Oita Prefectural College of Arts and Culture Repository / 大分県立芸術文化短期大学リポジトリ
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The Effects of the Task Model on Preschoolers' Social Interaction
Get PDFP(論文)The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the task model on preschoolers' social interaction. Subjects were thirty-two preschool children. They were paired with a familiar friend of same age and asked to perform a clay work task together for ten minutes. They were divided into two groups. In the model group the subjects could use the model of an elephant clay work during their interactive session. In the non-model group they could not. The results showed that the five types of preschoolers' interaction were found. And the task model effected on those types and the children's relationships. In the non-model group one child lead another child but in the model group some children co-operate on equal terms and some children perform the task separately. The results indicated that the task model did not necessarily clear the task goal and promote the children's interaction
Art as Technique : Viktor Shklovsky and Russian Formalism
Get PDFP(論文)Viktor Shklovsky was one of the leading figures of a critical and literary movement called Russian formalism. The members of this group felt that form, rather than content, was the most important aspect of any literary work. Formalist method called for detailing and organizing the literary laws and methods that were unique to literature. The most important theoretical statement of Shklovsky is in his work: "Art as Technique." In this work he sets forth his influential theory of defamiliarization. Defamiliarization is the process whereby an author makes his words or technique seem strange and different to the reader, thereby forcing the reader to see the material in a radically fresh and new way. Finally, formalism is tested by using it to view a short story by Akutagawa, "In a Grove" (Yabu no Naka)
A Folklore That Wasn't Revived : Exploring the Potential of a Constructionist Approach
Get PDFP(論文)A trend in Japanese folklore studies in the last ten years has been the rise and establishment of studies which introduce "invention of tradition" and "objectification of culture" as key concepts. In spite of this trend, however, these concepts have been rarely scrutinized so far. "Invention of tradition" and "objectification of culture" have become cliches, and the studies introducing these concepts are in danger of being perceived as merely adding a new sub-discipline to folklore studies. These two concepts, however, raise a general problem that concerns the epistemology and methodology of folklore studies as a whole. And, these two concepts resonate with a trend variously called "constructionism" or "constructivism" in neighboring disciplines, especially in sociology. This essay explores the potential of a constructionist approach in folklore studies. In the first half of the essay, I reexamine the arguments of Richard Handler and Jocelyn Linnekin who have a great influence on the studies of "invention of tradition" and "objectification of culture." Then I write an overview of constructionism in sociology and show that the arguments of Handler and Linnekin resonate with constructionsim. In the latter half of the essay, I raise some important points when introducing the constructionist approach to folklore studies. Then I cite an event I encountered in Okinawa, and I examine the event from both objectivist and constructionist perspectives, and argue that the latter perspective has a clear advantage. By these arguments, I suggest that the constructionist approach will revitalize the studies of "invention of tradition" and "objectification of culture" in Japanes folklore studies
A Study of Personal Communication
Get PDFP(論文)Because the demand for handy-phone increases so rapidly these days, it isn't only used as a telephone, but also exploited as a mobile computing platform. Younger generation frequently use it for the purpose of character communication. We describe a communications survey and results acquired from two handy-phone experiments. The changes observed in personal communications and the problems and their considerations for how to use it are clarified
