UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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Fault-management on System’s level in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” Environments
No full textThis paper is in continuation to our previous work “Improving flexibility and fault-management in CAN-based “Shared-Clock” architectures”, published in the Journal of Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level. In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level
Groundwater Recharge Quantification from Rainfall in Peshawar District-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
No full textWater is an unlimited and exquisite gift which has been given by nature. However, its increasing demand and current pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the runoff produced from rainfall events. As per the data provided by Pakistan Metrological Department, Peshawar, average annual rainfall in district Peshawar during 2002-2011 was 486.1 mm. The weighted curve number (CN) was found to be 82.0. Mean annual runoff produced was estimated to be 217.0 mm where as mean annual recharge to the groundwater was calculated and found to be 269.1 mm. Different water conservation techniques are recommended to increase water recharge in the study area.  
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OF AN EGG SHAPED HATCHBACK
No full textThis paper describes a project focused on designing a low-drag car (hatchback ), using the hen's egg a the basic shape. Using previous data’, an initial estimate of coefficient of drag. CD for a car with features that of an egg was found to be 0.26. Wind tunnel experimentation has been used to determine the values of CD for various modifications of the egg shape using 1/26-scale models. Tests were conducted over the Reynolds number ( Re - pVl/µ ) ranging from 20,000 to 400,000. The values of CD for various modifications of egg shape exhibit considerable dependence on Re. For a chopped and rounded egg shape with wheels, the value of CD was found to be 0.23 at the highest achievable value of Re = 400,000
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC FLAPE GATE FOR CONTROLLING EXCESS WATER AT THE HEAD OF IRRIGATION SOURCE.
No full textThe purpose of this study was to control undesirable discharge on the downstream of irrigation inlet during floods in the river/streams. To study this an automatic flape gate was designed and tested at Malakandhare farm of N-W.F.P University of Agricultural, Pakistan.The gate was made of mild steal. The experiments were conducted by storing and releasing upstream water. The downstream discharge was measured by cut throat flume. The upstream movement of Flape Gate was checked at 23° with horizontal water surface and sustained by 1701 grams weight with the surface area of gate as 529 cm3 and gate mass of 1.41 Kg.The increase in hydraulic pressure pushes the gate downwards. The gate then collapse with prefixed frame below which the desirable discharge was allowed to flow from the inlet. When flood recedes, manually the gate was brought back to its original position. The flap gate could be kept at 23° inclination by a sustaining mass of 1701 gms.The desirable discharge of 22 liter per second can be obtained when the upstream head varied from 23 cm to 49 cm, then the adjusted gate opening varied from 23 cm to 25 cm. The gate skeletons was simple and economical. Therefore, keeping in view the operational easiness and enormous economic benefits Flap Gate is recommended for adoption in the country
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AS A PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY
No full textThis paper reports the production improvement strategy for the fast moving consumer goods industry (FMCG’s). It suggests that the machine breakdowns and other related problems within the plant are due to lack of preventive maintenance in the machine shop resulting in very poor production performance of the plant
REVIEW OF EXISTING LANDFILL LEACHATE PRODUCTION MODELS
No full textThe protection of water resources is a fundamental consideration in managing landfill operations. Landfill sites should be designed and operated so as to control leachate production and hence minimize the risk of surface, and ground water pollution. A further important development is the use of computer models to estimate the production of leachate from landfill sites. It is revealed from the literature that a number of landfill leachate management models have been developed in recent years. These models allow different engineering schemes to be evaluate and are essential tools for design and operational management of modern landfills. This paper describes a review of such models mainly focused on their theory, practicability, data requirements, suitability to real situation and usefulness. An evaluation of these models identifies a number of deficiencies and limitation
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FUEL INJECTION PARAMETERS ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS
No full textThe climate changes and increase in global temperature are the key factors that have mainly amplified the explorationstudies of changing fuel injection and other constraints of compression ignition (CI) engines for the abatementof exhaust emissions. In current study, a direct injection (DI), CI engine was run on a test bench for the performanceand emission analyses using different nozzles and injection timings. During the experiments, two types of nozzlesknown as sac and valve covered orifice (VCO) were used with hemispherical cavity and toroidal cavity pistons,respectively. Besides an already existing set of sac type nozzles, six distinct combinations of nozzles with varyingcone angles and tip penetration (protrusion) lengths (designated as 135° × 3.5 mm, 140° × 3.5 mm, 145° × 3.5 mm,150° × 3.5 mm, 150° × 2.5 mm, and 150° × 1.5 mm) were used at three different injection timings comprising 16°before top dead center (BTDC), 13°BTDC and 10°BTDC. Experimental results reveal that VCO nozzles in toroidalcombustion chamber (CC) are better than sac nozzles with hemispherical CC, and that wider cone angle nozzlesat 10° BTDC give the optimum results in terms of emissions and performance, relative to those of narrower coneangles. The 150° nozzles with 1.5 mm tip penetration give abated carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) andsmoke emissions along with better performance characteristics such as brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) andbrake power (BP), while exhibit slightly higher oxides of nitrogen (NOx) relative to other combinations. Moreover,the same combination also proves to be effective on emission control at 8 mode steady-state cycle
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION/ FLOCCULATION PROCESSES VIA OPTIMIZATION OF INOCULATION DOSE AND SETTLING TIME
No full textThis study was conducted on municipal wastewater with an attempt to identify proper treatment measures. Thedrain under study was observed for three months. In total 45 samples were collected from five different sites at therate of three samples per day (Morning, Afternoon and Evening). Each sample was a composite of three grab samplescollected with four hours intervals. All Samples were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. On comparisonwith Pak NEQS it was observed that the municipal wastewater physicochemical quality was above the permissiblelimits. A series of coagulation/flocculation treatments were given by applying different doses of ferric chloride incombination of calcium hydroxide. Effective removals of pollutants were obtained by using ferric chloride and calciumhydroxide in ratio of 2:0.5 mL for settling time of 13 minutes. As treatment results, not only removed suspendedsolids (86%) but a tremendous decrease was observed in color, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity by96%, 66% and 89%, respectively
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP WATER REQUIREMENT UNDER MULTI - REPRESENTATIVE CONCENTRATION PATHWAYS DURING MID-CENTURY: A CASE STUDY OF D. I. KHAN
No full textClimate change is a major problem which directly affects agricultural economy of a region as the crop waterrequirements of major crops is increased. This study was conducted to estimate evapotranspiration (ETo) and cropwater requirements (CWR) of wheat and maize crops of the study area during mid (2040-2059) century under emissionscenarios based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). The methodology employed here involvesthe comparison of temperature and precipitation data projected by different GCM with the observed data. The deltachange and ratio method was used to obtain the corrected value of temperature and Precipitation (PPT) for thefuture. The ETo calculator of Food and Agriculture Organization was used to calculate evapotranspiration. The CWRof wheat and maize crops was computed using CROPWAT 8.0. Results showed that out of sixteen GCMs, only fourmodels i.e., bcc_csm1_1_m, gfdl_cm3, miroc5 and noresm1_m, were considered suitable for simulating the presentday climate for the study area. The Ensemble average of these four selected models showed an increase in meantemperature of 2.07 oC and 2.47 oC, and an increase in PPT of 8% and 10% under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively.Similarly, ETo showed an increase of 17% and 21% under both scenarios. Ensemble seasonal CWR of wheat cropunder RCP 4.5 is projected to be increased by 10%, while under RCP 8.5 it increased by 8%. The CWR of maizecrop is projected to increase by 10% and 15% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively
IDENTIFICATION OF SITES FOR ESTABLISHING PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR FARMS IN PAKISTAN USING SOLAR GEOMETRY
No full textUtility scale Solar farms generally consist of multiple arrays of Photovoltaic (PV) Panels which collect and convert solar energy into electrical energy. Pakistan is facing a serious energy crisis. It is working on solar energy options. Therefore, it is imperative to identify most viable sites that have a high solar radiation. We utilized solar geometry and the Google Earth, a geographical information program to identify optimal sites for Pakistan. These sites should also include basic requirements for a PV plant such as availability of local grid, barren land, roads, water, and good climatic conditions. The Average solar intensity (I) was calculated by using solar geometry on a daily basis, which served as the basis for annual projections. It has been found that the best location for building a solar farm is district QilaSaifullah (I = 9.79 kWh/m2/day) in Baluchistan province. In the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, district Nowshera (I= 8.06 kWh/m2/day), in Sindh province, district Sukkur (I = 7.9 kWh/m2/day) and in Punjab, district Bahawalpur (I= 8.17 kWh/m2/day) have been found most suitable. This study shows that Pakistan has a good potential to install solar parks in all the provinces and provides a potential solution to address the energy crisis in Pakistan