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Evaluation of apical transportation and apical root sealing in root canals prepared with mtwo rotary system with and without apical enlargement – an in vitro study
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to evaluate apical transportation and apical root canal sealing after root canal filling in human teeth prepared with MTwo® Rotary System with and without apical foramen enlargement. Twenty mandibular premolars were divided into two groups (n=10). Group 1 had root canals prepared 1mm beyond the apical foramen. Group 2 had root canals prepared 1mm below the root canal length. After chemo-mechanical preparation, samples were submitted to scanning electronic microscopy. Apical foramen images had 75x magnification at standardized positions, allowing measurements from the apical foramen area before and after root canal preparation, and after root canal filling. Apical foramen shape and apical transportation, as well as its level of circumferential filling after root canal preparation were accessed using the Image Subtraction System. Scanning electronic microscopy analysis demonstrated that samples of Group 1 showed larger foraminal diameter than samples of Group 2 (p<0.05). Apical foramen transportation was statistically different between Groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0108). Furthermore, the apical foramen sealing also differed statistically between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0007) and 100% of samples of Group 1 showed apical root canal sealing. Apical root canal sealing was more effective when the root canal was prepared with apical foramen enlargement, even when the apical transportation was detected.Objetivo: avaliar o transporte apical e o selamento apical do canal radicular após o preenchimento do canal radicular em dentes humanos que foram preparados com o Sistema rotatório MTwo®, com e sem aumento do forame apical. Metodologia: vinte pré-molares inferiores foram divididos em dois grupos (n=10). O grupo 1 apresentou canais radiculares preparados 1mm além do forame apical. O grupo 2 apresentou canais radiculares preparados 1mm aquém do comprimento do canal radicular. Após o preparo químico-mecânico, as amostras foram submetidas à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As imagens do forame apical foram ampliadas em 75x, em posições padronizadas, permitindo medidas da área do forame apical antes e após a preparação do canal radicular e após o preenchimento do canal radicular. A forma do forame apical e o transporte apical, bem como o nível de seu preenchimento circunferencial após a preparação do canal radicular, foram acessados usando o sistema de subtração de imagem. Resultados: a análise por microscopia eletrônica de varredura demonstrou que as amostras do Grupo 1 apresentaram maior diâmetro foraminal do que as amostras do Grupo 2 (p<0,05). O transporte do forame apical foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos 1 e 2 (p = 0,0108). Além disso, o selamento do forame apical também diferiu estatisticamente entre os grupos 1 e 2 (p=0,0007) e 100% das amostras do grupo 1 apresentaram selamento apical do canal radicular. Conclusão: o selamento apical do canal radicular foi mais eficaz quando o preparo do canal radicular foi realizado com aumento do forame apical, mesmo quando o transporte apical foi detectado
Knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the papanicolaou exam
Get PDFCervical cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women, considered a serious public health problem, however it can be detected and treated early through the Pap smear. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the Pap smear. A cross-sectional study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), applied with 108 students, was carried out at a Higher Education Institution in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The data were collected through the months of February and March of 2018 with the application of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was descriptive in terms of absolute and relative frequencies. Knowledge 72 (66.6%) and attitude 76 (70.3%) presented adequate levels regarding the examination. As for the practice, the percentage of suitability was of 37 academics (34.2%) relatively not adequate. It was concluded that the students had adequate knowledge and attitude, but an inadequate practice, and the Papanicolaou test is required for the early screening and prevention of cervical cancer
Associação fenotípica entre o consumo alimentar residual e as características de carcaça de touros jovens da raça Nelore
