UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT DESIGNED FOR INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
No full textThe present study was conducted to assess the performance of the treatment plant installed on the main effluent drain of Hayatabad Industrial Estate (HIE) for reducing pollution load. The objective of the study was to know about the pollution removal efficiency and suggest changes in the existent treatment plant, if required. For this purpose, samples were taken from the effluent, before and after it went through the treatment plant. It was found that the treatment was not sufficient to remove various physical and chemical parameters including Suspended solids (SS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Sulfide (S) in order to comply with Pakistan National Environmental Quality Standards (Pak-NEQS).The collected samples were then treated in the laboratory in order to identify and suggest suitable coagulant. For this purpose three different treatments .i.e. Lime, Alum and Alum+Lime were applied. The optimum doses identified were 25, 35 and 26:13 ml respectively. The settling time was 25, 35 and 20 minutes respectively for lime, alum and alum+lime. The results revealed that the combine treatment (Alum + Lime) effectively removed suspended load up to 90%, along with 82% BOD, and 80% COD respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the installed small scale treatment plant is not enough in its present form and needs to be upgraded by adding a coagulation step
ENERGY PRODUCTION FROM AGRICULTURAL SOURCES AND ORGANIC WASTES
No full textIn the present world of increasingly energy dependent, there is a vast scope of markets in the future, for devices to utilize a wide range of agricultural sources and organic wastes. The large amount of agricultural wastes available, annually could supply a significant part of the demand for low sulphur residual oil by utilizing conversion process based on high pressure carbon monoxide and water.The agricultural sector also may be expected to supply, via biomass conversion a significant share of future energy supplies. Biomass represent one very small aspect of the total amount of energy research being undertaken to-day. However there are particular advantages to using biomass as a fuel source. It is renewable resource that is replenished by free solar energy.The renewable resources can provide energy indefinitely with proper application of science, technology and management. Most of them are nonpolluting, aid in maintaining ecological balance and enhance natural beauty. Hope of the happier world lies in their development.In the present world of increasingly energy dependent, there is a vast scope of markets in the future, for devices to utilize a wide range of agricultural sources and organic wastes. The large amount of agricultural wastes available, annually could supply a significant part of the demand for low sulphur residual oil by utilizing conversion process based on high pressure carbon monoxide and water.The agricultural sector also may be expected to supply, via biomass conversion a significant share of future energy supplies. Biomass represent one very small aspect of the total amount of energy research being undertaken to-day. However there are particular advantages to using biomass as a fuel source. It is renewable resource that is replenished by free solar energy.The renewable resources can provide energy indefinitely with proper application of science, technology and management. Most of them are nonpolluting, aid in maintaining ecological balance and enhance natural beauty. Hope of the happier world lies in their development
IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
No full textThis paper presents the details of In-place analysis of fxed jacket Platform BD. The numerical model is prepared using ANSYS ASAS structural analysis computer system. Beam stick model has been used, with multi-level sub-structuring technique, to model the whole structure. Appropriate dead load, live loads and quasi-static action of 100 yr storm have been applied to the structure. The structure-pile interaction analysis has been performed using SPLINTER, a component of the ANSYS ASAS program suite. The platform is subjected to design action, i.e combination of permanent and variable actions, and the basic Integrity checks including member strength, stability and hydrostatic collapse have been performed
IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
No full textDynamic routing is one of the major areas in computer networks, in which routing protocols are used to automate the process of routing. Routing protocols dynamically determine best path(s) to every network. Routingprotocols are classifed as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are examples of distance vector while Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) are link-state routing protocols. Both RIP and IGRP are using different metrics to evaluate best route to a destination in the network. RIP uses a simple metric value ofhop-count while IGRP uses a composite metric. A composite metric consists of several attributes like bandwidth, delay, reliability, Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) and load. Usually it is considered that because of the simplemetric value, RIP produces better results for any application in simple network architectures. This paper studies the performance of RIP and IGRP in simple networks of different sizes, using email application as evaluation entity. The objective is to fnd that where, in simple network architectures, RIP with its simple metric will produce better email services or IGRP will win the race with the help of its composite metric. This study also investigates the effect of scalability on both of the routing protocols when the size of the network grows. The behavioural study of RIP and IGRP for email, in different sizes of networks, will also help in evaluating the behaviour of simple and composite metrics. Simulations and experiments results indicate that IGRP produces better results for email services as the size of the network becomes more scalable and the number of hops between source and destination increases, even if simple network architecture is followed. The results also indicate that IGRP consumes relatively less CPU pulses of email server
RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
No full textThis paper describes the implementation of reliable group communication in Java. The underlying delivery mechanism for multicast is presently based on User Datagram Protocol (UDP) that provides a “best effort” delivery service. Best effort implies that IP packets are treated with essentially equal weight, and while IP makes an effort to deliver all packets to their destination, packets may occasionally be delayed, lost, duplicated, or delivered out of order. One of multicast’s weaknesses is its lack of reliability due to its use of UDP for data transmission. Reliable transmission means that there should be no packet loss, no disorderingand no duplication of packets at the receiver side. The focus of this paper is to implement Reliable Multicast using Java, which is mainly used for one-to-many connections. This work focuses on reliable multicast in a local area network (LAN) environment. The reliability has been introduced at application layer and isreceiver’s initiated, NACK (negative acknowledgement) based
IMPORTANCE OF HU1V1AN FACTORS IN MANAGING SAFETY AT WORKPLACES
No full textMany safety professionals now believe that human error is the main cause of accidents and injuries at workplaces. For the last few decades, in the developed world considerable research has been carried out to ensure a safe work environment. Despite sophistication in equipment design, guards on machines and a number of other control measures, the risk of accidents has not been entirely eliminated, and therefore, control of human error has now become the focus of research to achieve the target of optimum safety.
