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Risk management in Nigerian listed commercial banks: The significance of board composition (2013–2023)
No full textPurpose: The study examined the effect of board composition on the risk management of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. The specific objective was to determine the effect of board size, board independence, and board gender diversity on the non-performing loan ratio (NPLR).
Method: Ex-post facto research design was chosen for the study. The population of the study comprised all the 13 listed commercial banks in Nigeria. A census sampling approach was used to include all the population elements into the sample. Secondary data was collected from the annual audited reports of the banks covering 2013 to 2023. Aside from descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation, Pesaran Cross-sectional Dependence test, and Panel Heteroskedasticity tests were used to assess the validity of the regression model. Panel Estimated Generalized Least Squares was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: Board size has a significant positive effect on NPLR (? = 0.003935; p-value = 0.0000); board independence has a significant positive effect on NPLR (? = 0.121012; p-value = 0.0000); board gender diversity has a significant negative effect on NPLR (? = -0.102780; p-value = 0.0000).
Conclusions: In conclusion, a well-composed board ensures that banks are resilient to financial shocks while safeguarding the interests of shareholders, customers, and the broader economy.
Limitations: The aspects of board composition covered were limited to board size, board independence, and board gender diversity, but did not cover board final literacy and board risk committee.
Contribution: Thus, the study recommends that listed commercial banks in Nigeria should have a board size that balances adequate expertise and diversity with the ability to make effective decisions in order to ensure that boards reduce bureaucratic delays in risk management
Entrepreneurial orientation and market orientation on the performance of food and beverage MSMEs in Palembang City
No full textPurpose: This study analyzes how entrepreneurial and market orientation affect MSME performance in Palembang, emphasizing the role of competitive advantage as a moderating variable.
Research Methodology: This study uses a survey method with data collection techniques through interviews with micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) owners and direct observation of the research object. The research population consists of 151 MSME entrepreneurs who live in Palembang.
Results: The results showed that entrepreneurial orientation had a negative effect on performance. Testing the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of the value obtained a coefficient value of -0.090 with a p-valSSue of 0.008 <0.005, indicating that there is a significant influence, but no relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of food and beverage providers, and vice versa. Testing the effect of market orientation on the performance of Palembang city umkm through competitive advantage as a moderating variable with a coefficient value of 5.55 and a p-value of 0.00 <0.05 means strengthening the relationship between performance through competitive advantage as a moderating variable. Testing the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of Palembang city umkm through competitive advantage as a moderating variable with a coefficient value of 2.37 and a p-value of 0.00 <0.05 means strengthening the relationship between performance through competitive advantage as a moderating variable
Implementation of the release of TNI AD occupation land/building assets that cause disputes in the Kodam IV/Diponegoro area
No full textPurpose: Since the beginning of the independence of the Republic of Indonesia, the interests of regional defense and security have been the main focus. This resulted in many lands and buildings being controlled by the Indonesian National Army (TNI) as part of the occupation in the interest of state security. Although the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) of 1960 has abolished the basis of colonial regulations related to land and buildings, ownership of land/buildings occupied by the TNI is still a legal debate. The case of Wisma Kaliurang in Yogyakarta shows the complexity of this conflict, where the legal owner, in this case Samuel Soegito's heirs, has paid compensation to the Indonesian Army and obtained a certificate for the land/building. However, Kodam IV/Diponegoro still claims ownership of the assets of the Indonesian Army Occupation.
Research methodology: In resolving this kind of conflict, it is important to ensure that the ownership status of the original owner needs to be recognized and respected, while also taking into account the defense and security needs of the Indonesian state
Criminological perspective in corruption crimes committed by TNI army soldiers (Case Study of Decision Number: 21-K/PMT-II/AD/II/2022 and Case Study of Decision Number: 44-K/Connection/PMT-II/AD/VIII/2022)
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the Criminological Perspective in Corruption Crimes Committed by TNI AD Soldiers (Case Study of Decision Number: 21-K/PMT-II/AD/II/2022 and Case Study of Decision Number: 44-K/Koneksitas/PMT-II/AD/VIII/2022).
Research/methodology: The type of research in this study uses the normative juridical research type. This type of normative juridical research is research that uses or refers to legal norms that can be in laws and regulations that refer to legal norms. The author conducted research, which is descriptive and analytical. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods.
