mimika) and relies solely on perception-based data without triangulation from financial audits or qualitative interviews. Thus, generalizability is restricted, and the analysis may not fully capture systemic or structural financial management challenges across other BLUD hospitals.
Contribution: This research provides empirical insights into the real-world challenges of BLUD implementation in regional hospitals, offering a diagnostic basis for future improvements in health financial governance
Analysis of the potential and effectiveness of local revenue receipts at the livestock and animal health service office in Mimika Regency
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the potential and effectiveness of Local Own-Source Revenue (PAD) from the Livestock and Animal Health Service Office in Mimika Regency from 2017 to 2024. The research also seeks to identify strategic efforts to optimize PAD contribution from the livestock sector, particularly through retribution on slaughterhouse services, animal health services, and livestock production.
Research/methodology:. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining quantitative descriptive analysis with qualitative insights. Data are sourced from secondary documents and primary field observations, using potential analysis, effectiveness ratio calculations, and SWOT analysis to examine income realization and improvement strategies.
Results: The research reveals that PAD from the Livestock and Animal Health Service has strong potential, especially in pig slaughterhouses (RPB), the UPTD breeding unit, and Puskeswan. Effectiveness levels often exceed 100%, indicating very effective performance, though certain units such as RPH-U remain underutilized. The retribution potential is not yet fully maximized due to limited public awareness, regulatory gaps, and infrastructural constraints.
Conclusions: The livestock sector significantly contributes to regional income and has untapped potential. With appropriate regulatory support, infrastructure improvement, and digital system development, PAD from this sector can be optimized further. Strategic planning is essential for sustaining and expanding these gains.
Limitations: The study is limited by the availability of consistent field data and is affected by external disruptions such as disease outbreaks (e.g., ASF). Further, the generalizability may be constrained to similar regional contexts with comparable institutional frameworks.
Contribution: This research provides practical recommendations for local governments to improve fiscal independence through livestock-based revenue streams. It also contributes to regional public finance literature by demonstrating a framework for analyzing PAD potential and effectiveness
Theoretical basis for using information and communication technologies in the process of teaching chemistry
No full textPurpose: The aim of this article is to establish a theoretical basis for the use of ICT in chemistry education by examining its pedagogical value, identifying best practices, and presenting strategies for effective implementation.
Research methodology: This study used a mixed-methods design involving purposive sampling of secondary school chemistry teachers and students to explore the integration of ICT in education. Quantitative data were gathered through questionnaires and pre-post tests, while qualitative data came from interviews and classroom observations. The ICT tools examined included virtual labs, simulations, and digital platforms, implemented through strategies like blended and inquiry-based learning. Data analysis combined SPSS for statistical evaluation and thematic analysis to assess instructional practices and teacher readiness.
Results: The results show that integrating ICT tools such as virtual labs and simulations significantly enhances student engagement and conceptual understanding in chemistry. The use of ICT also aligns well with constructivist and inquiry-based pedagogical approaches, fostering critical thinking and collaborative learning. However, challenges such as limited access to technology and the need for ongoing teacher training were identified as barriers to effective implementation.
Conclusions: This study successfully establishes a theoretical foundation for the integration of ICT in chemistry education by linking it to established pedagogical frameworks. The findings highlight best practices and instructional strategies that enhance student engagement, conceptual understanding, and critical thinking. Overall, the thoughtful implementation of ICT offers significant potential to improve teaching effectiveness and learning outcomes in chemistry classrooms.
Limitations: This study is limited by its reliance on existing literature and secondary data sources without direct classroom intervention. in low-resource settings where ICT access remains a barrier.
