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Genetic diversity among cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta crantz) collected in the south-central mesoregion of the state of Mato Grosso-Brazil
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 164 genotypes of Manihot esculenta from the South-Central mesoregion of the State of Mato Grosso. The genotypes are from projects conducted by the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres-Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), and the Brazilian Public Agricultural Research Corporation - Agrosilvopastoral (EMBRAPA). The agronomic descriptors evaluated were plant height, height of first branching, branching levels, weight of the aerial part of the plant, total weight of the plant, number of roots per plant, average weight of roots per plant, yield of commercial roots, yield of non-commercial roots, number of rotten roots per plant and harvest index. For the analysis of genetic divergence, multivariate analysis based on the standardized Euclidean mean distance was employed, later performing the Hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher Optimization agglomerative methods. The degree of preservation of the genetic distances in the dendrogram was verified using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion was used to quantify the relative contribution of characteristics to genetic divergence. The genotypes presented genetic dissimilarity for the evaluated characteristics and based on the results of the dissimilarity matrix and groupings, it is recommended the crossings between the genotypes allocated in group II with the genotype allocated in group V, for the development of segregated populations with high genetic variability
Bioactive content of six passion fruit genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil
Get PDFPassion fruit production in Brazil is concentrated in tropical regions, however, recently production has expanded to regions with temperate climate. Cultivar performance in different climate and soil can lead to variation in the contents of bioactive compounds in the juice and rind of the fruit. This study characterized the bioactive content of passion fruit rind and juice of six passion fruit genotypes (‘Catarina Roxo’, ‘Catarina’, ‘Urussanga’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’, ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’, and ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’) cultivated in southern Brazil. Phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, carotenoid, and ascorbic acid contents and the antioxidant potential of each fruit portion from each genotype were evaluated. Fruit composition varied with genotype and evaluated tissue. Bioactive compound contents were greatest in the rind of ‘Urussanga’ and ‘Catarina’, whereas the juice of ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ and ‘Catarina Roxo’ had the greatest bioactive content. Given cultivar and tissue variability for bioactive content, postharvest use of passion fruit will determine the choice of cultivar to obtain a product with maximum bioactive compounds. Passion fruit genotypes evaluated in this study have shown to be potential sources of bioactive compounds. Fruit rind has the potential to be explored in the scientific and technological scope, due to its high amounts of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity.A produção de maracujá no Brasil concentra-se nas regiões tropicais, no entanto, recentemente a produção se expandiu para regiões com clima mais temperado. O desempenho de cultivares em diferentes climas e solos pode levar a variações no conteúdo de compostos bioativos no suco e na casca do fruto. Este estudo caracterizou o conteúdo bioativo da casca e do suco de maracujá de seis genótipos de maracujá (‘Catarina Roxo’, ‘Catarina’, ‘Urussanga’, ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’, ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ e ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’) cultivadas no sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados os teores de fenólicos, flavonóides, antocianinas, carotenoides, ácido ascórbico e o potencial antioxidante de cada porção de fruto de cada genótipo. A composição dos frutos variou com o genótipo e o tecido avaliado. O conteúdo de compostos bioativos foi maior na casca de ‘Urussanga’ e ‘Catarina’, enquanto o suco de ‘BRS Sol do Cerrado’ e ‘Catarina Roxo’ tiveram o maior conteúdo bioativo. Dada a variabilidade da cultivar e do tecido quanto ao conteúdo bioativo, o uso pós-colheita do maracujá determinará a escolha da cultivar para obter um produto com o máximo de compostos bioativos. Os genótipos de maracujá avaliados por este estudo mostraram serem fontes potenciais de compostos bioativos. Portanto, a farinha de casca tem potencial para ser explorada no âmbito científico e tecnológico, devido à sua alta quantidade de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante
A simple and cost-effective method for DNA extraction suitable for PCR in “sucupira branca”
Get PDF“Sucupira branca” is a plant found in the Brazilian Cerrado and is adapted to low fertility soils, and its fruit extract has anti-inflammatory, healing, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, cercaricidal, leishmanicidal and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, it provides protection against oxidative stress, is a natural biocontrol agent of Aedes aegypti, has very resistant wood, is a melliferous plant and has been used in reforestation programs. The development of conservation strategies is important for maintaining diversity in natural populations of “sucupira branca” since these populations are in the process of genetic erosion. Molecular biology techniques, which are important for characterizing the genetic diversity of plants to develop conservation strategies, require sufficient high-quality genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This study aimed to compare five methods to extract DNA from “sucupira branca”. The quality and concentration of DNA were revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and only the protocols of Dellaporta, Wood and Hicks et al. (1983) and Khanuja et al. (1999) did not result in satisfactory quantities of DNA. When PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed with three inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, DNA was successfully amplified from extractions performed with the protocols proposed by Doyle and Doyle (1987), Romano and Brasileiro (1998) and Ferreira and Grattapaglia (1995), which are less expensive than commercial purification kits. These protocols resulted in DNA of sufficient quality and quantity after the amplification reactions were performed.Sucupira branca é encontrada no cerrado brasileiro e é uma planta bem adaptada à solos de baixa fertilidade e o extrato de seus frutos possui atividades antiinflamatória, antiulcerogênica, antimicrobiana, cercaricida, leishmanicida e antioxidante. Além disso, fornece proteção conta estresse oxidativo, é um agente natural de biocontrole do Aedes aegypti, possui madeira muito resistente, é uma planta melífora e tem sido usada em programas de reflorestamento. O desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação é importante para manter a diversidade em populações naturais de sucupira branca já que estas populações estão sofrendo erosão genética. Técnicas de biologia molecular requerem DNA genômico de alta qualidade e são importantes para caracterizar a diversidade genética de plantas e no desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação. Este trabalho objetivou comparar cinco métodos de extração de DNA em sucupira branca. A qualidade e concentração do DNA foi revelada por eletroforese em gel de agarose e apenas os protocolos de Dellaporta, Wood and Hicks (1983) e Khanuja et al. (1999) não resultaram em quantidades satisfatórias de DNA. Quando realizou-se a PCR com três primers ISSR, o DNA foi amplificado com sucesso a partir do DNA extraído de acordo com os protocolos propostos por Doyle e Doyle (1987), Ferreira e Grattapaglia (1995) e Romano e Brasileiro (1998), que são menos caros quando comparados a kits comerciais de extração de DNA; fornecendo um DNA de qualidade e em quantidade suficiente para a realização de reações de amplificação de DNA por meio da PCR
Comparisons between intake values observed and predicted by nutritional systems for confined nellore cattle
Get PDFThis study compared the dry matter intake (DMI) of Nellore heifers and bulls in the feedlot, predicted by the BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) and NRC (2000) nutritional systems. Hence, two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design. The first one used 47 Nellore bulls, not castrated, with an average initial weight of 413 kg, and 19 months of age. The second experiment used 24 Nellore heifers with an average initial weight of 300 kg and 23 months of age. The accuracy and approximation of the DMI estimates by the nutritional systems were adjusted with the simple linear regression model and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). The DMI was 8.06 kg day-1 for Nellore heifers and 11.54 kg day-1 for bulls, which are higher than the values predicted by the nutritional systems. The NRC (2000) and BR-Corte (2010 and 2016) underestimated DMI in 20.84, 20.09, and 19.35% for heifers and 28.07, 16.20, and 11.78% for bulls, respectively. It was concluded that the BR-Corte 2010 and 2016 were the most suitable models to estimate the DMI of Nellore heifers and bulls for higher precision and accuracy.Objetivou-se comparar o consumo de matéria seca (CMS) observado, por meio do uso do sistema eletrônico GrowSafe®, em novilhas e touros da raça Nelore em confinamento, com o predito pelos sistemas nutricionais BR-Corte (2010 e 2016) e NRC (2000). Para isso foram conduzidos dois experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado de maio até dezembro de 2017. No primeiro, foram utilizados 47 touros da raça Nelore, não castrados com peso corporal inicial médio 413 kg e 19 meses de idade. No segundo estudo, foram utilizadas 24 novilhas da raça Nelore com peso corporal inicial médio de 300 kg e 23 meses de idade. A avaliação da exatidão e aproximação das estimativas do CMS pelos sistemas nutricionais foi ajustada pelo modelo de regressão linear simples e decomposição do quadrado médio dos erros de predição (QMEP). O CMS médio observado nas novilhas Nelore foi de 8,06 kg.dia-1 e nos touros 11,54 kg.dia-1, valores superiores aos preditos pelos sistemas nutricionais. Os valores preditos pelo NRC 2000 e BR-Corte 2010 e 2016 subestimaram o CMS em 20,84, 20,09 e 19,35% para novilhas e 28,07, 16,20 e 11,78% para touros, respectivamente. Concluiu-se, através do QMEP e sua decomposição, que o BR-Corte 2010 e 2016 foram os modelos mais adequados para estimar o CMS de novilhas e touros da raça Nelore pela maior precisão e acurácia
Chemical and sensory characteristics in the selection of bourbon genotypes
Get PDFThe evaluation of coffee quality in Brazil for commercialization is conducted mainly through sensory analysis, also known as the "cup test", in which professional tasters evaluate and score various attributes. The adoption of chemical methods could complement the sensory classification of beverages, if correlations between these chemical and sensory analyses exist, making classification less subjective. This work aimed to identify the relationships between the chemical and sensorial traits of coffee-beverage quality and to evaluate the use of these traits as criteria for the selection of Bourbon cultivars. Twenty coffee genotypes from the first three harvests across five municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil were evaluated. The genotypic values, predicted for each genotype, were used to determine the index based on the sum of ranks from Mulamba and Mock. The genetic correlations among the evaluated traits were also estimated. The presented evaluations were not able to efficiently detect genetic and phenotypic relationships between the chemical and sensorial characteristics of drink quality, but as selection criteria for generation