UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF Cd++ AND Pb++ IN SEWAGE EFFLUENT IRRIGATED SOILS
No full textThe city effluent comprises domestic as well as industrial wastes containing cadmium (Cd++ ) and lead ( Pb++ ) metals in appreciable quantities. Five soil profiles from different sites were sampled down at 0-15, 16-30, 31-60, 61-90 and 91-120 cm depth to monitor the accumulation, distribution and activity ofCd++ and Pb++ in both canal and sewage effluent irrigated soils. The DTPA extractable Cd++ in the profile varied from 0.87 to 3.69 and Pb++ from 0.63 to 5.88 mg k g ' , while these values in canal irrigated soils ranged from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/kg for Cd++ and from 1.54 to 2.37 mg /kg 1 for Pb++. The activity based on average data for Cd++ (a = 4x10^-7) in sewage contaminated soils was significantly higher as compared to the canal irrigated soils (a = 4x10^-9), however, the activity coefficient for Pb++ in both soil types was notdifferent( r = 1.OxlO^-2). It was foundthat soilsirrigated with sewage effluent, accumulated highest concentration of Pb++ and Cd++ as compared to the soils receiving canal irrigation. Regression coefficient for Pb++ (byd =-0.040 ) and Cd++ (byd = -0.021 ) showed a decrease in their concentration with the increasing sampling depth
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
No full textPublic sector automobile rebuild organizations have comparatively low productivity as compared to private sector organizations especially in developing countries. Despite gigantic budgetary allotments, public sector rebuild organizations remain non-productive, ineffective and inefficient as they are not exposed to aggressive market competition and profitability. These organizations are administered by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile rebuild organization has been collected. Total and partial productivities of the organization have been measured and analyzed by using Total Productivity Model (TPM). Detailed productivity analysis of the selected organization has been carried out with specific focus on limitations of model when applied to public sector organizations alongside reasons for low productivity. Results indicate that public sector organizations need to focus on cost minimization and resource optimization to enhance productivity and output as compared to private sector organizations which focus on cost minimization and profit maximization
EVALUATION OF MEASURED IRRIGATION DEPTH VS ACTUAL DEPTH UNDER FARMERS EXISTING PRACTICE IN CHAJ DOAB
No full textFive different sites were bench-marked in Chaj Doab to analyze the actual depth of irrigation under Zamindara conditions vs standard irrigation. The discharge Q was measured by using a cut-throat flume and from which the actual depth of irrigation was calculated. Irrigation application efficiency was computed by determining the ratio of irrigation depth required to depth applied. Only at one site almost an exact amount of irrigation 78.59 ± 2.10 mm was applied by the farmers with maximum application efficiency of 96.89 ± 2.42 percent corresponding to wheat yield of 3.23 ton ha-1. It was observed that the farmers have a general trend to wet the highest spot in the field which led them to over irrigation. It was concluded that additional water application than the required depth was of no value to crops as greater yields were obtained with standard irrigations of 76.2 mm
PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
No full textThis paper presents an Optical Character Recognition system for printed/scanned Pashto continuous text. In the proposed work, Pashto text is recognized using Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), consist of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer is composed of 315 neurons, which receive the pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2000 neurons which has been chosen after testing based on optimal result, while the output layer is composed of 6 neurons. As the joinable Pashto characters on different locations in text change its size and shapes, as a result 60 Pashto characters with 110 samples for each Pashto character has been used to train the network
Effect of Porosity on the Mechanical Properties of Die cast Aluminum Engine Block
No full textCasting defects especially porosity in Aluminum alloy engine block plays a major role in determining the mechanical properties. To investigate the approximate content of porosity and to compare their mechanical properties, an experimental study was carried out on the samples taken from thick and thin sections of an Al 384.1 engine block. The section thicknesses of thick and thin sections were 20 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Mechanical testing of these samples was carried out to show the effect of section thickness on ductility and ultimate strength. It was found that thin sections have higher UTS and ductility as compare to thick sections The three-dimensional porosity of the engine block was analyzed through CT scan. Volumetric porosity for thin sections was lesser within the range of 0.0875% to 0.15%, while that for the thick sections it was within the range of 0.24% to 0.35%
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
No full textCooperative communication has gained a lot of interest due to its ability to exploit the spatial diversity or antenna diversity. The implementation of the cooperative relaying systems involves less hardware and lowcomplexity but gives comparable performance and diversity gains to the actual multiple antenna systems. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques used in cooperative relaying protocols. The performanceis evaluated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three node system i.e. source, relay and destination, placed on the edges of equilateral triangle, has been proposed using Maximal ratio Combiner (MRC) method by combining signals from source and relay at destination point. The transmission path is modeled as a frequency non-selective Rayleigh fading in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The results show that at high SNR decode-and-forward performs well, while at low SNR amplify-and-forward works well. A selective relaying scheme called selective detect-and-forward is also simulated which shows better performance than its fixed counterparts for a wide range of SNR
A PARALLEL DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN CODE FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOWS ON UNSTRUCTURED GRIDS
No full textA parallel discontinuous Galerkin code based on a Taylor series basis for the compressible Euler equations on unstructured meshes is presented. The parallel numerical method is capable to efficiently simulate the flow physics of the problems considered, including subsonic and transonic compressible inviscidfluid flows around two well known benchmark airfoils. The parallel discontinuous Galerkin method is presented for distributed memory parallel computing architectures, specifically considered cost effective compute clusters, composed of mass-market-commodity-off-the-shelf (M2COTS) computer hardware components interconnected via Ethernet. The parallelization is based on computational domain partitioning, making use of the well-known graph and mesh partitioning package METIS. Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) message passing parallel programming model has been employed, by making use of the de-facto industry standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) library. Favorable parallelization characteristics of the discontinuous Galerkin scheme have been exploited for hiding the communications behind the computations.The parallel performance of the developed code on an Ethernet based cluster, in terms of speedup is demonstrated
SETTLEMENT PREDICTION VIA CRITICAL STATE MODEL
No full textThe Critical state model is introduced. Its use via finite element method hy using a critical state computer programme CRISP for prediction of ultimate settlement of a test fill on soft clay is demonstrated. The predictions are made at various depths under the fill. Settlements after 13 years are calculated and comparisons between the predicted and measured values are made. The comparisons indicate over estimation of settlement by CRISP
PARAMETER SELECTION FOR SAFE DESIGN UNDER UNCERTAIN CONDITIONS: A TRUSS EXAMPLE
No full textThis paper focuses on the derivation of safe parameters for the design of the bars and joints of a roof truss system. The loading, material and geometrical properties are treated as random quantities with assumed practical probability distributions. The numerical values of the design variables are derived in a manner, which leads to a constant overall safety level of the system under varying inputs. The concept of the most likely failure point of the reliability analysis is employed utilizing the BS 5950’ design requirements for members and joints which are assumed filet-welded. The intent of the work is realized through user friendly computer modules developed in FORTRAN programming language
MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
No full textTIn Augmented Reality applications, registration between a virtual and a real world object is necessary. The registration is needed for tracking video camera pose (position and orientation) with respect to the real world objects. In existing vision-based augmented reality systems, marker-based technique is widely used approach to track the video camera pose. In this paper, we present an analysis of marker-based tracking using ARToolKit. We investigate the effect of marker size, distance between markers and camera, the speed of marker with respect to camera, relationship between marker size and distance, the brightness and contrast level of a camera on tracking a single marker. Experiments were conducted to produce the analysis of these factors