Contribution: This study contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of how ICT enhances chemistry education through improved engagement, deeper conceptual learning, and alignment with modern pedagogical practices
Comparison of Black-Scholes Models Using Historical Volatility and Garch Volatility in Collar Strategy as Hedging Efforts for Towr and Tbig Stocks
No full textPurpose: Telecommunications has undergone significant development over time. Telecommunications narrows distance and facilitates access to information. Infrastructure within telecommunications plays a crucial role in the establishment and continuity of communication. Investment involves the allocation of money or capital with the aim of gaining profit. Stocks are one of the instruments in investment; besides gaining profit, investors also face the risk of experiencing losses. Therefore, it is necessary to provide value protection to investors’ stock. The objective of this study is to explore the implementation of option contracts in the Black-Scholes model using Historical Volatility and GARCH Volatility with a collar strategy.
Research methodology: The data used in this study consists of the closing prices of TOWR and TBIG stocks from the period to 2011-2022. The research findings conclude that for TOWR stocks under non-crisis conditions with a maturity of three months, the Black-Scholes model with GARCH Volatility performs better than the model with Historical Volatility in every scenario. Meanwhile, for TOWR stocks under crisis and non-crisis conditions with maturities of one and three months, the Black-Scholes model using Historical Volatility is superior to the model using GARCH Volatility in one of the scenarios.
Results: In the case of TBIG stocks under crisis conditions with a maturity of three months, the Black-Scholes model with GARCH Volatility outperforms the model with Historical Volatility in all scenarios. However, under the conditions of a 1-month maturity and non-crisis conditions for one and three months in one scenario, the Black-Scholes model using Historical Volatility is superior to the model using GARCH Volatility.
Contribution: The contribution is Investment involves the allocation of money or capital with the aim of gaining profit
The organization of the education and training process in the schools and Madrasahs of Bukhara Jadids
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the educational reforms introduced by the Bukhara Jadids, focusing on their contributions to science, enlightenment, and the modernization of education, while evaluating the limitations of traditional schooling systems in Bukhara at the turn of the 20th century.
Research methodology: The research employs historical-comparative and systematic analysis methods. It examines historical records, educational materials, and memoirs to evaluate the structure, curriculum, and pedagogical approaches of Jadid schools, comparing them with traditional Islamic education in Bukhara.
Results: The study finds that the Jadid movement significantly advanced educational thought by introducing new-method schools, textbooks, and a focus on moral and secular knowledge. However, progress was hindered by poor material conditions, outdated teaching methods, insufficient teacher qualifications, and a lack of systemic discipline, preventing these schools from fully meeting modern educational standards
International law review on the implementation of the death penalty for foreign citizens involved in drug crimes in Indonesia
No full textPurpose: The main focus of this study is to examine the national legal basis used by Indonesia in imposing the death penalty, as well as assessing the suitability of the implementation of this punishment with international legal obligations and standards, especially those related to the protection of human rights.
Research Methodology: Using qualitative methods and a normative legal approach, involving the analysis of various legal documents, documented cases, and academic literature. This study also discusses how international law, such as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, influences the implementation of the death penalty in Indonesia, especially in cases involving foreign nationals.
Results: It also finds that although the implementation of the death penalty for foreign nationals in Indonesia has a strong legal basis in national law, there are several issues and challenges that need to be considered from an international law perspective. Some of these include compliance with fair trial standards, protection of human rights, and diplomatic responses from the convict's country of origin. In addition, international pressure and criticism from human rights organizations highlight the need for a re-evaluation of the death penalty policy, especially in the context of drug cases.
Suggestions: Then suggest the need for reform of the death penalty policy in Indonesia by considering a more humane approach and in accordance with international standards
Eco Tourism: Studying sustainable tourism strategies from a triple bottom line perspective in the mangrove forest area of Bali
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze sustainable tourism strategies in the Bali Mangrove Forest area using the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) approach, focusing on its economic, social, and environmental impacts.
Research methodology: This study employed a literature review method to examine various academic sources and policy documents related to ecotourism management in the Ngurah Rai Grand Forest Park (Tahura), Bali. The research framework was based on the Triple Bottom Line approach, evaluating the sustainability aspects of ecotourism.
