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An efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivar L14
Get PDFThe present work aims to establish an efficient protocol for in vitro regeneration of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivar L14. The study showed that de-embryonated cotyledon was a suitable explant for shoot multiplication on MS medium containing 4 mg/L BAP. The highest number of shoots per explant obtained after 4 weeks of culture was up to 6.8 shoots. Shoots in vitro were able to produce a large number of approximately 11 roots on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA. These results will be very useful in establishing an in vitro regeneration protocol for peanut cultivar L14 during gene transfer in the next studies to improve their disease resistance
Extracts of native forest species of the southern amazon in the control of Aphis craccivora koch (Hemiptera: aphididae)
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate the mortality of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) submitted to different extracts with different concentrations of leaves of the native forest species: Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart (Burseraceae), Metrodorea flavida K. Krause (Rutaceae) and Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) AC Sm (Celastraceae) under laboratory conditions. Adults of Aphis craccivora were collected in Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunthe Walp. (Fabaceae), and separated into groups of ten individuals, transferred to Petri dishes and exposed to topical application of aqueous, alcoholic and leaf infusion extracts of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida and Tetragastris altissima. The extracts were applied at concentrations of: 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15%, with 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), using a control treatment 1 (distilled water + DMSO 1%) and control treatment 2 (fipronil). Evaluations were performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application of the extracts by counting the dead insects. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates, three types of extracts and five concentrations with controls. In all the studied species, the aqueous and infusion extracts presented a lower mortality (less than 52%), whereas the alcoholic extract in higher concentrations of Cheiloclinium cognatum, Metrodorea flavida showed a mortality of up to 100%. The species Tetragastris altissima reached an average mortality of 92%. The lethal concentration for the alcoholic extract of Cheiloclinium cognatum was LC50 6.43% and LC90 12.22%, Metrodorea flavida LC50 was 3.08% and LC90 7.05% and that for Tetragastris altissima LC50 5.58% and LC90 17.47%, after 72 hours. The use of the alcoholic extract of the species Metrodorea flavida at a concentration of 9% in the control of Aphis craccivora is indicated
Electroencephalogram patterns with the presence of an unknown musical stimulus
Get PDFThe cerebral activity presents different behaviors in different situations and levels of consciousness, especially under musical stimulation. Signals of the central nervous system may disclose bioelectrical patterns, since listening to rhythmic sequences activates specific brain areas. In this paper, we analyze 42 neurologically normal Brazilian individuals, submitted to musical stimulation based on a procedure consisting of three different steps, during which the volunteer is kept with closed eyes. The first step is associated with the preliminary control silence period, without any stimulus, as the volunteer remains at rest. The second step consisted of unknown music stimulation. Finally, the third step involves post-music rest. Quantitative signal analysis computes the power spectrum time variations. Results point out stronger changes in gamma and high gamma waves (30 – 100 Hz). Even though the clinical rhythms (0 – 30 Hz) change throughout the whole period of the experiment, quantitative differences at gamma and high gamma bands are remarkably greater. Particularly, when comparing the initial silent period and the final post-stimulation silent one, bioelectrical differences are only highlighted by gamma and high gamma rhythms. In consequence, this paper points out that the EEG analysis of cognitive issues related to musical perception cannot disregard gamma and high gamma waves
Antagonistic activity of bacteria from wild honey against Colletotrichum musae, and testing of wild honey as biopesticide spray to control banana anthracnose
Get PDFAnthracnose is a foliar and fruit disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. affecting a wide range of crops. Infection occurs early followed by quiescence in fruits, such as in banana, where chemical-based pesticides are used as a dependable fungal control for many years. There is an increasing need for a safe control and as implicated in the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010 (RA 10068) in the Philippines. This scenario drove the use of alternative pest control such as the use of biologicals and natural products. In this study, seven bacteria were isolated from wild honey, produced by Apis mellifera, wherein four (BC2, BC3, BC6 and BC7) were found to be an effective antagonist against Colletotrichum musae in in vitro conditions. These bacteria were identified to belong to the genus Lactobacillus spp. (BC2, BC3, BC7) and Bacillus spp. (BC6) based on sugar utilization tests, morphological and cultural growth in PDPA. For the in vivo test, different dilutions of wild honey were used and it was found out that lower concentrations were effective as biopesticide spray to prevent anthracnose