Bioscience Journal
Not a member yet
3143 research outputs found
Sort by
Association between TSH status and prevalence of miscarriages and stillbirth
Get PDFThyroid hormones play a significant role in normal human body growth. Abnormalities in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels can result in pregnancy loss due to miscarriages and intrauterine death (IUD). The objective of the study was to assess the levels of association of thyroid stimulating hormone with miscarriages and IUD. The descriptive study involving 110 samples between 18-40 years of age fulfilling inclusion criteria were sampled for TSH testing (2ml blood) after attaining their written informed consent. The mean age of participants was 29.49±4.26 year. The prevalence of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism was 3.64% and 2.73%, respectively. Complications like gestational hypertension, depression and oligomenorrhea were found prevalent in these females. Majority of females were taking high/low iodine than recommended iodine level (150mcg). This work shows that there is a significant association between pregnancy loss and disturbed TSH levels among pregnant females
DESFECHOS CLÍNICOS DO USO DA TERAPIA FIBRINOLÍTICA PARA TRATAMENTO PRÉ-HOSPITALAR DO INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO
No full textFibrinolytic Therapy (FT) is an important form of treatment for cases of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), especially in those places where Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is not available, which is the main form of treatment and can be used even in the prehospital care. Aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of the use of FT in prehospital care for treating patients with AMI. This research covered a total of 53 patients and was carried out from march to october 2017, referring to the care provided from january 2015 to december 2016 in two stages, in which the first occurred with the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU) and Walk-in Emergency Care Units (UPA), and the second in the referenced hospital services as gateways to those units. Data were collected from secondary sources. The clinical outcomes of FT considered in the form of absolute and relative frequencies and measures of central tendency were considered. The main signs and symptoms at admission were chest pain (84.62%), sweating (36.54%), dyspnea (26.92%), hypertension (19.23%), nausea (17.31%), malaise (17.31%) and emesis (13.46%). The main characteristic of chest discomfort was chest pain (70.45%). The FT drug administered in all patients was tenecteplase. The median time from symptom-to-door was 180 minutes, while symptom-reperfusion was 300 minutes and door-to-needle 160 minutes. Regarding the outcome, 74.47% had clinical improvement, 19.15% died, 4.25% had refractory AMI and 2.13% had reinfarction. The main characteristic of clinical improvement was the reversal of chest pain (68.57%), characterized as myocardial reperfusion criteria. The present study presented the main outcomes of FT use with improvement of those patients who were treated with it, and shorter times related to chest discomfort and the administration of FT were responsible for increasing the outcomes of clinical improvement and decreasing the outcome of death.A terapia fibrinolítica (TF) consiste numa importante forma de tratamento para casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM), especialmente nos locais em que não está disponível a intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICPP), que trata da principal forma de tratamento e pode ser usada mesmo em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio no atendimento pré-hospitalar. Objetivou-se descrever os resultados clínicos do uso da TF no atendimento pré-hospitalar no tratamento de pacientes com IAM. Esta pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, nas quais a primeira ocorreu com o Serviço Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e as Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), e a segunda nos serviços hospitalares referenciados como porta de entrada para essas unidades. Os dados foram coletados de fontes secundárias. Foram considerados os desfechos clínicos da TF considerados na forma de frequências absolutas e relativas e medidas de tendência central. Os principais sinais e sintomas na admissão foram dor no peito (84,62%), sudorese (36,54%), dispneia (26,92%), hipertensão (19,23%), náusea (17,31%), mal-estar (17,31%) e êmese (13,46%). A principal característica do desconforto no peito foi a dor no peito (70,45%). O medicamento fibrinolítico administrado em todos os pacientes foi a tenecteplase. O tempo médio entre o sintoma e a porta foi de 180 minutos, enquanto a reperfusão de sintomas foi de 300 minutos e o de porta-agulha foi de 160 minutos. Quanto ao desfecho, 74,47% apresentaram melhora clínica, 19,15% faleceram, 4,25% IAM refratário e 2,13% reinfarto. A principal característica da melhora clínica foi a reversão da precordialgia (68,57%), caracterizada como critério de reperfusão miocárdica. O presente estudo apresentou os principais desfechos do uso da TF com melhora clínica daqueles pacientes que a utilizaram e os menores tempos relacionados ao desconforto torácico e à administração da TF foram responsáveis por aumentar os desfechos de melhora clínica e diminuir o desfecho óbito