Results: The result of a construction analysis that underpins the TNI AD soldiers to commit corruption crimes in juridical studies and criminological studies is the nature of the juridical study that the author analyzes from the two corruption convictions that have been tried in this connection court is that the defendant is legally and justifiably proven to have committed a corruption crime and has been sentenced to a heavy prison sentence accompanied by a large fine and the existence of a criminal additional in the form of replacement money. Analysis Results Regarding the case raised in this study regarding the connection of corruption crimes committed by the military and civilians, the panel of judges has imposed heavy criminal sanctions on the perpetrators, this is actually from two things, namely justice for the victim and justice for the perpetrator. The perpetrator for his actions has been sentenced with heavy sanctions
Law enforcement against Indonesian army soldiers committing the criminal act of bigamy (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 108 K/MIL/2023)
No full textPurpose: There are many cases of multiple marriage crimes committed by Indonesian Army soldiers who are subject to criminal penalties as stipulated in Article 279 paragraph (1) Ke 1 of the Criminal Code, the law enforcement is not yet concrete and consistent. Based on SEMA 3 of 2015, soldiers who commit multiple marriage crimes must be dismissed from military service, but in the Supreme Court Decision Number 108 K / MIL / 2023 they were acquitted. From this background, the author examines how law enforcement and the impact of the decision are carried out using qualitative normative legal research with phenomenology and a descriptive case approach.
Research/methodology: The theories used in this study are the theory of criminal responsibility and the theory of deterrence (Deterrence theory).
Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that law enforcement against Indonesian Army soldiers is carried out by law enforcement officers in a Military Justice system in accordance with Law Number 31 of 1997 concerning Military Justice, while the impact of the acquittal can have an impact on the law, an impact on the consistency of law enforcement, an impact on institutions, an impact on the perpetrators and also an impact on the family
Analysis of the management strategy for retribution revenue from sports venues in Papua Province
No full textPurpose: This study aims to examine the implementation and contribution of retribution from sports facilities and infrastructure in supporting the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) of Jayapura City, as well as to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors affecting its effectiveness.
Research methodology: The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis involving relevant stakeholders from the Youth and Sports Office and the Regional Financial Management Agency of Jayapura City.
Results: The findings indicate that while the collection of retributions has been implemented according to standard procedures, its contribution to PAD remains relatively low. This is attributed to several obstacles, including insufficient operational budgets, limited human resources, underutilization of sports facilities, and the public's economic limitations.
Conclusions: Retribution from sports facilities has the potential to support regional income; however, its effectiveness is constrained by institutional and socio-economic factors. With improved budgeting, monitoring, and utilization of facilities, this revenue source could make a more substantial contribution to Jayapura City's PAD.
Limitations: This study is limited to the scope of Jayapura City and specifically focuses on retributions from sports facilities. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to other regions or types of local revenues. Furthermore, the reliance on qualitative methods limits the extent of financial quantification and broader statistical analysis.
Contribution: This research contributes to policy evaluation in optimizing local non-tax revenues. It also offers practical insights for improving retribution governance, particularly in the sports services sector
Analysis of psychological and social factors of occupational stress in military personnel
No full textPurpose: The study aims to examine the psychological and pedagogical foundations essential for developing innovative thinking in future computer science (informatics) teachers. It focuses on identifying key competencies such as creativity, cognitive flexibility, critical thinking, and adaptive problem-solving in the context of digital transformation in education.
Research methodology: A mixed-methods approach was applied, combining qualitative and quantitative research. The study involved surveys, psychometric tests (e.g., Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking), interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations with a sample of 200 participants, including pre-service informatics teachers and faculty members. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis for qualitative inputs and statistical methods for quantitative data, ensuring triangulation for validity.
Results: The findings indicate that innovative thinking in future informatics teachers is significantly influenced by a combination of psychological traits (such as self-regulation and intellectual curiosity), supportive pedagogical environments, and exposure to digital technologies. Effective development of innovative competencies requires integrated strategies involving experiential learning, reflective practices, and emotional intelligence training. The study recommends curriculum reforms, mentorship programs, and the use of digital tools to foster a culture of sustained innovation in teacher education
Despair, desire, and dissent: Theatrical contributions of Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill
No full textPurpose: This paper explores the contributions of Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill to contemporary theatre. It focuses on their themes of despair, desire, and dissent. The paper highlights how both playwrights challenge societal norms, represent psychological trauma, and offer critiques of modern life.
