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Prevention and Interventional Strategies of Adolescent Obesity / Overweight - Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 10 Years Research
Full text linkThe purpose of this review was to reach a consensus on the evidence of the literature investigating multiple school-based interventions (physical activity, diet, and sedentary behavior) to prevent or reduce high body mass index z-score and waist circumference among adolescents. A systematic search of five electronic databases: Pubmed, MEDLINE, Science Direct Index, HINARI, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify published studies between January 2010 and December 2020. Only studies that used randomized controlled trials to assess the effects of physical activity and/or physical education, nutritional education and/or dietary behavior, and sedentary behavior on adolescents’ body mass index z-score and waist circumference were included. The risk of bias in credible studies was evaluated using the Standard Cochrane tool. A random effects model was used to assess the impact of the interventions included on the waist circumference and body mass index z-score. Of the 2,090 citations reviewed, n = 1,954 (789 interventions, 1,165 controls) from five studies were included. Overall, a minimally significant reduction was found in BMI z-score MD -0.05 [95% CI: -0.20, 0.11, p-value < 0.0001, I2 = 87%] and waist circumference MD -0.97 [95% CI: -1.53, -0.42, p-value = 0.26, I2 = 25%] between 3 to 12 months than 12 to 24 months. Multiple school-based interventions for adolescents that last between three and twelve months are more successful. Further study should focus on the effect of coupled components on the efficacy of multicomponent therapies integrated with theoretical/conceptual aspects
Attitudes and knowledge about contraceptive use of saudi married women: a cross-sectional study approach
Full text linkThe speedy change in the Saudi Arabian community\u27s socio-demographic pattern will significantly influence reproductive attitudes and practices with increasing preferences toward family planning because of the use of contraceptives. The current study was conducted to determine the attitudes and knowledge of married women in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia regarding contraceptives use. Saudi married women from the Aseer region were the participants of this cross-sectional study. The study\u27s objectives were covered via a standardized questionnaire, and the study comprised of 412 married women. A 100 % participant’s response was demonstrated, while 31.8 % of the respondents were 31-40 years old. Most of the participants have a great awareness and knowledge about contraceptives, while (n=324; 78.6%) had previously used contraceptives. Additionally, 297 (72.1%) have intention to use contraceptive methods in the future. Majority of the participants (n=297; 91.6%) considered the economic and family planning as a reason for using the contraceptives, while natural family planning was mostly preferred (n=202; 49%). Logistic regression analysis exhibited significant correlation between the age, education, employment, monthly income and children number. The findings show that Saudi married women have high perceptions and knowledge of contraception. However, more effort is required to raise awareness regarding family planning and contraceptives, whereas the policy makers must exclude the obstacles to women from using contraceptives
Can different polymerization times affect the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins?
Full text linkThis in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of different polymerization times on the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins. Three flowable composite resins [Es Flow (ESF), IGOS Flow (IGF), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ)] were tested in this study. Each flowable composite resin (n = 7) was polymerized in a disc-shaped mould (1x10 mm) with an LED light-curing unit (D Light Pro) for two different times (20 and 40 sec.). The top surfaces of all specimens were polished (Sof-Lex). The surface microhardnesses of the flowable composite resins were measured with a Vickers HMV microhardness tester. Water sorption and water solubility were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standard. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane, Dunnett, and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analyses. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rho correlation tests were used to assess possible correlations between the different variables. The results were evaluated with a significance of p<0.05. In terms of microhardness, a significant difference was found between materials at the same polymerization times (p<0.05). All materials showed water sorption of less than 40 µg/mm3 and water solubility of less than 7.5 µg/mm3 by following ISO 4049. The correlations among surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility showed that the differences were determined by the materials and the polymerization times. The physical properties of all flowable composite resin materials were enhanced after polymerization for twice the time recommended by the manufacturers
Anti-tyrosinase, anti-skin pathogenic bacterial, and antioxidant activities and phytochemical constituents of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen extract