Bioactive compounds in jamelão yogurt (Syzygium cumini L)
Get PDFThe jamelão fruit has been used in traditional Indian medicine and has recently attracted interest as a functional food, as it is rich in anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are of interest of the food industry due to their antioxidant power, attractive color and stability in acid-rich foods. This research used the gelation process with sodium alginate solution to obtain bioactive yogurt from the production of jamelão capsules added to natural yogurt. The proportion was 80% yogurt and 20% jellybean pulp capsules. The treatments were control yogurt (without the addition of jamelão capsules), jamelão capsules and bioactive yogurt (with the capsules). The objective was to study the antioxidant activity, physical-chemical, nutritional and microscopic stability of the product kept under refrigeration for 28 days at 4±1ºC. The addition of jamelão capsules in the yogurt changed the product\u27s physical properties (increased humidity and decreased Brix and ash). There was an increase in the amount of phenols and anthocyanins, in addition to the antioxidant potential at 28 days of storage. The interior of the microcapsules was composed of a mesh structure through which the encapsulated material was distributed, as the capsules can be added to yogurt, to improve the antioxidant and nutritional capacity, which proves to be a promising and viable alternative.The jamelão fruit has been used in traditional Indian medicine and has recently attracted interest as a functional food, as it is rich in anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are of interest of the food industry due to their antioxidant power, attractive color and stability in acid-rich foods. This research used the gelation process with sodium alginate solution to obtain bioactive yogurt from the production of jamelão capsules added to natural yogurt. The proportion was 80% yogurt and 20% jellybean pulp capsules. The treatments were control yogurt (without the addition of jamelão capsules), jamelão capsules and bioactive yogurt (with the capsules). The objective was to study the antioxidant activity, physical-chemical, nutritional and microscopic stability of the product kept under refrigeration for 28 days at 4±1ºC. The addition of jamelão capsules in the yogurt changed the product\u27s physical properties (increased humidity and decreased Brix and ash). There was an increase in the amount of phenols and anthocyanins, in addition to the antioxidant potential at 28 days of storage. The interior of the microcapsules was composed of a mesh structure through which the encapsulated material was distributed, as the capsules can be added to yogurt, to improve the antioxidant and nutritional capacity, which proves to be a promising and viable alternative
Yield and phosphorus use efficiency of carrot cultivars
Get PDFPhosphate fertilization is indispensable for carrot cultivation, as it contributes to plant development, formation of marketable roots and higher yields. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the production and nutritional efficiency of carrot cultivars under phosphate fertilization. The experiments were carried out from July to November 2016 and from June to October 2017, at the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm, District of Alagoinha, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a 4×4 factorial scheme with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the combination of carrot cultivars (Brasília, Planalto, Suprema and Nativa) with phosphorus (P) doses (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg ha-1 P2O5). The characteristics analyzed were: P content in the diagnostic leaf, plant dry matter, plant height, marketable and total yields, and the classification of cultivars for efficiency and response to phosphate fertilization. The increments promoted by phosphate fertilization were 64% in plant height, 444% in dry matter and 284% in marketable yield. The maximum marketable yield was obtained with doses from 186.8 to 243.5 kg ha-1, depending on the cultivar. The Native cultivar was classified as more efficient in the use of P.A adubação fosfatada é indispensável para o cultivo de cenoura, por contribuir no desenvolvimento da planta, formação de raízes comerciais e maiores produtividades. Neste contexto, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produção e eficiência nutricional de cultivares de cenoura sob adubação fosfatada. Os experimentos foram realizados no período de julho a novembro de 2016 e junho a outubro de 2017, na fazenda experimental Rafael Fernandes, distrito de Alagoinha, Mossoró, RN. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4×4 com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação das cultivares de cenoura (Brasília, Planalto, Suprema e Nativa) com doses de fósforo (0, 90,180 e 270 kg ha-1 P2O5). As características analisadas foram: Teor de P na folha diagnóstica, matéria seca da planta, altura de planta, produtividades comercial e total e a classificação das cultivares quanto à eficiência e resposta a adubação fosfatada. A adubação fosfatada proporcionou aumento na matéria seca e altura das plantas, e as doses que maximizaram as produtividades comerciais foram de 186,8; 208,0; 217,6 e 243,5 kg ha-1 de P2O5 para as cultivares Nativa, Suprema, Planalto e Brasília, respectivamente. A cultivar Nativa foi eficiente e responsiva a adubação fosfatada, enquanto que, a Suprema apenas responsiva e a Brasília e Planalto não eficientes e não responsiv
SORGO SACARINO: CLARIFICAÇÃO DO CALDO COM TRATAMENTO ENZIMÁTICO AUMENTA A QUALIDADE DO MOSTO DE FERMENTAÇÃO PARA A PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL: Eficiência fermentative de três genótipos de sorgo sacarino submetidos a tratamento enzimático
No full textSweet sorghum is currently being evaluated throughout the world as a raw material for biofuel production because its stem juices are rich in sugars that can be directly fermented to ethanol. In this work, the fermentative efficiency of three sweet sorghum genotypes was evaluated, aiming at ethanol production, harvested in two seasons, clean and whole stems, and the treatment of the juice and broth with amylolytic enzymes in order to use the present starch to increase the production of ethanol. The experiment was carried out in the 2013/2014 harvest, in the municipality of Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brasil, located at 21°14’05’’S and 48°17’09’’W. The experimental design was completely randomized, with sub-subdivided plots and four replications. The primary treatments were the sweet sorghum genotypes (CV147, CV198, and BRS508), the secondary treatments, the type of harvest (whole stems and clean stems); the tertiary the two sampling times (102 and 116 days after sowing - d.a.s) and the quaternary the application of enzymes. In the fermentation process, the yeast PE-2 was used, at the end, the wine was recovered and characterized. Fermentation efficiency and liters of ethanol per ton of sorghum were calculated. The clarification of the juice with enzymatic treatment increases the quality of the fermentation broth and makes it possible to obtain wines with lower levels of RRTs and Brix. Fermentation efficiency is not affected by the genotype; however, it is influenced by the time of harvest and the technological quality of the juice. The use of amylolytic enzymes makes it possible to obtain wines with lower levels of RRTS and Brix. The best period of industrialization was at 102 d.a.s., and the processing of whole stalks resulted in less ethanol production.Atualmente, o sorgo sacarino está sendo avaliado em todo o mundo como matéria-prima para a produção de biocombustíveis, pois seus caldos são ricos em açúcares que podem ser fermentados diretamente em etanol. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a eficiência fermentativa de três genótipos de sorgo sacarino visando a produção de etanol, colhidos em duas épocas, colmos limpos e integrais e o tratamento do caldo e do mosto com enzimas amilolíticas visando aproveitar o amido presente para incremento da produção de etanol. O experimento foi realizado na safra 2013/2014, no município de Jaboticabal –SP- Brasil, localizada a 21°14’05’’S e 48°17’09’’W. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas sub-subdividas e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos primários foram os genótipos de sorgo sacarino (CV147, CV198 e BRS508), os secundários, o tipo de colheita (colmos integrais e colmos limpos); o terciário as duas épocas de amostragem (102 e 116 dias após a semeadura - d.a.s.) e o quaternário a aplicação de enzimas. No processo fermentativo utilizou-se a levedura PE-2, ao final o vinho foi recuperado e caracterizado. Calculou-se a eficiência fermentativa e litros de etanol por tonelada de sorgo. A clarificação do caldo com tratamento enzimático aumenta a qualidade do mosto de fermentação e possibilita a obtenção de vinhos com menores teores de ARRT e Brix. A eficiência fermentativa não é afetada pelo genótipo, porém sofre influência da época de colheita e da qualidade tecnológica do caldo. A utilização de enzimas amilolíticas possibilita a obtenção de vinhos com menores teores de ARRT e Brix. O melhor período de industrialização foi aos102 d.a.s., sendo que o processamento de colmos integrais resultou em menor produção de etanol.