No full textThe purpose of this study was to estimate the phenotypic associations between residual food intake (RFI) and carcass traits, evaluated by ultrasonography, of young Nellore bulls. Information about 53 young Nelore bulls, pure origin (PO), participants in the Individual Performance Test of Nelore Bulls, carried out at the Capim Branco experimental farm of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) were used for this purpose. It was evaluated the characteristics of residual feed intake (RFI), rib eye area (REA), marbling (MAR) and fat thickness (FT). In order to estimate the Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, the SAS program was used. Regarding the influence of the RFI classes (low RFI, medium RFI and high RFI) on carcass traits, an out analysis of variance was carried out using the least squares method. It was verified that there was no phenotypic association between RFI and the characteristics of REA and MAR, but the relation between FT and the phenotypic association revealed a medium magnitude. However, when evaluating the RFI classes, it was observed that there were no significant differences of the RFI classes with the carcass traits (REA, FT and MAR). It is recommended that new studies are carried out to verify if the selection for RFI does not result in damages to the finishing of carcass in Nelore cattle.Objetivou-se estimar as associações fenotípicas entre o consumo alimentar residual (CAR) e as características de carcaça, avaliadas por ultrassonografia, de touros jovens da raça Nelore. Foram utilizadas informações de 53 touros jovens da raça Nelore, puros de origem (PO), participantes da Prova de Desempenho Individual de Touros Nelore, realizada na fazenda experimental Capim Branco da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU). Avaliou-se as características de consumo alimentar residual (CAR), área de olho de lombo (AOL), marmoreio (MAR) e acabamento de carcaça (ACAB). Para a estimação dos coeficientes de correlação de Spearman e Pearson utilizou-se o programa SAS. Com o intuito de verificar a influência das classes do CAR (baixo CAR, médio CAR e alto CAR) sobre as características de carcaça realizou-se as análises de variância por meio do método dos quadrados mínimos. Verificou-se que não houve associação fenotípica entre o CAR e as características de AOL e MAR, mas em relação ao ACAB, a associação fenotípica foi de média magnitude. No entanto, ao avaliar as classes de CAR, observou-se que não ocorreram diferenças significativas das classes de CAR com as características de carcaça (AOL, ACAB e MAR). Recomenda-se a realização de novos estudos para comprovar se a seleção para o CAR não acarreta em prejuízos para o acabamento de carcaça em bovinos da raça Nelore.
 
Serum biochemical reference ranges for pregnant sheep
Get PDFLate pregnancy is accompanied by dramatic changes in the metabolism of sheep, in which the nutrient requirements increase and the metabolic capacity of ewes is under severe stress due to the rapid foetal growth and development of the mammary gland. The blood metabolic profile can be used to monitor these alterations, which can lead to metabolic disorders such as pregnancy toxaemia. However, data available on serum parameters in sheep do not consider physiological state. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the biochemical reference ranges for pregnant ewes, including serum energy, protein and enzyme-related metabolites. Data from a variety of metabolites were obtained from experiments performed in several institutions and commercial farms using Santa Inês, Dorper, Lacaune, Morada Nova, Bergamacia and Suffolk ewes reared under different conditions (grazing, feedlot, semi-feedlot, collective and/or individual pens, and metabolic cages) from 2006 to 2017. All animals were healthy and without feed restriction. Data from ewes with any clinical manifestations were removed. The metabolic energy profile included data of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein levels; the metabolic protein profile included the metabolites total protein, uric acid, urea, albumin, and creatinine; and the metabolic enzymatic profile included the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase. The reference ranges were estimated using the software RefVal 4.11. Dixon’s test was used to identify and remove outliers. The confidence intervals and percentiles were estimated using the nonparametric method of bootstrap when data were not normally distributed. A 95% confidence level was used. The serum biochemical reference ranges for pregnant sheep determined in our study were strongly divergent from those established by one of the most cited books on the topic, especially considering the high serum urea and cholesterol concentrations and low levels of blood glucose observed. Therefore, it is essential to consider physiological status when evaluating the blood metabolic profile of pregnant ewes in order to maintain an adequate nutritional management and to prevent health disorders that may lead to productive and reproductive losses.Late pregnancy is accompanied by dramatic changes in the metabolism of sheep, in which the nutrient requirements increase and the metabolic capacity of ewes is under severe stress due to the rapid foetal growth and development of the mammary gland. The blood metabolic profile can be used to monitor these alterations, which can lead to metabolic disorders such as pregnancy toxaemia. However, data available on serum parameters in sheep do not consider physiological state. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the biochemical reference ranges for pregnant ewes, including serum energy, protein and enzyme-related metabolites. Data from a variety of metabolites were obtained from experiments performed in several institutions and commercial farms using Santa Inês, Dorper, Lacaune, Morada Nova, Bergamacia and Suffolk ewes reared under different conditions (grazing, feedlot, semi-feedlot, collective and/or individual pens, and metabolic cages) from 2006 to 2017. All animals were healthy and without feed restriction. Data from ewes with any clinical manifestations were removed. The metabolic energy profile included data of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein levels; the metabolic protein profile included the metabolites total protein, uric acid, urea, albumin, and creatinine; and the metabolic enzymatic profile included the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase. The reference ranges were estimated using the software RefVal 4.11. Dixon’s test was used to identify and remove outliers. The confidence intervals and percentiles were estimated using the nonparametric method of bootstrap when data were not normally distributed. A 95% confidence level was used. The serum biochemical reference ranges for pregnant sheep determined in our study were strongly divergent from those established by one of the most cited books on the topic, especially considering the high serum urea and cholesterol concentrations and low levels of blood glucose observed. Therefore, it is essential to consider physiological status when evaluating the blood metabolic profile of pregnant ewes in order to maintain an adequate nutritional management and to prevent health disorders that may lead to productive and reproductive losses
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E PLASTICIDADE DE CÉLULAS –TRONCO MESENQUIMAIS DE GELÉIA DE WHARTON DE CORDÃO UMBILICAL DE CAPRINO
No full textMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), obtained from several anatomical sites, have already been described, characterized and used in therapeutic models for tissue repair. The umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, represented by cells from arteries and veins walls, as well as Wharton\u27s jelly are easy to be obtained, highly available, require no invasive procedure, do not present risk to donors and do not present ethical limitation. The aim of this research was to analyze the plasticity of Wharton\u27s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) of goat, evaluating their behavior in vitro and characterizing them immunophenotypically. Thus, tests were performed on colony forming units, viability and cell growth curve, flow cytometry analysis and plasticity potential. Goat umbilical cord matrix cells exhibited fibroblastoid morphology with colony formation and self-renewal ability, always maintaining their undifferentiated state up to the eighth passage (P8). The growth curve kinetics exhibited the LAG, LOG, and DECAY phases, without displaying a PLATEAU phase. The plasticity assay demonstrated positive differentiation for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lines, characterized by the synthesis of intracytoplasmic granules or extracellular matrix with the presence of calcium, lipids and proteoglycans. Flow cytometry demonstrated the expression of CD90 and CD105; absence of CD14 expression. It is concluded that the cell population isolated from the Wharton\u27s jelly of goat constitutes a representative sample of mesenchymal stem cells, with great possibilities in the field of regenerative and reproductive medicine.RESUMO: Células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs) de vários sítios anatômicos foram descritas, caracterizadas e utilizadas em modelos terapêuticos. As células-tronco do cordão umbilical (UC-MSCs) e anexos fetais, incluindo as da geleia de Wharton (WJ-MSCs) são de fácil aquisição, disponibilidade, não requer procedimento invasivo, não apresentam risco para os doadores e não apresenta limitação ética. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a plasticidade das células-tronco mesenquimais da geleia de Wharton (WJ-MSCs) do cordão umbilical de caprinos, avaliando seu comportamento in vitro e caracterizando estas células imunofenotipicamente. Assim, foram realizados ensaios de unidades formadoras de colônias, viabilidade e curva de crescimento celular, análise por citometria de fluxo e o potencial de plasticidade. As células da matriz do cordão umbilical caprino exibiram morfologia fibroblastóide com formação de colônias e capacidade de autorenovação, sempre mantendo seu estado indiferenciado até a oitava passagem (P8). A cinética celular apresentou as fases LAG, LOG, PLATEAU e DECAIMENTO. As células WJ-MSCs de caprino, durante a sétima passagem (P7), responderam in vitro a diferenciação celular por meios indutores para as linhagens, osteogênica, adipogênica e condrogênica, resultando em osteoblastos, adipócitos e condrócitos respectivamente, apresentando características tridimensionais semelhantes aos tecidos. A citometria de fluxo demostrou a expressão de CD90 e CD105; ausência da expressão CD14. Conclui-se que a população de células isoladas a partir da geleia de Wharton de caprino constitui uma amostra representativa de células-tronco, com grandes possibilidades no campo da medicina regenerativa e reprodutiva.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Matriz de cordão umbilical. Cultura de célula. Citometria de fluxo. Células –tronco mesenquimais. Diferenciação de linhage
Use of the imazapic herbicide applied alone or tank mix with imazapyr as growth regulator of lawns