infection. Lastly, we report herewith the first isolation of bacteria with biological control potential from wild honey, and to apply the raw or natural product as biopesticide in postharvest fruits.RESUMO: A antracnose é uma doença foliar e frutícola causada por Colletotrichumspp. afetando uma ampla gama de culturas. A infecção ocorre precocemente, seguida de quiescência em frutas e os pesticidas de base química são usados como controle fúngico confiável por muitos anos. Há uma necessidade crescente de um controle seguro e como implicado na Lei de Agricultura Orgânica de 2010 (RA 10068) nas Filipinas. Esse cenário impulsionou o uso de controle alternativo de pragas, como o uso de produtos biológicos e naturais. Neste estudo, sete bactérias foram isoladas de mel silvestre, onde quatro (BC2, BC3, BC6 e BC7) mostraram ser um antagonista efetivo contra Colletotrichum musae em condições in vitro. Essas bactérias foram identificadas como pertencentes ao gênero Lactobacillusspp. (BC2, BC3, BC7) e Bacillusspp. (BC6) com base em testes de utilização de açúcar, crescimento morfológico e cultural em PDPA. Para o teste in vivo, diferentes diluições de mel silvestre foram utilizadas e constatou-se que concentrações mais baixas foram efetivas como pulverização de biopesticidas para prevenir a infecção por antracnose. Este estudo é o primeiro a conduzir isolamento de bactérias antagonistas em mel silvestre e a aplicar o produto natural como biopesticida em frutos pós-colheita
Quality of life and the work capacity of professional nursing staff in the hospital environment
Get PDFThis study aimed to evaluate the association between life quality and the work capacity of nursing professionals in a public hospital of the public health system. A cross-sectional, quantitative study with the participation of 115 nursing professionals. The study method used the WHOQOL-brief questionnaire, the Work Capacity Index questionnaire, and a sociodemographic and occupational questionnaire. The data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, where values of p≤ 0.05 were considered significant. In terms of life quality, the domains that presented higher averages were for psychological 70.0±14.5 and social relations 70.8±19.8, with the physical domain reaching 64.4±11.9 and the environment at 57.7±13.6. The average score from the Work Capacity Index was 40.3±6.1; median: 42; IQR: 37.0-45.0), with a predominance of good and excellent for work capacity. Work capacity was increased for being male (β=3.99; p=0.016) and negatively associated to age (β=-0.31; p<0.001). In conclusion, it is verified that there is a positive correlation between the capacity for work and the evaluation of the quality of life, but it is emphasized that the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics lead the nursing professional to present a work capacity reduction, which generates alterations in the perception of life quality
Faunistic analysis and seasonal fluctuation of ladybeetles in an agro-ecological system installed for organic vegetable production
Get PDFPlans for an agro-ecological system for agricultural production must consider vegetal diversification in agricultural properties because, among other advantages, it can help the biological control of pests when it focuses on such an end. Predator ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) can be found in different environments; they play an important role in biological control. The aims of the present study were to feature ladybeetle populations through faunistic analysis and determine their fluctuations in an agro-ecological system comprising seven sub-systems subjected to different cultivation systems in Seropédica County, RJ. The experiment was conducted from December/2018 to December/2019 at Módulo de Cultivo Orgânico Intensivo de Hortaliças (MCOIH), which is located at Sistema Integrado de Produção Agroecológica (SIPA). In total, 1,231 adult ladybeetles were captured, distributed into 13 species, 3 genera and 2 tribes of Coccinellidae, which resulted in S (taxon richness) = 19, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’) = 0.65 (at 0 to 1 scale) and Margalef diversity index (α) = 2.53 (values lower than 2.0 represent low diversity sites). Equitability was low (E = 0.22), since one of the ladybeetle species has prevailed: Cycloneda sanguinea (most frequent, dominating and constant) in MCOIH, as well as in each of the sub-systems. However, the simplest sub-systems installed for vegetable production (monoculture gardens) were not favorable for ladybeetle diversity, whereas sub-systems installed for polyculture of leafy vegetables recorded the greatest taxa diversity of ladybeetles, including species that predate in aphids that attack vegetables [Coleomegilla maculata, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia convergens and Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva]. The sub-system comprising gliricidia was used to produce fertilization biomass and favored the predominance of C. sanguinea in comparison to the other ladybeetle species in MCOIH. Spring was the season mostly favoring the occurrence of C. sanguinea and H. convergens adults; which were dominant species in ladybeetle assemblage in MCOIH; however, C. sanguinea was constant and H. convergens was accessory
Herbicide performance in the control of Conyza spp. where three plant heights
