UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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AN OPTIMAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION
No full textBreast carcinoma is one of the most signifcant health diseases in the world. Early identifcation of breast carcinoma could be benefcial for in time treatment of the disease. This study presents an efcient classifcation method for benign and malignant breast cancer. The proposed method employs an optimal feature classifcation employing artifcial neural network. The proposed architecture has fve input nodes, two hidden layers with eight neurons each and one output node. Five features (cluster thickness, uniformity of {cell size, cell shape}, marginal attachment and radius of circle enclosing the abnormality) are nominated as input features to the ANN to predict the benign or malignant breast carcinoma. The network is trained, tested and validated on data bases that comprises of a set of previously extracted features provided by Wisconsin and Essex Universities. For the established neural networks comparative analysis is performed to study the optimum parameters required for prime mass classifcation. The execution of suggested methodology is estimated using ROC curve. The accuracy rate of developed method is 93.1% or 0.93 with sensitivity of 0.99 and specifcity of 0.83 according to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC)
VARIATION IN CITATION BASED FRACTIONAL COUNTING OF AUTHORSHIP
No full textExisting indexing methods do not consider the variation among number of citations received by publications of authors. In this paper, we propose variation in citation based fractional Vf -index which not only consider the number of authors but also the variation factor in the number of citations. Vf -Index considers the consistency in received citations of publication in addition to their quality and quantity for indexing. We have used Co-efcient of quartile deviation for calculation of variation in received citations because it is sensitive for both skewed and un-skewed data. We have used real world data for validation purpose and have used fractional h- and g-index as our baseline indexing methods. We compared the results of our proposed method with baseline methods and have analyzed that our intuition has clear impact on the authors indexing. Author on higher index in fractional index gets impacted by Vf-index and its rank changes accordingly. Baseline methods do not considers variation factor and it is possible that authors with inconsistent citations receive high index value but if we use variation factor then our results will be more consistent. More the Co-efcient of quartile deviation lower the consistency and thus lower indexing
DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT EXECUTION COMPLEXITY INDEX
No full textGrowing complexity is one of the main reasons behind failure of many projects. Project management academicians have conceived a few complexity characterization models but a comprehensive complexity measurement model encompassing factors of important project constraints i.e. scope, time and cost is still missing. In this research, a model has been developed to compute PECI (Project Execution Complexity Index) for various categories of projects considering varying levels of complexity, i.e. PECI(R) for R&D/Technology projects, PECI(I) for Infrastructure development projects and PECI(O) for Other projects. A complexity scale starting from 0 = least complex to 10=highly complex has also been proposed in order to rank and compare the projects. This ranking will help the decision makers to decide which projects to include in their portfolio and which projects to give priority while assigning resources more efciently. Moreover, project managers will be able to manage their projects better, by frst comparing them in order of complexity, followed by tweaking the factors which contribute towards enhancing their complexities
CLOSE AND OPEN CYCLE ADSORPTION KINETICS: DEVELOPMENT OF CORRELATION FOR DESICCANT AIR-CONDITIONING
No full textAdsorption kinetics by desiccant-water pairs always play curial role in the development of low-cost thermally driven desiccant air-conditioning systems. It also influences various operating parameters of desiccant air-conditioning systems e.g. switching/cycle time, desiccant/system size, and regeneration temperature etc. Usually it is difficult to measure open-cycle adsorption kinetics precisely in adsorption heat pump systems. Therefore, present study provides an experimental comparison of close and open cycle based water vapor adsorption kinetics for the development of desiccant air-conditioning system. In this regard, a polymer based hydrophilic sorbent was used for close and open cycle adsorption measurements. Gravimetric method based magnetic suspension adsorption measurement unit was used for close-cycle adsorption kinetics measurements. However, the open-cycle adsorption kinetics was determined from the instantaneous measurement of air relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature in and out to the desiccant block while assuming the equilibrium between air and desiccant sides. Both experimental results were analyzed using linear driving force (LDF) model which presents the best regression of the experimental data. Furthermore, an empirical correlation of close to open cycle water vapor adsorption kinetics was established. Results revealed that the open-cycle kinetics of water vapor adsorption was 0.65 times slower (on average) than the close-cycle, which was more likely due to the complex mechanism of adsorption kinetics in open system. This study can be useful to determine the open-cycle adsorption kinetics from the close system data for designing the desiccant air-conditioning system
EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