Get PDFSuccessive mowing are the major maintenance costs of lawns. Thus, both the expenditure with mowing and the visual and physiological aspect of the lawn have led to the search for alternatives to mechanical management. Thus, this work aimed to study the effects of different rates of imazapic herbicide applied alone or combined with imazapyr as a growth regulator of Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) and St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum). The experimental design was a randomized block with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of six rates of imazapic herbicide (35; 70; 105; 140; 175 and 210 g a.i. ha-1) for both species, three rates of imazapic + imazapyr in tank mix (15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for Bahiagrass and four rates of imazapic + imazapyr mixture (7.875 + 2.625; 15.57 + 5.25; 23.625 + 7.875; 32.5 + 10.5 g a.i. ha-1) for St. Augustine grass. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by observing visible injury symptoms, canopy height, height and number of inflorescences and total dry matter of clippings. Applications of imazapic alone or combined with imazapyr were effective in reducing plant height, number and height of inflorescences and total amount of dry matter of clippings produced by Bahiagrass plants. Imazapic provided satisfactory control of St. Augustine growth, but its utilization caused an increase in the number of inflorescences present in the lawns
Alternative products to control powdery mildew in soybeans culture in field
Get PDFThe occurrence of powdery mildew (Microsphaera diffusa) in soybean (Glycine max L.) has increased in the last harvests. In order to study the efficiency of powdery mildew control due to the application of alternative products and conventional fungicide, trials were conducted in Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil, during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 growing seasons. The design used was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments for the experiments were: 1 - control; 2 - acibenzolar-S-methyl (Bion 500 WG®); 3 - calcium (Max Fruit®); 4 - Micronutrients: copper, manganese and zinc (Wert Plus®); 5 - Micronutrients: manganese, zinc and molybdenum (V6®); 6 - NK fertilizer (Hight Roots®); 7 - Ascophyllum nodosum (Acadian®) and 8 - fungicide (azoxystrobin + cyproconazole) (Priori XTRA®) with the addition of the adjuvant. Four applications of alternative products (phenological stages V3, V6, R1 and R5.1) and two of fungicide (phenological stages R1 and R5.1) were carried out. The parameters evaluated were powdery mildew severity and productivity. The severity data made it possible to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPG). Alternative products didn’t reduce powdery mildew in the two harvests. The conventional fungicide treatment was the only one that controlled powdery mildew and didn’t reduce the productivity in both experiments
O método de aplicação de bioestimulantes afeta a produção e a conservação pós-colheita de melão amarelo
No full textWorldwide, Brazil holds the fifth position in melon fruits exportation, further expanding its products to provide for the growing demand. This expansion is the result of the development and application of new technologies, including the management of the use of biostimulants. However, for melon crops, the information in the literature on the use of biostimulants remains limited to the effects of different doses on fruit quality at the time of harvest. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different methods of pre-harvest application of two biostimulants on the production and postharvest conservation of fruits of yellow melon cv. Iracema. The treatments consisted of a combination of three factors: two plant biostimulants (Crop Set® and Spray Dunger®), two application methods of the products (fertigation and spraying), and five times of postharvest storage (0, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days). An additional control treatment corresponded to plants without biostimulant application. The fruits were evaluated for production and physicochemical attributes: average mass, yield, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, SSC/TA ratio, pH, total soluble sugars, and weight loss. Fertigation is the recommended application method of biostimulants for yellow melon due to its effect on the increase of average mass, yield, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars of the fruits in relation to the spraying method.Mundialmente, o Brasil ocupa a quinta posição na exportação de frutos de melão, expandindo ainda mais sua produtividade para atender a crescente demanda. Essa expansão é resultado do desenvolvimento e aplicação de novas tecnologias e técnicas de manejo. Dentre as técnicas de manejo para a cultura do melão que vêm sendo estudadas, estão o uso de bioestimulantes. Apesar dos benefícios dos bioestimulantes na qualidade dos frutos, as pesquisas com esses produtos informam o seu efeito quando aplicados em diferentes doses somente no momento da colheita. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes métodos de aplicação pré-colheita de dois bioestimulantes na produção e conservação pós-colheita de frutos de melão amarelo cv. Iracema. Os tratamentos consistiram na combinação de três fatores: dois bioestimulantes (Crop Set® e Spray Dunger®), dois métodos de aplicação (fertirrigação e pulverização) e cinco tempos de armazenamento pós-colheita (0, 14, 21, 28 e 35 days). Os frutos foram avaliados pela produção e pelos atributos físico-químicos: massa média, produtividade, firmeza de polpa, acidez titulável, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis, relação SS/AT, pH, açúcares solúveis totais e perda de massa. A fertirrigação é o método de aplicação indicado para ambos os bioestimulantes pelos seus efeitos positivos na massa média, produtividade, firmeza de polpa, conteúdo de sólidos solúveis e açúcares solúveis totais dos frutos em relação à pulverização