advancement in the beverage quality, it is possible to use these characteristics. Bourbon Amarelo LCJ 9-IAC, Bourbon Amarelo-Procafé, Bourbon Amarelo-Boa Vista, Bourbon Vermelho-São João Batista, and Bourbon Amarelo-Samambaia were the genotypes with the most promising cup quality in the studied regions. Through the selection of these five genotypes, the selection gain was 1.65% for sensory score for beverage quality, when the interaction among the studied environments was removed. The heritability was 92% for improving this trait.A avaliação da qualidade do café no Brasil para comercialização é realizada principalmente por meio de análise sensorial, também conhecida como "teste de xícara", na qual provadores profissionais avaliam e pontuam vários atributos. A adoção de métodos químicos poderia complementar a classificação sensorial de bebidas, se existirem correlações entre essas análises químicas e sensoriais, tornando a classificação menos subjetiva do que apenas com a utilização de análises sensoriais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar as relações entre as características químicas e sensoriais da qualidade da bebida de café e avaliar o uso dessas características como critério para seleção de cultivares Bourbon. Foram avaliados vinte genótipos de café das quatro primeiras colheitas em cinco municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os valores genotípicos, previstos para cada genótipo, foram utilizados para determinar o índice com base na soma das classificações de Mulamba e Mock. As correlações genéticas entre as características avaliadas também foram estimadas. As avaliações químicas não foram capazes de detectar com eficiência relações entre as características químicas e sensoriais da qualidade da bebida. É possível usar as características químicas e sensoriais utilizadas na avaliação da qualidade da bebida como critério de seleção. Bourbon Amarelo LCJ 9-IAC, Bourbon Amarelo-Procafé, Bourbon Amarelo-Boa Vista, Bourbon Vermelho-São João Batista e Bourbon Amarelo-Samambaia foram os genótipos com a qualidade de bebida mais promissores nas regiões estudadas. Removendo-se a interação entre os ambientes estudados, a seleção desses cinco genótipos mostrou ganho de seleção de 1,65% para a nota final da qualidade da bebida, com herdabilidade de 92%.
 
EFEITOS DO BLOQUEIO DO NERVO AURICULOPALPEBRAL NOS PARÂMETROS OCULARES EM CÃES
No full textThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of two local anesthetics used on auriculopalpebral block on eyelid akinesia, tear production, intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear break-up time (TBUT) in conscious dogs. A blind, randomized, prospective study was conducted to determine the effects of auriculopalpebral block using ropivacaine 0.75% and bupivacaine 0.5% in 12 healthy non-brachycephalic dogs (24 eyes). Threat response and eyelid reflex tests, Schirmer tear test (STT), IOP and tear break-up time were conducted before blockage and at 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360 minutes after application. A difference was observed between the values found at 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes compared to baseline for threat response and eyelid reflex tests in the two groups evaluated, proving eyelid akinesia after blockages. No difference was found for STT, IOP and TBUT between baseline values and post-anesthesia times or between groups. It was possible to conclude that ropivacaine and bupivacaine on auriculopalpebral block in conscious dogs promoted eyelid akinesia for at least 240 minutes, not altering ocular physiological parameters of tear production, intraocular pressure, and tear break-up time after blockages.O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar os efeitos de dois anestésicos locais utilizados no bloqueio auriculopalpebral sobre a acinesia das pálpebras, a produção lacrimal, a pressão intraocular (PIO) e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal (TRFL) em cães conscientes. Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo, randomizado e cego para determinar os efeitos do bloqueio auriculopalpebral utilizando a ropivacaína 0,75% e a bupivacaína 0,5% em 12 cães hígidos não braquiocefálicos (24 olhos). Foram realizados os testes de resposta à ameaça e de reflexo palpebral, o teste lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), a PIO e o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal antes do bloqueio e aos 30, 60, 120, 240 e 360 minutos após a aplicação. Observou-se diferença entre os valores encontrados aos 30, 60, 120 e 240 minutos em relação ao momento basal para os testes de resposta à ameaça e de reflexo palpebral nos dois grupos avaliados, comprovando a acinesia palpebral após os bloqueios. Verificou-se que não houve diferença para o TLS, a PIO e o TRFL entre os valores basais e os tempos pós-anestesia ou entre os grupos. Foi possível concluir que a ropivacaína e a bupivacaína no bloqueio auriculopalpebral em cães conscientes promoveram acinesia palpebral durante pelo menos 240 minutos, sem alterar os parâmetros fisiológicos oculares da produção lacrimal, da pressão intraocular e do tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal após o bloqueio
First detection of Leishmania of the subgenus viannia in Alipiopsitta xanthops, endemic bird of South America
Get PDFWe report the first molecular detection of Leishmania infection (subgenus Viannia) in the yellow-faced parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops), at a wildlife rehabilitation center located in the city of Campo Grande, Brazil, an endemic area for leishmaniasis. PCRs targeting kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and the small subunit of ribosomal RNA of Leishmania spp. were performed, both positive, followed by the sequencing of the amplified region of the SSU rDNA gene, which confirmed the identity of the parasite. This is the first report of success obtained in the use of PCR targeting the IRBP (Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein) gene as an internal control in the molecular diagnosis of pathogens in bird species.