 
Efficiency of nitrogen use by sesame genotypes under brazilian semi-arid conditions
Get PDFNitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and rate applications can influence the performance of sesame, and when applied in excess can cause nitrogen loss in the environment, and consequently make the cost of production more costly to the producer. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen use by different cultivars of irrigated sesame seeds under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the northeastern semi-arid region in two harvests. The experiments were carried out from February to May (1st harvest) and from July to October (2nd harvest) in 2016. The treatments were arranged in a split plot scheme, in which the plots were the five nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), and in the subplots, the four sesame genotypes (CNPA G2, CNPA G3, CNPA G4 and BRS Seda), the design was in randomized complete blocks with four replications. The nitrogen use efficiency assessments evaluated were: agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE), agrophysiological efficiency (APE), recovery efficiency (RE) and efficiency of use (EU). The rate that provided the greatest efficiency of use was 30 kg ha-1 of N applied. The cultivar BRS Seda had greater efficiency of use in relation to the other cultivars studied. The crop that had better efficiency of use was the 2nd agricultural harvest.O nitrogênio (N) é um macronutriente essencial para o crescimento das plantas e aplicações de doses podem influenciar o desempenho do gergelim, e quando aplicado em excesso pode ocasionar perda de nitrogênio no meio ambiente, e consequentemente tornado o custo de produção mais oneroso ao produtor. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de uso do nitrogênio por diferentes cultivares de gergelim irrigado nas condições edafoclimáticas do semiárido nordestino em duas safras agrícolas. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), no período de fevereiro a maio (1ª safra agrícola) e julho a outubro (2ª safra agrícola), no ano de 2016. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados com quatro repetições em parcelas subdivididas, onde nas parcelas, foram alocadas cincos doses de nitrogênio (0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1), e nas subparcelas os quatro genótipos de gergelim (CNPA G2, CNPA G3, CNPA G4 e BRS Seda). As variáveis avaliadas de eficiência de uso do nitrogênio foram: eficiência agronômica (EA), eficiência fisiológica (EF), eficiência agrofisiológica (EAF), eficiência de recuperação (ER) e eficiência de utilização (EU). A dose que propocionou maior eficiência de utilização foi a de 30 kg ha-1 de N aplicado. A cultivar BRS Seda teve maior eficiência de utilização em relação às outras cultivares estudas. A safra que teve melhor eficiência de utilização foi a 2ª safra agrícola
Process optimization for enhanced production of cellulases form locally isolated fungal strain by submerged fermentation
Get PDFCellulase has myriad applications in various sectors like pharmaceuticals, textile, detergents, animal feed and bioethanol production, etc. The current study focuses on the isolation, screening and optimization of fungal strain through one factor at a time technique for enhanced cellulase production. In current study sixteen different fungal cultures were isolated and the culture which quantitatively exhibits higher titers of cellulase activity was identified both morphologically and molecularly by 18S rDNA and designated as Aspergillus niger ABT11. Different parameters like fermentation medium, volume, temperature, pH and nutritional components were optimized. The highest CMCase and FPase activities was achieved in 100ml of M5 medium in the presence of 1% lactose and sodium nitrate at 30 oC, pH5 after 72 hours. The result revealed A. niger can be a potential candidate for scale up studies
INVESTIGAÇÃO DO POSSÍVEL EFEITO PROTETOR DA FOLHA DE Smilax fluminensis STEUD. EM CAMUNDONGOS SUBMETIDOS AO ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO PELO PARACETAMOL
No full textParacetamol (PCM) is a drug widely used by the population as an antipyretic and analgesic. If administered in high doses it can cause liver damage, leading to hepatoxicity. The genus Smilax, found in temperate and tropical regions, is traditionally used by the population through the extract of leaves and roots for several conditions, such as in the treatment of syphilis, diabetes, asthma and as a diuretic action. Through this, Smilax fluminensis leaf extracts were used to evaluate the protective effect against oxidative stress induced by a high dose of PCM in mice that received the drug and after receiving treatment with crude extract and fractions. Plasma analysis was performed using as partate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, in addition to biochemical techniques such as catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (ASA), substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and carbonylated proteins (CARBONYL) of liver, brain and kidneys. Fraction 1 of the extract was the most promising, decreasing the plasma levels of AST and ALT, the levels of CAT and GST of the liver, together with GSH and in the renal and brain tissue there was a decrease in carbonylated proteins (PCM + F1 versus PCM ). Besides, fraction 1 proved to be hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic. It is concluded that fraction 1 of Smilax fluminensis leaves has good antioxidant activity in the face of the damage caused by the high dose of paracetamol.
