UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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EFFECT OF SLOPE POSITION ON SOIL PROPERTIES AND WHEAT YIELD
No full textSlope position is known to influence some soil properties which have a direct effect on crop yields. The objective of the present piece of research work was to determine the influence of soil slope on some soil properties and yield ofwheat. The study sites selected were at St. John Washington, USA and in Malakand Agency, NWFP, Pakistan. Both of the fields were divided into four parallel transects and sampled intensively at 15 m interval. A uniformity trial was laid out at both the sites and wheat grain yields were measured at the sampling locations. The results showed that the slope position had significant effect on available water (r=-0.43, P<0.01 ), organic matter ( r=-0.62, P<0.01), available P (r= -0.54, P<0.01), nitrate-N ( r= -0.25, P<0.01 ), and ammonium N ( r= 0.31, P<0.01), and grain yield ( r= -0.49,P<0.11 ) at U.S.A. site. This indicates that there was a strong and significant negative relationship between relative elevation and soil properties and wheat yields except NH4-N. At the Pakistan site slope position affected lime content (r= 0.49, P<0.01 ), extractible K (r= 0.44, P<0.01), silt (r=0.62, P<0.01) and sand content ( r= -0.62, P<0.01 ) significantly
HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION AND SOIL DEPTH RELATIONS IN SOME CONTAMINATED SOIL PROFILES
No full textSome soil profiles upto depth of 150 cm were sampled for DTPA extractable copper (Cu2+), cadmium ( Cd2+) and lead ( Pb2+ ) from the soils undergoing contamination by the city sewage effluents and industrial waste waters for about5 to 16 years. Comparison with uncontaminated soil profiles showed a significant accumulation of Cu2+, Cd+ and Pb2+ in the contaminated soils.Their distribution along the soil profiles depth ranged from 0.91 to4.83 for Cu2+,0.52 to 1.63 for Cd2+ and 1.14 to 3.85 mg/kg for Pb2+. In contrast,the concentration ofCu2+, CcP+ and Pb2+ in the contaminated soils profiles along depths ranged from 0.56 to 1.51, 0.12 to 0.15, 1.06 to 2.61 mg/kg, respectively. Debye Huckle complex [-log r = 2 ( U)^0.5/l +1.5 (U )^0.5] indicated the corresponding activity (a=rm) of Cu2+ Cd2+ and Pb2+ as 2.35 x 10^4, 5.19 x10^5 and 6.1 x10^5 while these values in the uncontaminated soil profiles were 7.6 x10^5, 8.1 xl0^6 and 5.25 xl0^5. Regression derivatives (dC/dD) for Cu2+ (-0.505), Cd2+ (-0.11 ) and Pb2+ (-0.09) in contaminated soils indicated a decrease in their concentration ( umol/Kg ) with a unit increase in soil depth
URBAN NETWORK-LEVEL TRAFFIC FLOW VARIABLES AND RELATIONS
No full textSimultaneous ground measurements of traffic variables including speed, concentration, and flow over the AutoRestricted Zone ( ARZ ) of Tehran have been employed to examine the relations among network-wide averages of such variables. The two-fluid model, a curvilinear relation between the trip time and stop time per unit distance has been calibrated to characterize the quality of traffic service in the ARZ. In addition, relations between the fraction of vehicles stopped and the average concentration as well as between the averages of speed and concentrationare derived describe interrupted traffic flow conditions in the ARZ. These relationships allowed the definition and determination of the capacity and levels of service at the network level
AN EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
No full textAccident investigation is one of the most important and basic principles of an accident prevention programme. Reasons and effective approach for accident investigation are discussed. It is suggested to concentrate on human factor as a fundamental approach for an investigation process.