Results: The findings revealed that ecotourism in the Bali Mangrove Forest provides economic benefits by increasing local community income through fisheries and tourism activities. Socially, community participation in ecotourism enhances environmental awareness and engagement in conservation efforts. From an environmental perspective, ecotourism supports mangrove preservation through collaborative conservation programs involving local communities, government, and private sectors.
Limitations: This study is limited to secondary data analysis and does not include primary data collection or field observations. Additionally, it does not provide a quantitative assessment of the specific economic, social, and environmental impacts.
Contribution: The results of this study serve as a reference for policymakers, tourism practitioners, and researchers in formulating sustainable ecotourism strategies. By applying the Triple Bottom Line approach, this research provides insights into balancing economic growth, social welfare, and environmental conservation in ecotourism management
Factors influencing the attraction of foreign direct investment to the economies of developing countries
No full textPurpose: The author would like to thank all researchers and institutions whose empirical studies and theoretical contributions have shaped the understanding of FDI determinants in developing countries. Appreciation is also extended to the academic databases and journal publishers that provided open access to critical literature.
Research methodology: This study employs a qualitative analytical approach grounded in an extensive review of empirical and theoretical literature on foreign direct investment (FDI), with a focus on the OLI paradigm and the Knowledge-Capital Model. Data were drawn from 40 peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2024, selected from reputable academic databases using targeted keywords related to FDI determinants. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key variables such as market size, institutional quality, and infrastructure, highlighting regional patterns and sectoral distinctions.
Results: The OLI paradigm remains a key framework for understanding FDI, with recent studies showing that host-country factors such as market size, GDP growth, and skilled labor availability play crucial roles in attracting investment. While low labor costs can drive FDI in manufacturing, high-tech sectors prioritize productivity and human capital. Tax incentives and natural resources can also influence FDI, but their effectiveness depends on broader institutional and regulatory conditions. Additionally, strong intellectual property rights are essential for securing investment in innovation-driven industries.
Conclusions: In developing countries, FDI determinants have shifted from reliance on natural resources and low-skilled labor to a greater emphasis on skilled labor, digital infrastructure, and institutional quality. To attract high-value FDI, scholars emphasize the need for a balanced strategy that includes improving education systems, advancing digital readiness, and fostering innovation ecosystems.
Limitations: This study is limited by its reliance on secondary data and qualitative analysis, which may not fully capture dynamic, country-specific investment behaviors.
Contribution: The study contributes to FDI literature by synthesizing recent empirical findings to highlight the evolving importance of institutional quality, digital infrastructure, and human capital in developing countries
Analysis of the influence of planning, implementation, and supervision on budget absorption at the Regional Secretariat of Mimika Regency
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of planning, implementation, and supervision on budget absorption at the Regional Secretariat of Mimika Regency. The research seeks to identify which of these three factors significantly influences the optimal use of budget allocations.
Research/methodology: A quantitative approach with explanatory research design was employed. The population consisted of 84 civil servants in the Mimika Regional Secretariat involved in budget processes. Data collection was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data analysis used multiple linear regression to determine the influence of each independent variable on budget absorption.
Results: The findings reveal that planning, implementation, and supervision each have a significant and positive effect on budget absorption, both partially and simultaneously. The coefficient of determination (R²) shows that 74.6% of the variation in budget absorption can be explained by the three variables studied, indicating a strong model fit.
Conclusions: This study finds that planning, implementation, and supervision significantly enhance budget absorption at the Mimika Regional Secretariat. Their combined influence, explaining 74.6% of the variation, underscores the need for integrated and well-coordinated financial management.
Limitations: The study is limited by its scope, focusing only on one regional government institution, which may reduce generalizability. Furthermore, data collection relies solely on self-reported questionnaires, potentially introducing respondent bias.
Contribution: This research provides empirical evidence for local governments to strengthen the integration between planning, execution, and oversight functions, aiming to improve fiscal performance and reduce budget underutilization