Paracetamol (PCM), um fármaco amplamente utilizado pela população como antipirético e analgésico. Se administrado em altas doses pode causar dano hepático, levando a hepatoxicidade. O gênero Smilax, encontradas em regiões temperadas e tropicais, é tradicionalmente utilizado pela população através do extrato das folhas e raízes para diversas afecções, como no tratamento da sífilis, diabetes, asma e como ação diurética. Através disto, utilizaram-se os extratos das folhas da Smilax fluminensis para avaliar o efeito protetor frente ao estresse oxidativo induzido através de uma alta dose de PCM em camundongos que receberam o medicamento e após receberam o tratamento com extrato bruto e frações. Foram realizadas análise do plasma através da aspartato aminotransferase (AST), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), glicose, triglicérides e colesterol, além de técnicas bioquímicas como, catalase (CAT), glutationa-S-transferase (GST), glutationa reduzida (GSH), ácido ascórbico (ASA), substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e proteínas carboniladas (CARBONIL) de fígado, cérebro e rins. A fração 1 do extrato foi a mais promissora, diminuindo os níveis plasmáticos da AST e ALT, os níveis de CAT e GST do fígado, juntamente com a GSH e no tecido renal e cerebral houve uma diminuição das proteínas carboniladas (PCM+F1 versus PCM). Além disso, a fração 1 mostrou-se hipoglicêmica e hipocolesterolêmica. Conclui-se que a fração 1 das folhas da Smilax fluminensis possui boa atividade antioxidante frente aos danos causados pela alta dose de paracetamol
Genetic diversity and structure in natural populations of Cajui from Brazilian Cerrado
Get PDFCajui (Anacardium spp.) is a native fruit tree (small cashew) of the Brazilian Cerrado and possesses the potential for commercialization. However, cajui exploitation occurs exclusively through extractivism in the absence of conservation strategies. The lack of conservation strategies may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of Anacardium. In this work, the genetic diversity and population structure of three natural populations in Sete Cidades National Park (PNSC; PI, Brazil) were assessed using ISSR analysis of 56 cajui accessions and two A. occidentale accessions (outgroup) from Pacajus (CE, Brazil). A total of 112 markers were obtained, 93 (83.04%) of which were polymorphic. The diversity indices of these populations indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity. According to AMOVA, 96.17% of the genetic variability lay within populations, with low genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.03828). Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis indicated the existence of four connected genetic groups. The findings show that the individuals from the three collection sites did not represent different subpopulations, likely due to the high gene flow (Nm = 6.7) favored by the floral biology of Anacardium, pollinators and small-animal seed dispersers. This research identifies genetically divergent individuals (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 and C-39), which should be considered priority individuals for conservation and can inform conservation programs for Anacardium spp.O cajuí (Anacardium spp.) é um fruto nativo do cerrado brasileiro e possui potencial para comercialização. Entretanto, a exploração do cajuí ocorre exclusivamente por meio do extrativismo, sem estratégias de conservação, o que pode diminuir sua diversidade genética. Neste trabalho, a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional entre 56 acessos de cajuí de três populações naturais do Parque Nacional das Sete Cidades (PI, Brasil) e dois acessos de caju (grupo externo) do Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Meio-Norte foram mensuradas usando marcadores ISSR. Foram obtidos 112 marcadores, dos quais 93 (83,04%) foram polimórficos. Os índices de diversidade dessas populações mostraram um nível moderado de diversidade genética. A AMOVA indicou que 96,17% da variabilidade genética encontra-se dentro das populações, o que representa baixa diferenciação genética entre as mesmas (ΦST = 0,03828). A análise da estrutura genética indicou a existência de quatro grupos genéticos conectados. Portanto, os três locais de coleta não representaram subpopulações devido ao alto fluxo gênico (Nm = 6,7) favorecido pela biologia floral de Anacardium, bem como pelos polinizadores e pequenos animais dispersores de sementes. Os resultados desta pesquisa são úteis aos programas de conservação de Anacardium spp., pois permitiram identificar os acessos mais divergentes geneticamente (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 e C-39) e portanto, genótipos prioritários para conservação
Aerobic stability of tifton 85 silage with and without pre-drying in the sun
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and aerobic stability of silage of Tifton 85 grass silage with two dry matter contents at different silos opening times. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a subdivided plots scheme, in which the silages constituted the plots and aerobic exposure times the subplots, with four replications. To verify the aerobic stability of the silages, the temperature and pH were analyzed at seven hours after the silos were opened (1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours). The pH reached adequate levels for conservation only after 90 days of fermentation for the silages with and without pre-drying in the sun. Ammoniacal nitrogen remained below the recommended limits in both silages. As for the silage temperature, no loss of aerobic stability was observed. However, the observed pH revealed a break instability after 72 hours when the silos were opened at 28 days, with no changes for the remaining silage periods. It is possible to obtain suitable silages from Tifton 85 with or without pre-warming in the sun, however, a minimum fermentation period of 90 days should be adopted. The studied silages presented high aerobic stability, but when kept silage for only 28 days, they should be consumed by the animals within 48 hours after the supply