Assessment of genetic diversity in chinese hulless barley accessions for qualitative traits
Get PDFCultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been proven to be an economically important model plant and having large genetic diversity among the species. The effective exploitation of qualitative characters in barley can be measured by its genetic diversity and interrelationship. This study aims to determine the assessment of genetic diversity in Chinese hulless barley accessions for qualitative traits. Presently, in this study, the genetic diversity of 208 Chinese hulless barley from different Provinces of China, 111 genotypes were from the Tibet plateau, 30 Sichuan, 2 USA, 1 Canada, 12 Gansu, 51 Qinghai, 1 Yunnan was investigated; collected. Almost all the qualitative traits including crude protein, fiber, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber exhibited significantly high variability (p≤0.0001) among the cultivars. The data were analyzed using Statistics 8.1. In this study, significantly high variation was observed between starch content and neutral detergent fiber (23.64% and 11.54%). However, the highest diversity is based on the magnitude of the coefficient of variation exhibited in crude protein (13.82%), starch (12.87%), and fiber (12.17%). There was a significantly positive correlation between fiber, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber except for starch content with crude protein and fiber that exhibited a significant negative correlation (r= -0.38*** and r= -0.92***). A large genetic diversity was observed through cluster analysis among all the 208 barley accessions, distance coefficient ranging between 0.28 and 75.86. The histogram revealed that frequency distributions of 208 different genotypes of hulless barley crop with all five different characters, crude protein, fiber, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, showed normal distribution. It is concluded that this hulless barley study showed genetic diversity among the accessions and confirmed genetic diversity in various traits used
English (USA)
No full textLettuce is the most important leafy vegetable in Brazil. Hydroponic lettuce cultivation has grown due to the viability of harvesting throughout the year. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, color, and preference of curly lettuce in the NFT hydroponic system. Six lineages (6601-1A, 6601-2L, 7016-6A, 7119-1B, 7223-1A, and 7224-4A) and two commercial cultivars (Brida and Vanda) of lettuce were used, in a completely randomized blocks design with four replications. Shoot length, root length, stem length, number of leaves, stem diameter, plant diameter, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, chlorophyll content, instrumental color, and sensory characteristics were evaluated. As for agronomic evaluation, the bolting of 6601-2L lettuce was relevant in different attributes. The Vanda lettuce and the lineage 7016-6A presented best performances for shoot fresh mass (399.44 and 378.63 g, respectively), while the lineages 7119-1B and 6601-2L present the worst performance (279.50 and 273.13 g, respectively). There was variation in chlorophyll content and luminosity, however, the evaluators did not notice differences between lettuces for brightness or green color, as well as for crunchy texture. Lettuces 6601-2L, 7224-4A, 6601-1A, Brida, 7223-1A, and 7119-1B were preferred. The variation among plants may be due to different situations, such as harvesting times and bolting, and a direct relationship between agronomic properties and preference among lettuces has not been established yet.A alface é a hortaliça folhosa de maior importância no Brasil. O cultivo hidropônico de alfaces tem tido crescimento pela viabilidade de colheita durante todo o ano. Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas, coloração e preferência de alface crespa no sistema de cultivo hidropônico NFT. Foram utilizadas seis linhagens de alface e dois cultivares comerciais. Avaliaram-se as medidas de comprimento de parte aérea, de raiz e de caule, diâmetro do caule e da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e da raiz, número de folhas, teor de clorofila, coloração instrumental e características sensoriais. Quanto à avaliação agronômica, o pendoamento da alface 6601-2L mostrou-se relevante em diferentes atributos. Para comprimento de raiz as alfaces 7223-1A e 7224-4A (37 e 39 cm) se destacaram positivamente dos demais. A alface Vanda, mesmo apresentando o menor comprimento de raiz apresentou um dos melhores desempenhos para massa fresca de parte aérea. O menor comprimento de caule encontrado foi 6,41 cm (6601-1A). Houve variação quanto ao teor de clorofila e à luminosidade – porém, os avaliadores não perceberam diferenças entre as alfaces para o brilho nem para cor verde, assim como para textura crocante. As alfaces 6601-2L, 7224-4A, 6601-1A, Brida, 7223-1A e 7119-1B foram as preferidas. A variação entre as plantas pode ser devido a diferentes situações, tais como tempo de colheita e pendoamento, não estabelecendo-se ainda uma relação direta entre as propriedades agronômicas e a preferência entre as alfaces