Bioscience Journal
Not a member yet
3143 research outputs found
Sort by
Biological activity of entomopathogenic nematodes on Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Get PDFAnastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) is one of the main pests of fruit farming, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) represent an important control tool of this species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of different isolate against A. fraterculus larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using a suspension of three isolates of Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCB 24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB 02 and Steinernema feltiae IBCB 47 at six concentrations (control - without nematodes), 50, 150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 infective juveniles (IJs)/mL of water per 3º instar larvae. It was verified the susceptibility of larvae of A. fraterculus to isolates of EPNs and a significant increase of the pupal mortality in the function of the concentration of IJs inoculated by larva (above 75%). After the dissection of pupae and adults of A. fraterculus from infected larvae, the concentration of 1500 IJs/mL of EPNs provided the highest rate of multiplication of IJs by insect, equating to maximum concentration tested 1500 IJs/mL. Adults of A. fraterculus from larvae infected with EPNs longevity of five days, being less than adults from uninfected larvae by IJs (135 days). H. amazonensis IBCB 24, S. carpocapsae IBCB 02, and S. feltiae IBCB 47 proved to be promising as agents of biological control of A. fraterculus
Effectiveness of methods for cleaning arch wire: an in vitro study
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate various methods of removing bacterial and fungus biofilm, to simulate orthodontic arch wires cleaning before reinsertion in the patients appliance. Rectangular Nickel Titanium (NiTi), Stainless Steel (SS) and Titanium Molybdenum (TMA) wires were divided into five groups, then contaminated with strains of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicas. Four segments of each group served as control and were not contaminated. Six cleanings methods were used to remove the biofilm: cotton roll and a chemical agent (chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite, 70% alcohol), cotton roll and water, steel woll and immersion on enzymatic detergent. There was a control group not decontaminated Then wires were placed in broth separately, and after an incubation period the optical density (OD) was measured, observing whether there was microbial growth. A wire segment of each subgroup of SS 3M® was taken to the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for visualization of the treatment response. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA test and Tukey post-test. With the exception of 70% alcohol, the disinfection means behaved similarly regardless the type of wire. Two percent Chlorhexidine and 1% Sodium Hypochlorite totally removed the microorganisms while other agents left a high microbial concentration. Chemical cleaning is necessary to remove biofilm in orthodontic wires; 1% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine are good disinfectants for this purpose
Enzymatic activity and gene expression related to drought stress tolerance in maize seeds and seedlings
Get PDFDrought stress is a major limiting factor for the development of maize, and the identification of the expression of genes related to this stress in seeds and seedlings can be an important tool to accelerate the selection process. The expression of genes related to tolerance to water deficit in seeds and in different tissues of maize seedlings were evaluated. Four tolerant genotypes (91-T, 32-T, 91x75-T, 32x75-T) and four non-tolerant genotypes (37-NT, 57-NT, 37x57-NT and 31x37-NT) were seeded in a substrate with 10% (stress) and 70% (control) water retention capacity. The expression of 4 enzymes were evaluated: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), esterase (EST), and heat-resistant protein (HRP), as well as the relative expression of 6 genes: ZmLEA3, ZmPP2C, ZmCPK11, ZmDREB2A/2.1s, ZmDBP3 and ZmAN13 were evaluated in seed, shoots and roots of seedlings submitted or not to stress. There was variation in the expression of CAT, PO, SOD, EST and HRP enzymes among the evaluated genotypes and also in the different tissues evaluated. Higher expression of the CAT and PO was observed in the shoots. There was a greater expression of the EST in the genotypes non-tolerant to water deficit. HRP was expressed only in seeds. In the aerial part of maize seedlings, classified as tolerant, higher expression of genes ZmLEA3 and ZmCPK11 was