The developing countries, when compared with the developed countries, are far behind in terms of safety standards at workplaces. A case study, undertaken in the underground coal mining industry of Pakistan showed thathuman failure was responsible for a considerable number of fatal and serious accidents during of the last few years.Besides operator-induced errors, a number of latent failures associated with management inadequacies were reported.
The most important of these include: lack of proper job skills; improper design; inadequate maintenance; inadequate provisions of self protective equipment and violations of safety rules, regulations and procedures. The developing countries, benefitingfromthe experience of the developed countries, should give equal emphasis to human factors as a basic control strategy for accident prevention and loss control
STIMULATION OF PROTECTED INDUSTRIES BY IMPORT SUBSTITUTION INDUSTRIALIZATION (ISI)
No full textimport Substitution Industrialization( ISI ) stimulatesthe import sectorduring the “ easy phase” successfully but fails to bear fruit in producing technically advance capital products. The proposition is tested with statistical evidence from Brazil
EVALUATION OF THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE BS 449 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PLATE GIRDERS
No full textThis paper reports on the evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of the design for plate girders in accordance with the BS 449' when uncertainties are quantified. Bending and shear conditions under uniformity distributed loading ( udl ) are investigated. The concept of value analysis and the first order reliability integration technique are employed to highlight the design aspects which are of immense consequences. A symmetrical I-section is used as a case study. The results indicative trends of limitations on the choice of numerical values for the design variables that will attract minima potential losses. The effects of ''gross error ” in the selection of the design values for some key variables on the costeffectiveness of the design equation are also discussed
BIOLOGICAL REGENERATION OF PARA-NITROPHENOL LOADED ACTIVATED CARBON
No full textBiological regeneration is one of several methods that may be used to restore the adsorptive capacity of exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC). This study deals with in-situ biological regeneration on a pilot scale.The principal objective of this research was to ascertain whether biological regeneration of GAC could occur under conditions typical of water treatment. The important parameters which may have the greatest impact on bioregenerationfor a given adsorbate were studied. The research investigated the extent of bioregeneration for para-nitrophenol ( PNP )of concentration 50 mg/l. Bioregeneration in the total exhaustion system was evaluated in terms of regeneration efficiency and the substrate removal. A three mode procedure was followed for each bioregeneration run. The prepared carbon was initially exhausted with an adsorbate; it was then bioregenerated with a mixed culture of bacteria, and lastly the carbon was resaturated. In the totally exhausted GAC system, the bioregeneration was enhanced by increasing the duration of regeneration for a fixed initial biomass content of the bioreactor.The bioregeneration efficiency of the totally exhausted ( with PNP ) GAC the empty bed contact time ( EBCT ) and the initial concentration of the substrate had a profound effect on the bioregeneration efficiency. Bacterial counts in the effluents of regenerated GAC columns were significantly more than those of fresh carbon effluents
BER Analysis for two-hop Co-operative Non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) relaying scheme
No full textNon-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is the remarkable multiple access technique to achieve the desirable system capacity. In order to upgrade the spectral efficiency of cell-edge users, cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) is engaged in a system, where downlink signal is transmitted after performing superposition coding (SC). In order to see the BER performance, we derive the expressions for error probability. The proposed scheme can provide a reasonable increase in transmission rate of a cell-edge user without degrading the rates of near users. A sumptuous deal with recent attention has been devoted to analyze the CNOMA system. Until now, the exact bit error rate (BER) expressions for proposed downlink CNOMA relaying systems have not been reported yet. In this article, we provide the exact closed-form BER expressions for binary signaling schemes for downlink CNOMA system over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Finally, the derived BER expressions are verified through Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed scenario increases the BER, however it accommodates multiple users on a single carrier