UET Peshawar Publications Site (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar)
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GRADIENT ASCENT INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS ALGORITHM FOR TELECOMMUNICATION SIGNALS
No full textIndependent Component Analysis (ICA) algorithm is normallused for un-mixing and feature extraction of the fixedinput block lengths. In case of varying block lengths re-adjustment of the maximum number of iterations and thestep size parameter is required. In this paper, we introduced an Adaptive Step size Gradient Ascent ICA (AS-GAICA)technique for varying block length that can also controls the maximum number of iterations adaptively. The performanceof the proposed technique is compared with Fast-ICA and Optimum Block Adaptation ICA (OBAICA) fortelecommunication signals. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the Fast-ICA and OBAICAalgorithms
STUDY OF POLLUTION LAOD IN PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS AND ITS RECYCLING BY SUNDRY PLANTS AT HAYATABAD INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, PESHAWAR
No full textThis study was initiated to explore the concept of recycling of paper mill efuents at Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar. The objective was to reduce pollution load of paper mill efuents via recycling of sundry plants. For this purpose a detail study was conducted at paper mills and sundry plants at Hayatabad Industrial Estate. The plants were examined for operation and sampled for waste water. Total 7 waste water samples were collected from selected points of Paper mills, Industrial drain and Sundry plants. Samples were analyzed for various physicochemical characteristics (colour, pH, EC, Alkalinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD5) by adopting standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. These samples were also investigated for micronutrients/heavy metals (Cr, Pd, Cd, Ni, Fe, Zn and Cu), using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The obtained results were compared with PakNEQS for industrial efuents. Results showed high limits of pH(8-8.2), EC(738-764uS/cm), Alkalinity(463-581mg/l), Turbidity(166-180NTU), TSS(967-1063.5mg/L), TDS(1673.3-1805.1mg/L), BOD5 (180.6-261.3mg/L) and COD (397-418.2mg/L) in efuents of paper mills. Among heavy metals Cd, Cr and Pd were observed above Pak-NEQS for industrial discharges with average range of 1-3, 2.1-3.2 and 1.01-2.3mg/L respectively. The efuents were recycled in sundry plants for manufacturing paper board/gatta. Analysis of recycled water reduced the levels of analyzed parameters upto low limits as pH(7.1-7.4), EC(336-345uS/cm), Alkalinity(425-580mg/L), Turbidity(140-154NTU), TDS(570-600mg/L), TSS(300-332mg/L), COD(210-200.3mg/L), BOD5 (125-132 mg/L). It was observed that huge quantity of waste water is generated during paper manufacturing and its direct discharge into receiving water is an emerging concern. While the study proved that pollution level of paper mill efuents can be discouraged by recycling of sundry plants. Therefore it is recommended to enhance the installation of sundry plants in proposed industrial estate
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
No full textThis article describes the fabrication and characterization of a medium scale vibration shaker and a wind tunnel for testing of micro and meso scale vibration based, wind based and hybrid (using combined vibration and wind) energy harvesters. The mechanical shakers used for vibration and shock testing are the most versatile, inexpensive and easy to operate, however, due to their fxed displacement, single frequency and sinusoidal behavior, usage of these shakers is limited. The less known electro-hydraulic shakers are more robust, but due to their high forces and high velocities, these are usually utilized to characterize heavy samples. Electromagnetic shakers are the most reliable and accurate and are increasingly used for accelerometers calibration and aerospace applications. Unlike mechanical shakers, electromagnetic shakers can produce random vibrations and can also be used for shock tests. The reported vibration shaker is electrodynamic type. Different parts of the vibration shaker and wind tunnel are fabricated by conventional machining. For vibration shaker, a 1000 W speaker is ftted in a wooden box. The wooden box is made adjustable and through the railing mechanism it can move vertically as well as horizontally. Moreover, a wooden block containing a fxture for a device is glued to the center of the speaker. A power amplifer and a function generator are utilized to provide the desired signal for the operation of the shaker. The wind generating portion of the testingrig comprised of a variable speed fan, a duct pipe and an anemometer. The vibration and wind producing units of the testing rig are assembled on the same base, such that, these can operate separately as well as simultaneously. In the testing rig the vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal input signals from the function generator. With the vibration shaker base acceleration levels from 0.01 g to 2.0 g are produce during a frequency sweep from 1 to 200 Hz. Beyond, 200 Hz, the excitation levels obtained from the shaker are constant. Moreover, the shaker is also characterized by placing different weights on the shaker’s table. The excitation levels for bare table test decreases down from 0.54 g to 0.30 g and 0.22 g by adding a weight of 500 grams and 1000 grams respectively. In the developed testing rig, the wind tunnel is capable of producing an air velocity from 0.4 to 11 m/s at the corresponding fan speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm respectively. Furthermore, the reported wind tunnel is quite able to producing a maximum mass flow rate of 0.170 kg/s
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
No full textHuge gap exists in infrastructure development between restive regions of Pakistan like Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Provincially Administrative Tribal Areas (FATA/ PATA) / hinterland of Baluchistan and remaining part of Pakistan. Government realized the importance of this under development in the aftermath of 9/11 and consequent unrest and trouble. Construction projects unleashed efforts to bring restive regions in line with rest of country. Project Managers running construction works in these areas face numerous challenges in the execution and decision-making. The important concerns include overstretched logistic support, insecure operating environment, difficult terrain, dearth of previously existing infrastructure, centuries old traditional cultural underpinnings, non-availability of skilled manpower / plant and machinery, non-acceptability of allied contractors, and larger operating distances of sites from base camps.