 
Differentiation of face and auricular shape resulting from diabetes and hypertension in the elderly
Get PDFThe prevalence global of noncommunicable chronic diseases as diabetes and hypertension worldwide has been disregarded until recently by policy makers. In addition, these diseases have growing with the aging of the population. This study sought to identify changes in face shape from the frontal and side views in elderly people diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension. 205 individuals were studied, with 60 years or more, from both sexes, with different ethnicities, and cognition intact. With a digital camera, photos were taken of the front and side and based on these images landmarks for measurement were determined. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, Canonical Variates Analysis, Mahalanobis distance and Thin-Plate Spline were realized. Given sexual dimorphism, the sexes were analyzed separately. From the ANOVA, significant differences (p<0.01) for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and patients with both or neither of the diseases were observed. The groups were separated by the Canonical Variates and Mahalanobis distance and independent of edentulism, sex or ethnicity. A morphofacial characteristics for the front and side views (especially in the ear region) that identified individuals with these chronic diseases was observed. This methodology can contribute in a specific manner to the identification of at risk populations and help to promote preventative measures for these conditions
Crop management and its effects on weed occurrences
Get PDFThe objective was to evaluate weed phytosociology and similarities between crop management systems in the Chapadões region. The experiment was conducted at in agricultural area located in the municipality of Chapadão do Sul, MS, during the 2016/17 harvest. Three crop managements strategies were used: (1) cotton/soybean/Urochloa, (2) millet/soybean/millet and (3) millet/soybean/crotalaria. A phytosociological survey of weeds was carried out during soybean cultivation and cover crops growth, in succession. The evaluation area for each management strategy was 0.5 ha. Soybean surveys were carried out in October and January, while the cover crop surveys were performed in February and May. The relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD), relative abundance (AR), and relative importance (RI) of weeds, Venn diagram, and Jaccard and Sorenson similarity indices were evaluated. The management area represented by the cotton/soybean/Urochloa rotation had fewer weed species than others. The species Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria insularis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica and Commelina benghalensis had the highest phytosociological indeces among the monocotyledons. Attention is required for managing the dicotyledons Amaranthus deflexus, Conyza canadensis and Senna obtusifolia despite their low indices because of herbicide resistant cases. The highest indeces of similarity were found between managements areas 2 and 3, which did not rely on cotton cultivation prior to soybeans
Molecular biology as a diagnostic tool for detection of Leptospira spp. in cows of a border region – case report
Get PDFThe reproductive efficiency of livestock is the basis for the success of livestock, dairy or beef, and having high reproductive performance depends on several factors within the production system and the presence of infectious diseases of the reproductive sphere in the herd is one of the factors that can compromise that efficiency. The aim of this study was to use molecular biology as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Leptospira spp. DNA in cows with reproductive disorders on a rural property in the municipality of Boca do Acre, Amazonas, Brazil. Vaginal mucus was collected from nine Nelore breeding cows with a history of abortion and birth of weak calves submitted to DNA extraction and nested-PCR technique for 16S gene amplification at the bacterial genus level. Of the nine samples analyzed, five (55.55%) amplified a product of 331bp. The municipality of Boca do Acre is bordered by Peru and Bolivia, and knowledge of the prevalence of the disease, serovars, and circulating Leptospira species is essential for the adoption of measures related to animal husbandry, as well as health education for ranchers and their workers to avoid a possible occupational infection since this disease is considered an important zoonosis. New molecular studies using primers that allow the identification of the Leptospira species and mainly pathogenic species should be conducted in this region in order to elucidate the possible species of this etiological agent and the possible reservoirs of the disease to begin the understanding of the epidemiology of this disease in cattle in this region of border