No full textThe performance of steep slope (θ > 30o) orifce spillway aerators by varying air vent size and ramp angles were experimentally studied. Three air vents of different sizes and fve ramps with different angles were tested on a physical model of Bunji dam spillway, which was constructed at Irrigation Research Station Nandipur, Gujranwala. In each case, the cavity length, cavity pressure, flow velocity and water depth at the aerator were measured by changing operating conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efcient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn) were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp initially improved the performance of the aerator but at higher reservoir level with large gate opening, no signifcant improvement in the performance of the aerator was noted, rather negative impact was observed due to reduction in cavity pressure
PROJECTION ETCHING OF KERATIN THIN FILMS FOR FABRICATION OF SKIN STRUCTURE USING ARF EXCIMER LASER
No full textIn this study the ablation efciency and the phenomenology of the etched keratin patterns have been investigated and the surface modifcation was analysed. For effective studies of skin treatments, large areas of model skin need to be generated. Therefore an ArF excimer Laser wavelength (193nm) with the ability to pattern square mm areas per pulse was used even though the maximum repetition rates are typically an order of magnitude slower. Keratin samples with different flm thicknesses were ablated with different pulses. The depth of the ablated keratin layers with different pulses were also measured by scanning the sample using a Dektak KLA-Tencor and the surface statistics of the ablated keratin sample have been analysed using a white light interferometer WYKO NT1100
INVESTIGATION OF USING PAPER INDUSTRY WASTE (HYPO SLUDGE) IN CONCRETE MIX
No full textCement industry is one of the major producers of carbon dioxide gas (a greenhouse gas) and ordinary concrete contains about 12% cement. The world’s annual production of cement is 1.6 billion tons which accounts for about 7% emission of carbon dioxide gas in atmosphere. Concrete industry is consuming large amount of natural resources (gravel, sand, fne rock, water etc). In order to address such environmental issues related to cement manufacturing there is dire need of replacing cement with other binders to be used in concrete.
This study investigates the utilization of waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) in concrete. WPSA was partly replaced in the ratios of 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent of cement. Specimens were tested for initial setting time, fnal setting time, mechanical strengths (i.e. compressive and tensile strength) and dry density, and results are compared with ordinary concrete (without WPSA).The results showed that WPSA can be replaced up to 15% by weight of cement. Also the initial and fnal setting time of cement are gradually reduced by increasing the percentage of WPSA. The addition of WPSA results in a lighter concrete
EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT IN THE PUNJAB TANNERY SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF DADA TANNERY
No full textTanning industry of Pakistan contributes significantly towards foreign exchange earnings of the country. Growing concern of international buyers on environmental compliance, during tanning process, has forced this sector to install wastewater treatment plants to address the issue. This study aims to evaluate the performance of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of a local tanning industry. Raw wastewater showed high concentration of organic matter and Chromium. Phosphorous concentration was found deficient for satisfactory biological treatment. WWTP showed overall removal efficiency of 88.81, 84.54 and 62.31% for total suspended solids (TSS), five day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. Whereas, the mean effluent concentrations of TSS, BOD and COD were 216 mg/L, 199 mg/L and 1023 mg/L, respectively. The effluent from WWTP exceeded the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for TSS, BOD and COD. It was due to the low concentration of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) in aeration tank and low Phosphorous concentration in wastewater. NEQS limits for BOD and COD could be met by adding Phosphorous and increasing the MLSS in aeration tan
COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
No full textBridges are the most costly components of a road transportation network. Pre-stressed concrete girders with cast in place concrete decks are widely used for short to medium span bridges. The design and subsequent cost of a bridge depends on key geometric variables such as bridge width, number of lanes, number and length of spans, slab thickness, number and spacing of girders. Some of these variables are dictated by trafc demands and highway geometry, while others are related to structural demands. Typically, designing a bridge usually involves experience and expert judgement of the bridge engineer. This study is aimed at cost and performance optimization of pre-stressed concrete girder bridges using a parametric study of the design variables and their effects on cost and performance of the bridge. A spreadsheet is developed for analysis and design of deck slab and girders using one dimensional beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet is then used to perform a parametric study by iterating through all design parameters. It is shown that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the cost and performance of bridge superstructure are not necessarily competing factors. Relationships for slab thickness and girder spacing are presented that result in optimal performance and cost of the bridge superstructure
IMPLEMENTATION OF TAST CODES IN DS-CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
No full textThe fundamental principle of threaded algebraic space-time (TAST) block code and DS-CDMA are retrospectedand their integrationare studied and analyzed. Simulation results show that a substantial improvement in bit error rate (BER)can be achieved in CDMA networks by integratingTAST codes in it