Research methodology: This study uses qualitative literary analysis of selected plays by Kane and Ravenhill. It compares their treatments of despair, desire, and dissent. The analysis is informed by critical theory, psychological theory, and postmodern critiques of capitalist society.
Results: The study finds that both playwrights use stark imagery and confrontational dialogue. They depict psychological and social alienation. Kane’s plays show despair through fragmented, disorienting structures. Ravenhill critiques the commodification of human relationships using dark humour and absurdity. The paper shows that while both playwrights address similar themes, their approaches differ. Kane’s work is introspective, exploring trauma and emotional collapse. Ravenhill’s plays focus on societal pressures that shape desires.
Conclusions: Sarah Kane and Mark Ravenhill critique the alienating forces in contemporary society. Their theatre challenges audiences to confront uncomfortable truths about human existence. Through their innovative forms and content, they remain central to contemporary theatre. They continue to influence how we think about pain, desire, and resistance in the arts
The influence of village fund capital participation in Village-Owned Enterprises on the development of Village-Owned Enterprises and the economy of the Wania District community
No full textPurpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of village fund capital participation on the development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMKam) and its impact on the economic improvement of the community in Wania District, Papua. It seeks to understand how financial support from village funds contributes to the sustainability of BUMKam operations and local economic growth.
Research/methodology: The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, using questionnaires, observation, and documentation as primary data collection methods. A purposive sampling technique was applied to gather responses from 13 individuals, including BUMKam administrators and affected community members. The analysis focuses on comparing pre- and post-capital injection conditions, emphasizing indicators such as enterprise development, job creation, and community welfare.
Results: The findings show that capital participation from village funds has positively influenced the growth of BUMKam in Kampung Mawokauw Jaya and Kampung Nawaripi. It enabled the establishment of several productive units and provided job opportunities, contributing to increased local income and economic activity. However, challenges remain, particularly in financial reporting and management capacity among BUMKam administrators.
Conclusions: While the injection of capital has facilitated enterprise growth and modest improvements in local welfare, the full potential of BUMKam is hindered by gaps in administrative skills and community engagement. Sustainable impact requires capacity building, transparent governance, and strategic support.
Limitations: This study is limited by its small sample size (13 respondents), which may not fully represent the broader community perspective. Additionally, the analysis relies primarily on descriptive statistics and qualitative insights without employing inferential or longitudinal methods that could provide deeper causal understanding.
Contribution: This study provides preliminary evidence of the positive impact of Village Fund capital participation on Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMKam) and the local economy, while offering practical insights for more effective village fund management
Impact of social media marketing activity on brand loyalty
No full textPurpose: This study examines the effectiveness of Social Media Marketing Activities (SMMA) in enhancing brand loyalty at PT. Mumpuni Inti Mandiri. It evaluates customer perceptions of SMMA, self-brand connection, brand equity, brand trust, and their influence on brand loyalty.
Method: A quantitative positivist approach was applied. Data were gathered through online surveys targeting PT customers. Mumpuni Inti Mandiri. Structural equation Modelling (SEM) using Partial Least Squares (PLS) via SmartPLS 3.2.6 was employed to analyze the data. Validity and reliability tests ensured the accuracy of the instruments. The hypotheses were tested using one-tailed T-statistics.
Results: The results show that Customer perceptions of SMMA, self-brand connection, brand equity, brand trust, and brand loyalty were in the high category. SMMA significantly influences self-brand connection, brand equity, and brand trust. Moreover, brand loyalty is affected both directly and indirectly by these mediators. This implies that PT. Mumpuni Inti Mandiri’s social media strategies are effective in fostering emotional connection, consumer trust, and long-term loyalty.
Conclusions: SMMA plays a vital role in building brand loyalty by enhancing brand-related psychological factors. Integrated social media marketing efforts have proven to be valuable in creating strong brand-consumer relationships.
Limitations: The study’s scope was limited to one company and used self-reported survey data, which may affect generalizability.
Contribution and Novelty: This study introduces an integrated model that connects SMMA with brand loyalty through emotional and cognitive pathways, offering insights into effective digital branding strategies in emerging markets