Full text linkDracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen (Chandaeng) is an important traditional medicinal plant used in ancient Thai household remedies. This research focused on investigating the biological properties, including the antibacterial, anti-tyrosinase, antioxidant activities, and phytochemical characteristics of crude Chandaeng extracts. Dried Chandaeng heartwood powder was extracted using ethanol, methanol, and deionized water. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were then tested against skin pathogens, including Cutibacterium acnes (DMST14916), Staphylococcus epidermidis (TISTR518), and Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR321). The ethanolic extract showed antibacterial activity. In a time-kill assay, all bacteria were completely killed after being exposed to it, while the cell membranes were found to have leaked when viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant potential was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2¢-azino-bis -3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assays. According to the findings, the crude ethanolic extract of Chandaeng showed the highest level of antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the potential of the extract to treat skin hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, an important melanin synthesis enzyme, was determined and the ethanolic extract was found to be an anti-tyrosinase agent. Finally, the crude ethanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic compound and flavonoid content. In conclusion, crude Chandaeng extract showed significant potential in activity against skin pathogenic bacteria, antioxidant activity, and tyrosinase inhibition. These properties of the extract could be applied to skincare cosmetics
Chronic kidney disease intervention in primary health care: integrative review
Full text linkTo analyze the knowledge and safety of primary health care professionals in the management of chronic kidney disease in its early stages. Integrative literature review carried out in four steps. The search took place in the following databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and BVS. The descriptors used were “Primary Health Care” AND “Kidney Diseases” AND “Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice” and the quality of the analysis was checked by means of the Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies”. Fifteen articles were found, with a predominance of qualitative and descriptive method; the results showed insufficient knowledge of health professionals and interest in the best approach in the initial stage of the disease. Thus, it is inferred that the knowledge and security of primary health care professionals depend on individual factors and institutional initiative for the adoption of clinical guidelines and training. Therefore, prepared professionals and organized care, using protocols, would bring benefits both to patients as to the evolution and outcome of the disease and savings to health services
The presence of parasitic structures in sandy soil samples from beaches located along the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Full text linkBeaches are a source of parasite contamination because protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae can remain viable in sandy soils for months. Parasitic infections are mainly related to hygiene conditions, health, and environmental education, and can affect the life quality of the population. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of parasitic structures in five beaches located along the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Eighty samples were collected in August and September 2020 at the beaches of Torres, Tramandaí, Capão da Canoa, Arroio Teixeira, and Arroio do Sal and processed with the spontaneous sedimentation method for microscopic analyses. The results showed that 32% (26/80) of samples were positive for the presence of parasitic structures, and there was a significantly higher frequency of positive samples in September than in August. Torres was the beach with the highest frequency of positive samples, while Arroio Teixeira and Arroio do Sal presented the lowest frequency of contamination. Nematode larvae, including hookworm larvae, were the most prevalent parasitic structures in the samples. Hence, the sandy soil from beaches must be monitored to develop programs and strategies for improving infrastructures and basic sanitation conditions, thus ensuring the health of the population
DESEMPENHO DO CAPIM TIFTON-85 SUBMETIDO A ADUBAÇÃO QUÍMICA E ORGÂNICA
No full textThe Tifton 85 grass offers high yield and nutritional value. It is demanding in soil fertility and highly responsive to fertilization. However, the response to fertilization can be affected by the source, dose, and installment of fertilizers, as well as environmental conditions. Evaluations of the joint application of chemical and organic fertilizers are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of chemical and organic fertilization on agronomic characteristics, mineral use efficiencies, and bromatological composition of Tifton 85 grass, and determine fertilization strategies to optimize the yield and nutritional value of Tifton 85 grass. The findings were influenced by grass cuttings. The highest values for height and accumulated dry matter productivity were obtained with the highest fertilizer doses. The leaf/stem ratio was not affected by fertilization. The highest mineral use efficiencies were obtained with 200 and 400 kg of N/ha/year of NPK 20-00-20 formulation and up to 10 t/ha/year of poultry litter (PL), and these values decreased when applying high PL doses. The crude protein content increased, while the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber decreased. The protein fractions and in vitro dry matter digestibility were not affected by fertilization. The potassium content increased with high fertilizer doses. Applying 350 to 400 kg of N/ha/year of NPK 20-00-20 formulation and 25 to 30 t/ha/year of PL promoted the highest accumulated dry matter productivity. Applying 200 to 400 kg of N/ha/year of NPK 20-00-20 formulation and 10/ha/year of PL is recommended for optimizing mineral use efficiencies. As for bromatological composition, increasing the doses of both fertilizers was beneficial in reducing fiber contents, but only organic fertilization increased crude protein content.O capim Tifton-85 possue elevada produtividade e valor nutricional. É exigente em fertilidade do solo e altamente responsivo a fertilização. Entretanto, a resposta a fertilização pode ser afetada pela fonte, dose e parcelamento dos fertilizantes, e pelas condições ambientais. Avaliações da aplicação conjunta de adubos químicos e orgânicos são escassas. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação com NPK 20-00-20 e cama-de-frango nas características agronômicas, eficiência de utilização dos nutrientes minerais e composição bromatológica do capim Tifton-85. Os maiores valores de altura, taxa de acúmulo diário e produtividade de matéria seca foram obtidos nas maiores doses dos fertilizantes. A relação folha/colmo não foi influenciada pelas fertilizações. As eficiências de utilização dos nutrientes minerais reduziram com elevação das doses de cama-de-frango. As maiores eficiências de utilização dos nutrientes minerais foram obtidas nas doses de 200 e 400 kg de N/ha/ano de NPK 20-00-20 e de até 10 t/ha/ano de cama-de-frango. O teor de proteína bruta aumentou, os teores de fibra insolúvel e detergente neutro e fibra insolúvel em detergente ácido reduziram. As frações proteicas e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca não foram afetadas pelas fertilizações. O teor de potásio aumentou com elevação das doses dos fertilizantes. Elevadas doses dos fertilizantes aumentaram a produtividade e melhoram a composição bromatológica do capim Tifton-85. No entanto, os resultados obtidos foram influenciados pelos fatores climáticos
Analysis of clinical and hematological characteristics and search for hemoparasites in owls (Strigiformes: Strigidae) seized or rescued from the Atlantic Forest biome of the Rio de Janeiro (southeastern Brazil)
Full text linkHemoparasitism is known to vary according to the presence of vectors and hosts, and hematological examination can be a useful tool for early diagnosis in avian medicine, contributing to monitoring and conservation of bird populations. In this context, we aimed to analyze the clinical and hematological aspects of free-ranging owls seized or rescued from the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals, with or without clinical signs of diseases, were studied regardless of their age, sex, and physical status. Blood samples were collected and complete blood counts were carried out. Five different species were obtained in this study. These species were Megascops choliba (50%), Asio clamator (18.75%), Athene cunicularia (18.75%), Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana (6.25%), and Strix huhula (6.25%). Orphaned birds and traumatic injuries were the causes of admission to the wildlife rehabilitation facility. The search for hemoparasites revealed infection by protozoa of the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Trypanosoma. We concluded that hematological findings in seized or rescued owls predominantly suggested the presence of stress or inflammation resulting from post-traumatic situations. The causes of admission were mostly due to human interference, which demonstrates to have a negative impact on the health aspect of owl populations in urban centers, such as Rio de Janeiro. Blood protozoa are circulating among the different populations of owls and although infection by Haemoproteus spp. and Trypanosoma spp. seems to trigger a low pathogenic potential, Plasmodium infection may indicate unfavorable prognosis, endangering wild species
Application of the multivariate and univariate analyses to estimate the feed efficiency in beef cattle
Full text linkThis study aimed to compare the univariate analyses (relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG), Kleiber ratio, and residual feed intake) and multivariate analysis (bionutritional index [BNI]) to determine feed efficiency. Were used a total of 160 cattle (individual data) and the analyzed variables were dry matter intake, weight gain, and body weight of the animals. We used five methods to evaluate feed efficiency, the BNI, FE, corrected feeding efficiency (corFE), Kleiber ratio (KR), and residual feed intake (RFI). Study 1 demonstrated that only the FE (p=0.0472) was significant, although the FE after the transformation of Box-Cox (corFE) (p=0.0642) showed a statistical trend. In studies 2, 3, and 5, we observed that BNI was the best biological efficiency indicator. In the study 4, we observed that the best indicators were FE (0.110; p=0.0281), corFE (0.380; p=0.0429), and RFI (0.465; p=0.0340) for the genders. However, corFE decreased the coefficient of variation in all studies. In conclusion, the use of the Box-Cox transformation is as efficient as the multivariate analysis in discriminating experimental groups (genetic groups, different levels of concentrate in the diet, and genders) concerning the other univariate analyzes
Lawsuits after dermal filler injection registered in the state Court of São Paulo
Full text linkThe search for aesthetic procedures in the health sector have increased in the last years. The increase in the number of procedures brought together a higher number of lawsuits, especially when it comes to the injection of dermal fillers. This study aimed to revisit the jurisprudence of the State Court of São Paulo, Brazil, to investigate the risk factors behind the lawsuits and convictions of health care professionals after the injection of dermal fillers. The sample consisted of 46 lawsuits published between 2000 and 2022 in the State Court of São Paulo, Brazil. Data extracted from each lawsuit were: the year of publication, the reason behind the lawsuit, the defendant (individual or legal entity), sex of the plaintiff, type of dermal filler, whether there was a technical legal/forensic examination of the case and conviction. Most of the lawsuits were published between 2020 and 2022 (n = 26, 56.52%). The presence of intercurrences was the most common reason behind the lawsuits (n = 27, 58.69%). The defendants were mostly health care providers (n = 16, 34.78%), individually, and their combination with legal entities (n = 16, 34.78%), separately (the rest was legal entities alone). Female plaintiffs were predominant (n = 36, 78.26%), as well as the use of hyaluronic acid as dermal filler (n = 35, 76.08%). Technical legal/forensic examination was registered in 34 lawsuits (73.91%). Most of the defendants were convicted (n = 25, 54.34%). The chance of conviction was 3,9 times higher if the case was judged between 2017-2019 compared to 2020-2022 (p = 0.05); and 3,4 times higher if the case was based on intercurrences (p = 0.05). It is estimated that convictions in lawsuits after dermal filler injections might decrease in more recent cases. However, higher chances of conviction might be expected in the presence of intercurrences (e.g. accidents or complications) in the State São Paulo, Brazil