Get PDFIntensive use of the herbicide glyphosate has led to herbicide resistant Conyza spp. populations. Thus, there is a need to indicate alternative herbicides and the appropriate developmental stage for controlling these populations. This study identifies alternatives for controlling glyphosate-resistant horseweed, with treatment applications at different plant heights. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted in the 2016/17 and 2017/18 crop years. The evaluated treatments were: glyphosate (540 g ae ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ae ha-1), glyphosate (2160 g ae ha-1), glyphosate (3240 g ae ha-1), glyphosate + 2.4-D (1080 + 1005 g ae ha-1), glyphosate + saflufenacil (1080 + 49 g ae/ai ha-1), paraquat (400 g ai ha-1), diquat (400 g ai ha-1), ammonium glufosinate (600 g ai ha-1), and control (without application). These treatments were applied to plants with a maximum of 5 cm; plants between 6 and 15 cm; and plants between 16 and 25 cm. The results showed that glyphosate did not control weeds, regardless of rate. With the exception of 2,4-D, which needs complementation with sequential application of another contact herbicide, all alternatives were viable for the control of Conyza spp. plants with a maximum height of 5 cm.O uso intensivo do herbicida glifosato selecionou populações de Conyza spp. resistentes a este herbicida, desta forma, existe a necessidade da indicação de herbicidas alternativos bem como o estádio de desenvolvimento adequado para o controle dessas populações. Objetivou-se identificar alternativas para o controle de buva resistente ao glifosato, aplicadas em diferentes estaturas da planta daninha. Para isso, foram conduzidos experimentos a campo, nos anos agrícolas 2016/17 e 2017/18. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: glifosato (540 g e.a. ha-1), glifosato (1080 g e.a. ha-1), glifosato (2160 g e.a. ha-1), glifosato (3240 g e.a. ha-1), glifosato + 2,4-D (1080 + 1005 g e.a. ha-1), glifosato + saflufenacil (1080 + 49 g e.a./i.a. ha-1), paraquate (400 g i.a. ha-1), diquate (400 g i.a. ha-1), Glufosinato de amônio (600 g i.a. ha-1) e testemunha sem aplicação, aplicados nas plantas com no máximo 5 cm; plantas entre 6 e 15 cm; e plantas entre 16 e 25 cm. Os resultados evidenciaram que nenhuma dose do glifosato controlou as plantas daninhas, e com exceção do 2,4-D que necessita de complemento com aplicação sequencial de outro herbicida de contato, todas as alternativas apresentaram-se viáveis para o controle de plantas de Conyza spp. com no máximo 5 cm de estatura
Influence of the color of semi-funnel traps on Xylophagous coleoptera capture efficiency in forest fragments
Get PDFBark and ambrosia beetles, mainly the ones belonging to groups Scolytinae, Bostrichidae and Platypodinae, can kill trees from reforestation areas or native forests and damage the wood. Population monitoring and the identification of quarantine species are carried out by assembling ethanol-baited traps. The aims of the current study are to evaluate the influence of the color of ethanol-baited traps on the efficient capture of these insects, as well as to measure changes in colorimetric variables based on trap exposure in the field and to investigate whether these changes affect capture efficiency. Eight ethanolic traps (red, yellow, black and transparent traps - two of each color) were installed in a forest fragment in the first experimental stage – samples were collected on a weekly basis, for 11 months. New and used transparent traps were installed in the field in the second experimental stage - samples were collected for additional 11 months. A portable spectrophotometer was used to measure the colorimetric variables in these traps. The mean number of Scolytinae individuals (± SD) captured in transparent traps (48±50) was significantly higher than that of individuals captured in black (24±25), yellow (23±21) and red (22±21) traps. However, transparent traps subjected to field conditions were colonized by such as fungi, bacteria and mosses, which changed the transparent state of the traps into a darkened color and significantly affected their capture efficiency. The total number of 6,268 Scolytinae individuals were collected at this experimental stage: 4,977 of them were captured in new traps, whereas 1,291 were captured in the old ones. Based on the herein measured colorimetric variables, such color change got significantly intensified as transparent traps remained under field conditions. In conclusion, transparent traps were more efficient in capturing Scolytinae individuals than the black, yellow and red traps. In addition, the exposure to field conditions has progressively changed equipment color and decreased its capture efficiency.Bark and ambrosia beetles, mainly the ones belonging to groups Scolytinae, Bostrichidae and Platypodinae, can kill trees from reforestation areas or native forests and damage the wood. Population monitoring and the identification of quarantine species are carried out by assembling ethanol-baited traps. The aims of the current study are to evaluate the influence of the color of ethanol-baited traps on the efficient capture of these insects, as well as to measure changes in colorimetric variables based on trap exposure in the field and to investigate whether these changes affect capture efficiency. Eight ethanolic traps (red, yellow, black and transparent traps - two of each color) were installed in a forest fragment in the first experimental stage – samples were collected on a weekly basis, for 11 months. New and used transparent traps were installed in the field in the second experimental stage - samples were collected for additional 11 months. A portable spectrophotometer was used to measure the colorimetric variables in these traps. The mean number of Scolytinae individuals (± SD) captured in transparent traps (48±50) was significantly higher than that of individuals captured in black (24±25), yellow (23±21) and red (22±21) traps. However, transparent traps subjected to field conditions were colonized by such as fungi, bacteria and mosses, which changed the transparent state of the traps into a darkened color and significantly affected their capture efficiency. The total number of 6,268 Scolytinae individuals were collected at this experimental stage: 4,977 of them were captured in new traps, whereas 1,291 were captured in the old ones. Based on the herein measured colorimetric variables, such color change got significantly intensified as transparent traps remained under field conditions. In conclusion, transparent traps were more efficient in capturing Scolytinae individuals than the black, yellow and red traps. In addition, the exposure to field conditions has progressively changed equipment color and decreased its capture efficiency