 
FAILURE STUDY OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS IN PAKISTAN: PART III. ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMER OIL IN AEB, PESHAWAR
No full textThe dielectric strength of an insulating oil is a measure of its ability to withstand electrical stress without failure. The oil deterioration may occurdue to prolonged overloading of transformerand/ordue to the presence of moisture and contaminants. Investigationon transformeroil samplesunder variousvariables such astransformermake,its rating and sub-regions/circles where installed, are made in the Area Electricity Board (AEB), Peshawar to present the actual prevailing oil conditions of distribution transformers. Through these measurements and subsequent analysis, faulty transformers and regions have been detected to allow the concerned AEB to take timely action to avoid oil-associated failures of distribution transformers
EXPANSION THEOREM II
No full textIn this paper solution involving associated Legendre function of the first kind of F-equation d/dxF( x, α ) = F( x ,α + 1) where x is the variable and α is the constant parameter have been obtained. Also generating expansion of such function have been obtained by applying Taylor’s theorem
SEDIMENT YIELD PREDICTION IN THE INDUS RIVER BASIN
No full textA relationship between mean yearly suspended sediment load and catchment areas was studied for twenty five catchments in Indus basin tributaries. Regression analysis were carried out and the results achieved were compared with Fleming’s model. Further analysis were done for the effectiveness of two vegetational covers i.e. coniferous tall grasses and short grasses for minimizing sediment load. The result were compared with Fleming’s findings. For comparison of two vegetative covers eleven catchments were selected for coniferous tall grasses and four for short grasses covers.
It has been concludedfrom the comparative statements of sediment yield thatcatchmentareas having coniferous tall grasses covers contribute less suspended sediment load to rivers than those having short grasses covers
OPTIMIZATION OF LATERAL SURFACE OF RESERVOIRS
No full textThis paper discusses the dimensions of reservoirs such that the lateral surface is minimum fora known volume V. After an introduction of the problem, the minimization for different geometrical cases is studied. It is then proved thatthe lateral surface of an ellipsoid with a given volume is minimised when it is transformed to a sphere. We apply the calculus of variation to prove that the greatest volume which we can obtain by revolution of a fixed length curve is asphere.The minimization of the whole lateral surface witha constant volume resultsina differential equation which has the form yQ = f( y). We cannot solve this equation in general case; but for some particular boundary values, we obtaina solution which is also a sphere. Finally, we conclude that among the geometrical cases, it is the sphere for which we find the greatest rapports V/S , where S is the minimum lateral surface, and V the volume
TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF EMPTY BED CONTACT TIME (EBCT) ON THE BIOREGENERATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON
No full textMicro-organisms play an important role in the regeneration activated carbon. Biological regeneration is one of several methods that may be used to restore the adsorptive capacity of exhausted granularactivated carbon (GAC).Thisstudy deals with in-situ biological regeneration on a pilot scale.The principal objective of this research was to ascertainwhether biological regeneration of GAC could occur under conditions typical of water treatment. The important parameters which may have the greatest impact on bioregeneration for a given adsorbate were studied. The research investigated the extent of bioregeneration for para-nitrophenol ( PNP) of concentration 50 mg/l. and for empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 10 min. Bioregeneration in the total exhaustion system was evaluated in terms of regeneration efficiency and the substrate removal. A three mode procedure was followed for each bioregeneration run. The prepared carbon wasinitially exhausted with an adsorbate;it wasthen bioregenerated witha mixed culture of bacteria,and lastly the carbon was resaturated. In the totally exhausted GAC system, the bioregeneration was enhanced by increasing theduration of regeneration for a fixed initial biomass content of the bioreactor. Bacterial counts in the effluents of regenerated GAC columns were significantly more than those of fresh carbon effluents. In the totally exhausted GACsystem, bioregeneration efficiency was found to be the function of EBCT
AN OPTIMIZED DESIGN OF TRANSFORMER
No full textA unique approach based on effective utilization of standard computer spread sheet and a high level programming language has been developed for the design of minimum weight three phase distribution transformer.This integrated approach has been successfully used to optimize the weight of standard conventional transformer without compromising on such parameters as percent efficiency, percent impedance and percent regulation of the transformers which have been kept within permissible limits. The approach has been verified by running a number of test cases for the design of minimum weight three phase distribution transformers of different capacities. The results indicate that this approach is reasonably accurate and can be used as a tool for designing minimum weight three phase distribution transformers