observed. There was a higher expression of the ZmAN13 and ZmDREB2A/2.1S genes in roots developed under stress conditions and a higher expression of the ZmPP2C gene in seeds of line 91-T, which is classified as tolerant to drought stress.O estresse hídrico é um dos fatores mais limitantes para o desenvolvimento da cultura do milho, e o conhecimento de genes relacionados a este estresse em sementes e em plântulas pode ser uma importante ferramenta para acelerar o processo de seleção. Nós avaliamos a expressão de genes relacionados à tolerância ao estresse hídrico em sementes e em diferentes tecidos de plântulas de milho. Quatro genótipos tolerantes (91-T, 32-T, 91x75-T e 32x75-T) e quatro não tolerantes (37-NT, 57-NT, 37x57-NT e 31x37-NT) foram semeadas em substrato contendo 10% (estresse) e 70% (controle) de capacidade de retenção de água no solo. Foi avaliada a expressão de 4 enzimas: catalase (CAT), peroxidase (PO), esterase (EST) e proteínas resistentes ao calor (HRP), e também a expressão de 6 genes: ZmLEA3, ZmPP2C, ZmCPK11, ZmDREB2A/2.1s, ZmDBP3 e ZmAN13 em sementes, parte aérea e raízes submetidas ou não ao estresse. A expressão da CAT, PO, SOD, EST e HRP variaram entre os genótipos avaliados e também em sementes, raiz e parte aérea de plântulas de milho. Maior expressão das enzimas CAT e PO foram observadas na parte aérea. Houve maior expressão da enzima EST nos genótipos não tolerantes ao estresse hídrico. As HRP se expressaram apenas em sementes. Maior expressão dos genes ZmLEA3 e ZmCPK11 foram observados na parte aérea de plântulas de milho, classificadas como tolerantes. Houve maior expressão dos genes ZmAN13 e ZmDREB2A/2.1S em raízes sob condição de estresse e uma maior expressão do gene ZmPP2C em sementes da linhagem 91-T, que é classificada como tolerante ao déficit hídrico
Spatial distribution of anti-rabies post-exposure treatments associated with the decentralization process in Belo Horizonte, 2007 to 2011
Get PDFCases of canine attacks on people are reported because of the proximity of the dog to the households in several Brazilian cities. In the present study, we aim to evaluate post-exposure anti-rabies treatments with canine accidents between the years 2007 to 2011 in Belo Horizonte - MG. Duly notified data were obtained from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The spatial characteristics of the cases during the period of the study referred to the neighborhoods and the nine sanitary districts of the municipality of Belo Horizonte - MG. For georeferencing and spatial analysis, we used the software Maporama to identify the coordinates and the Geographic Information System ArcGIS for mapping. Considering the 6.153 prophylactic services that were georeferenced, the Norte, Venda Nova, Leste, and Centro Sul regions were highlighted due to the higher frequency of registered cases. It is suggested that an integrative action focused on canine population control, health education and epidemiological surveillance studies could contribute to the reduction of canine aggression cases.Atualmente os cães são considerados os animais de estimação preferidos da sociedade moderna. Esta inclusão no ambiente familiar é de suma importância em relação às zoonoses e à probabilidade de ocorrências de mordeduras. As agressões caninas são um problema complexo de Saúde Pública e de bem-estar animal. Casos de ataques caninos às pessoas são notificados em função da proximidade do cão junto aos núcleos familiares em diversas metrópoles do Brasil. Objetivou-se avaliar os atendimentos antirrábicos pós-exposição a partir das características espaciais dos casos entre os anos de 2007 a 2011 em Belo Horizonte - MG. Os dados devidamente notificados foram obtidos no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). As características espaciais dos casos durante o período do estudo faziam referência aos bairros e às nove regionais do município de Belo Horizonte - MG. Para georreferenciamento e análise espacial foram utilizados o programa Maporama para identificação das coordenadas e o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (ArcGIS) para elaboração dos mapas. Considerando os 6.153 atendimentos profiláticos que foram georreferenciados, as regionais Norte, Venda Nova, Leste e Centro Sul se destacaram por terem sido as de maior registro de casos. Verificou-se pela análise espacial que a descentralização da assistência profilática antirrábica em Belo Horizonte facilitou o acesso do usuário ao sistema de saúde. A acessibilidade e a rapidez no atendimento são indicadores importantes para a prevenção da raiva. Sugere-se uma ação integrativa voltada para o controle populacional canino, a educação em saúde e estudos de epidemiovigilância para uma possível redução nos casos de agressões canina. 
Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant screening of Artemisia santolinifolia various parts
Get PDFThe current study was carried out to explore the phytochemical, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the crude methanolic extract of A. santolinifolia Turcz. Ex Besser. The antioxidant activity was carried out by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay, while methanolic extract displayed the highest scavenging activity (DPPH) was 61.31µg/ml on Artemisia santolinifolia root and the lowest (51.05µg/ml) was record for their leaves. Similarly, in (ABTS) the highest activity (89.16µg/ml) was recorded for roots of A. santolinifolia followed by leaves (68.14µg/ml). In low inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested microbes on different concentrations like 25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml. The leaves extract of A. santolinifolia AsL showed MIC of 12.5µg/ml for B. subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium, 50µg/ml for gram positive bacteria S. aureus and 37.5 µg/ml for gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa that is almost equal to the response of standard ciprofloxacin. Our current study revealed that Artemisia santolinifolia root (AsR) exhibited a significant antioxidant potential while AsL showed good antibacterial effect which is suggested to be used for treatment and management of different infectious diseases
Accuracy of the dental pulp sensibility test using cold spray for the diagnosis of pulp diseases: an observational clinical study
Get PDFThe dental pulp sensibility test is one of the main auxiliary resources for the diagnosis of pulp pathologies, and its accuracy is still debatable. This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the accuracy of the pulp sensibility test (PST) using cold spray (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) for the diagnosis of pulp diseases and determined the effect of individual and clinical variables on the reliability of this test. The paper was designed following the STROBE statement. Sixty patients with indications for primary endodontic treatment were selected and examined from August 2017 to July 2018. Data collection was performed through interviews, clinical/radiographic examinations and the PST. The results of the cold test, along with data on sex, age, the tooth type regarding the root number, and the presence of restorations and caries, as well as the recent consumption of analgesics, were recorded. The presence of bleeding within the pulp chamber was used as the gold standard to compare with the clinical diagnosis and to identify the true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative responses. The accuracy of PST achieved in subgroups of individual and clinical variables was compared using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). The PST with the use of cold spray showed a sensitivity of 0.88, a specificity of 1.00, a positive predictive value of 1.00, a negative predictive value of 0.86, and an accuracy of 0.93. The accuracy of the cold spray was not affected by individual or clinical variables. The PST with the use of cold spray is an accurate and reliable method for determining the diagnosis of pulp diseases, especially in cases of pulp vitality or irreversible pulpitis
Survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students
Get PDFThe development of cervical cancer is related with human papillomavirus infection with greater intensity the subtypes 16 and 18. Considering that the lifestyle of women influences the development of this cancer, this study aimed to perform a survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students. Descriptive and exploratory research, with a quantitative approach was performed with 101 biomedical undergraduates. Data were collected from February to March 2018 through a questionnaire and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science program. Students in the age group of 18 to 24 years old (89.11%), single (93.07%), with family income between two and three minimum wages prevailed (43.56%). It also showed that participants started their sexual life early (average 16 years old), had more than one sexual partner throughout their lives, had no relation to smoking (100%), most were not alcohol consumers (66%), did not take the Papanicolaou preventive exam (61.39%), did not practice physical activity (55.45%) and had a low frequency in the use of condoms during sexual intercourse (22.08%). It is concluded that there is a need for educational campaigns in Higher Education Institutions, which provide more information about the prevention of Cervical Cancer and the prevention of associated risk factors.The development of cervical cancer is related with human papillomavirus infection with greater intensity the subtypes 16 and 18. Considering that the lifestyle of women influences the development of this cancer, this study aimed to perform a survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students. Descriptive and exploratory research, with a quantitative approach was performed with 101 biomedical undergraduates. Data were collected from February to March 2018 through a questionnaire and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science program. Students in the age group of 18 to 24 years old (89.11%), single (93.07%), with family income between two and three minimum wages prevailed (43.56%). It also showed that participants started their sexual life early (average 16 years old), had more than one sexual partner throughout their lives, had no relation to smoking (100%), most were not alcohol consumers (66%), did not take the Papanicolaou preventive exam (61.39%), did not practice physical activity (55.45%) and had a low frequency in the use of condoms during sexual intercourse (22.08%). It is concluded that there is a need for educational campaigns in Higher Education Institutions, which provide more information about the prevention of Cervical Cancer and the prevention of associated risk factors
Cover crops, lime and gypsum influence on soil physical attributes
Get PDFCover crops promote nutrient cycling, and lime and gypsum can alter the soil physical attributes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum rates applied to a no-tillage system with addition of residues of three cover crops on the soil physical attributes. This experiment was carried out in chapadão do sul-ms. The treatments were comprised of three cover crops (Urochloa ruziziensis, fallow, and Pennisetum glaucum), with gypsum (0, 2.3 and 4.6 Mg ha-1) and lime applied at a dose of 0, 2, 4, 6 Mg ha-1).The attributes evaluated were: soil density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and penetration resistance. The soil of the experiment was classified an Oxisol. Cover crops and lime and gypsum improved macroporosity, microporosity and total porosity at all depths, 0-0.2 m. Millet presented lower values for penetration resistance with the lime application and without gypsum application. No residual effect on soil density was detected for lime and gypsum application or cover crops in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. Brazilian Cerrado producers will have a well-defined management system to follow aiming at improving the soil physical attributes
Organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical in cherry tomato growing under irrigation depths
Get PDFTwo experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of organic fertilization as an alternative to the chemical on the yield and quality of cherry tomato grown under different irrigation depths in protected environment, in 2013 and 2014. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (5 x 3 factor), with five irrigation depths as the factors (70%, 85%, 100%, 115% and 130% of ETc) and three types of fertilization: no fertilized soil (control), NPK fertilized soil (Chemical) and earthworm humus fertilized soil (organic). The following were evaluated in this study: water use efficiency, number of aborted flowers, total soluble solid content, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the fruits, number of fruits and fruit yield per plant. Organic fertilization is an alternative to the chemical with no losses in yield and fruit quality. The increase in water depth enhanced yield and fruit diameters and reduced water use efficiency. Water use efficiency was more sensitive to the increments in water depth than to different types of fertilization. The values of °Brix obtained in the experiment were classified as acceptable for the domestic and international market when submitted to organic fertilization
Agronomic characterization of sunflower cultivars for animal feeding in tropical conditions
Get PDFThis study was developed to examine morpho-agronomic traits of 18 sunflower cultivars and identify superior cultivars in terms of grain yield, forage quality, or both, for animal feeding. Twenty-two morpho-agronomic traits related to plant development and architecture; earliness of maturity; grain yield (achenes); dry matter yield; and dry matter content were evaluated. Cultivars Hélio 253, Hélio 358, Embrapa 122, BRS 321, and Hélio 360 showed inflorescence at the final stage. Aguará 4 showed the lowest flowering rate, characterizing it as late-maturing. For grain yield, cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended, as they showed the highest achene yields (average: 1,541.67 to 2,148.81 kg.ha−1, respectively). Cultivars Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL exhibited higher dry matter yields (9,550.93 to 11,789.91 kg ha−1) and were thus indicated for forage production. Cultivars Charrua, Olisun 3, BRS 321, Paraíso 103CL, Paraíso 65, Aguará 6, and CF 101 are recommended for grain yield, for the diet of monogastric animals; Charrua, Hélio 251, Olisun 3, Hélio 360, Paraíso 55, and Paraíso 103CL for forage yield, for ruminant feeding; and Charrua, Olisun 3, and Paraíso 103CL for both purposes