FOTOSSÍNTESE DE Physalis peruviana SOB DIFERENTES DENSIDADES DE FÓTONS E ESTRESSE SALINO
No full textPhysalis peruviana L. is a solanacea that has been gaining prominence due to its fruits presenting good acceptance in the national and international market. However, several abiotic factors, such as salinity, can cause physiological disturbances in plants, and these changes may be of greater or lesser intent according to species. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological behavior of P. peruviana submitted to different fluxes of photosynthetically active photons (PPFD) and saline stress. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three saline levels (ECw) (0.5, 2.75 and 5.00 dS m-1) with four replications. Gas exchange measurements were performed with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Liquid CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were measured. Data were subjected to analysis of variance by F test and in cases of significance applied to regression analysis. The increase in PPFD provided reductions in stomatal conductance up to the density of approximately 400 μmol m-2s-1, being more pronounced in ECw of 2.75 and 5.0 dS m-1. The maximum CO2 assimilation rates in the three salinities are different according to the PPFD. The salinity of irrigation water reduced the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis in P. peruviana plants.A Physalis peruviana L. é uma solanácea que vem ganhando destaque em virtude de seus frutos apresentarem boa aceitação no mercado nacional e internacional. No entanto, fatores abióticos como a salinidade, pode proporcionar desordens fisiológicas, como limitações estomáticas, menor eficiência na absorção lumínica e consequentemente redução da taxa fotossintética. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento fisiológico de P. peruviana submetida a diferentes densidades de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (DFFFA) e estresse salino. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três níveis salinos (CEai) (0,5; 2,75 e 5,00 dS m-1) com quatro repetições. As medidas de trocas gasosas foram efetuadas com um analisador portátil de gás por infravermelho. Foram mensuradas: assimilação líquida de CO2, condutância estomática, concentração interna de CO2, eficiência do uso da água e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F e nos casos de significância aplicou-se a análise de regressão. O aumento da DFFFA proporcionou reduções na condutância estomática até a densidade de aproximadamente 400 µmol m-2 s-1, sendo mais acentuada nas CEa de 2,75 e 5,0 dS m-1. As taxas máximas de assimilação de CO2 nas três salinidades são diferentes em função da DFFFA. A salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu a eficiência quântica da fotossíntese em plantas de P. peruviana
Oral health self-perception for transgender people: a controlled cross-sectional study
Get PDFThis article aims to verify the use of dental services, oral health self-perception, and the impacts of oral health on the daily lives of transgender people. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in which transvestites, transsexuals, and transgender people were compared to cisgender people. For data collection, the oral health self-perception questionnaire was applied to 90 people, from which 45 were cisgender and 45 were transgender. There were no differences regarding access to dental services. The data analysis revealed that transgender people perceive their teeth to cause nervousness (p=0.002) and shame (p=0.033), respectively 3.8 and 5.0 times higher than that observed for cisgender people. Although differences in access were not observed, there was a difference in the perception of the need for treatment and the impacts of oral health. Therefore, it is important to consider that comprehensive care for the transgender population should go beyond the treatment of oral diseases and include aesthetic expectations as well.Objetivo: Verificar a utilização dos serviços odontológicos, a autopercepção sobre a saúde bucal e os impactos na vida diária de pessoas transgênero. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo transversal com travestis, transexuais e transgêneros e os resultados foram comparados com um grupo controle formado por pessoas cisgênero. Foram entrevistadas 90 pessoas, sendo 45 pessoas transgênero e 45 pessoas cisgênero. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças no acesso aos serviços odontológicos. A análise de dados revelou que pessoas transgênero percebem que os dentes causam nervosismo (p=0,002) e vergonha (p=0,033), sendo respectivamente 3,8 e 5,0 vezes maior que o observado para pessoas cisgênero. Conclusões: Foi verificada uma diferença na percepção sobre a necessidade de tratamento e os impactos decorrentes da saúde bucal. Portanto, é importante considerar que o cuidado integral a população de transgêneros deve ir além do tratamento das doenças bucais, incluindo expectativas estéticas