The paper identifies dynamics and variables in order of preference using multi-variant analysis for low productivity in restive regions. The author uses primary dataset and seeks feedback from the respondents through a comprehensive questionnaire containing twenty-six questions. Comparing circumstances and outcome of construction projects with remaining part of the country, the study finds that the cost of work in FATA / PATA and restive regions of Baluchistan is substantially high due to multiple factors and therefore recommendations a construction model for creating ideal circumstances for expediting pace of development and assuring timely completion of projects. The author adopts methodology of quantitative analysis using SPSS for drawing important conclusion from research. 
ESTABLISHING AMBIENT DESIGN CONDITIONS AND WEATHER ENVELOPE FOR ISLAMABAD, LAHORE AND PESHAWAR
No full textThis paper presents the statistical analysis of dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and barometric pressure of three cities, Islamabad, Lahore and Peshawar. Ambient design conditions for accurate assessment of weather induced cooling loads of residential and commercial buildings have been established, using commutative frequency of occurrence technique. Dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperate values corresponding to 1%, 2.5 %, 5% and 10% frequency of occurrence from summer weather data often years from 1986 to 1995 are evaluated for the three cities. The calculated percentile frequency of occurrence is based on both 24-hour basis and 9 hours basis (day time basis ) for use with residential and commercial buildings respectively. Mean daily range of dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature is reported for each month of summer season. Mean daily maximum, mean daily minimum, mean monthly minimum and mean monthly maximum values of the two properties are also reported, for each month of the summer season. Psychrometric charts are constructed for the three cities based on the actual barometric pressure data of ten consecutive years of summer season. Summer weather data of the three cities is plotted on the psychrometric charts to draw the weather envelope of summer seasons for the said cities. Finally, conclusions are drawn for the use of passive and active methods of cooling and the use of data in the design of engineering equipment
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE STRENGTH OF PLAIN CONCRETE WITH TWISTED STEEL COUPLETS AS FIBRE REINFORCEMENT
No full textFrom amongst the large family of fibres which have been used to improve the structural properties of concrete such as tensile strength, shear strength, torsional strength or response against random dynamic forces couplets of steel wires twisted together have been selected as fibre reinforcement for the experimental study details of which are presented in this paper. The couplets were 2" (50mm ) long. The purpose of twisting the wires together was to improve the bond in order to avoid premature failure which might be caused due to slipping. The ratio of the fibre reinforcement ranged between 0.0% to 2.0% by weight with an increment of 0.25%. Nine batches of concrete were prepared and from each, 15 specimens were cast and fibres were randomly added while the concrete ingredients were being mixed in the pan-mixer. Thus altogether 135 specimens were tested. The study was conducted in terms of compressive strength, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio. The results are encouraging and marked improvement in almost all the properties of concrete has been achieved
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TWO PHASE FLOW IN THE NEAR-NOZZLE REGION OF GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS
No full textIn the present study flow conditions in the near nozzle region of the combustion chamber have been investigated. There exists two-phase flow in this region. The overall performance and pollutant formation in the combustion zone largely depends on the spray field in the near nozzle region. The studies are conducted to determine the effects of multijets on the flow pattern in the near nozzle region. The Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) has been used to measure the velocities and sizes of the droplets. The flow field of two-phase liquid drop-air jets is formed from three injectors arranged in t line. Furthermore the two-phase flow field has been analyzed numerically also. The numerical analysis consists of two computational models, namely, (i) 3 non-evaporating two-phase jets, (ii) 3 evaporating two phase jets. The Eulerian-Eulerian approach is incorporated in both the numerical models. Since the flow is turbulent, a two-equation model (k-ε) is implemented in the numerical analysis. Numerical solution of the conservation equation is obtained using PHOENICS computer code. Boundary conditions are provided from the experimental measurements. Numerical domain for the two models of the analysis start at some distance (about 10 diameters of the injector orifice) where the atomization process is completed and droplet size and velocity could be measured experimentally.Three air blast atomized two-phase jets of Jet-A fuel and air, for which the experiments have been conducted, are employed in the numerical study. The numerical and experimental results are compared and the agreement between them is found good
SOLUTION TO BERMAN’S MODEL OF VISCOUS FLOW IN POROUS CHANNEL BY OPTIMAL HOMOTOPY ASYMPTOTIC METHOD
No full textBerman developed the fourth-order nonlinear differential equation with initial and boundary conditions. This modelis based on two-dimensional, steady, incompressible viscous fluids that flow through the permeable channel with wallsuction/Injection. The solution of this model is semi-analytically computed by optimal Homotopy asymptotic technique(OHAM). Reynolds number is based on Suction or injection through the wall, so for different values of Reynolds, weobtained different types of semi-analytic solutions by OHAM
EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
No full textThe present study was conducted to explore the pigment colouration system in conjunction with functional fnishing treatments for polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion resistance. The simultaneous fnishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, fnishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimination of post wash treatment in this method caused little or no contamination. Despite its manifold advantages, the rubbing fastness and fabric stiffness of pigment dyed fabrics in deeper shades is doubtful, hence needed further exploration. The effect of various parameters i.e. fnish type and concentration were taken in to consideration along different modes of application on the abrasion resistance and flexural rigidity of fabrics. As regards the type of fnish, the effect of U-V absorber and Pekoflam OP flame retardant (organic phosphorous compound) on fabric stiffness was found to be advantageous, providing it a soft texture. The post-application of fluorine based liquid water repellent fnish (NUVAFD) at high concentration well resisted the abrasion rubs. The optimized formulation, 50g/L of polyurethane had improved the abrasion resistance of fabrics. Generally, the fnishing of polyester/cotton fabrics with Pekoflam OP flame retardant and water repellent chemicals induced resistance against heavy brunt of abrasive action and a desirable flexural rigidity in fabrics. As regards the meta-treatment of soft polyurethane (hand building) fnish, the dyed fabric showed an inversely proportional relation i.e. decrease in abrasion resistance with increase in fnish concentration
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY TO COUNTER THE QUALITY CHALLENGES FACED BY DEVELOPING COUNTRY
No full textThis paper is about the strategic measures for overcoming the quality challenges faced by the developing countries of the world. ‘Global Village ’ concept for the open trade is a great challenge to the government policy of protectionism, different tariff rules and quota system of these countries. Firstly, competitive survival and then gaining advantages demand a strategy for quality improvement of its goods produced and services provided.The state of quality, its management and improvement process in the industry of the developing countries can be judged from the challenges it is facing for promotion and modernisation. Amongst the most significant challenges are poor business management, unguided research and development, poor Quality Management and Quality Assurance System, limited financial resources, Low education and training, a lack of quality awareness and corporate quality culture and obsolete technology and equipment. These quality challenges and many more are having their root causes embedded in the society of these developing countries that prevent the quality improvement of their products and services and industries modernisation.ISO 9000 Quality Management System ( QMS ) certification can provide sound quality base upon which Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI ) process of Total Quality Management (T Q M ) can be built. A QMS based on a criteria set, documentation and audit authentication is one of the best option available to the management of industry and business in the developing countries. Trying to adopt TQM philosophy without a sound QMS can result in more burden on the industrial resources and management efforts of the developing countries. Industries and businesses in these developing countries may not achieve the benefits (tangible or intangible ) associated with the TQM business philosophy unless to adopt initially a sound QMS, like ISO 9000. Hence, a phased-out and logical sequential implementation of a QMS and CQI process presents a more suitable choice because of the developing economy and low corporate quality culture in the industry and business of these countries.The phased-out strategy of quality improvement to counter the quality challenges in the developing countries, if implemented with commitment and corporate quality culture is expected to give greater advantages