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Novelty Detection in Rotating Machinery: Medium-Sized Industrial Bearings
No full textThis repository contains the implementation and analysis code for novelty detection techniques applied to industrial bearing condition monitoring. The work investigates unsupervised machine learning methods for bearing fault detection, comparing ML-based approaches with fixed threshold-based strategies derived from ISO 20816 standard
Green EU Integration: The Role of the Green Agenda in Accelerating Just Green Transitions in the Western Balkans
No full textThis chapter examines the political dimension of the Western Balkans' transition to a carbon-free economy, emphasising the EU's Green Agenda for the Western Balkans as both a framework for environmental reform and a geopolitical tool. Introduced in 2020 as part of the EU Green Deal, the Agenda aligns the region with EU standards, strengthening political and institutional convergence despite ongoing accession challenges. It highlights the interplay between domestic political dynamics, governance deficiencies, and EU conditionality in shaping progress on renewable energy, climate adaptation, and regulatory alignment. While the Agenda enhances EU influence in a geopolitically contested region, significant obstacles remain. These include coal dependency, weak governance structures, and resistance from entrenched interests. Furthermore, societal transition fatigue complicates the implementation of reforms, risking public disillusionment with the EU accession process. To address these challenges, the chapter calls for a more inclusive governance model, more substantial political commitment, and enhanced transparency to counteract resistance and ensure accountability. By examining the Green Agenda's dual role as a sustainability framework and political instrument, the chapter concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen its impact, ensuring the region’s transition aligns with EU integration goals while addressing local political complexities
Robotic Dynamic Posturography: A Validation Study Using IMU and Force Platform Data
No full textThis paper details the development and preliminary validation of an automated system designed for the dynamic assessment of human balance. The system comprises a novel two-axis robotic perturbation device integrated with wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and a force platform for capturing postural re-sponses. The design process, component selection, integration challenges, and preliminary validation results on healthy subjects are presented, demonstrating the system's potential for clinical applications
Novel load-breakdown methodology for a university office building
Get PDFVarious methodologies can be adopted to evaluate different sub-loads in an office building. These approaches may be based on either non-intrusive or intrusive load monitoring techniques, or a combination of both. This paper presents a novel methodology for evaluating sub-load profiles starting from the total electric load of buildings, following a breakdown methodology. Starting with the total electric load of the building under investigation, this methodology estimates the sub-loads within the total building load, using information regarding the operation of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) and the building management. The proposed methodology has been applied to a reference case study, specifically a university building in the South of Italy. Data collected from a measurement campaign on the main components of the HVAC system have been used to validate the proposed approach, showing that the relative error between measured and estimated data is about 3%. As such, this methodology stands out as an effective process for providing a thorough and comprehensive understanding of buildings’ electricity consumption and for helping in identifying anomalies, faults, and inefficiencies
Pseudorange and Doppler-Based Positioning: Enabling Convergence of Least-Squares Estimation from MEO to LEO
Get PDFThe growing interest of the space industry in satellite systems within the low Earth orbit (LEO) region has prompted attention to their potential for positioning, navigation, and timing applications. This study addresses the convergence issue highlighted in the literature when the Gauss Newton (GN) method is applied to least squares (LS) position estimation algorithms in LEO scenarios, with analyses conducted independently for pseudorange and Doppler shift measurements. To address these limitations, this paper examines two line search techniques in combination with the GN method. A comprehensive analysis of the LS method is conducted through tests on satellite constellations at various orbital altitudes, from medium Earth orbits to LEOs. The results, evaluated in terms of the number of iterations required to achieve convergence, show that adjusting the GN step using a damping factor, namely the damped GN factor, effectively resolves convergence issues, even in LEO scenarios. In particular, the proposed algorithm consistently converges in the LEO region within an average of seven iterations
Exosome-Enhanced Sonodynamic Therapy in Cancer: Emerging Synergies and Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment
Get PDFThe development of safer, more effective, and tumor-specific therapeutic strategies remains a major challenge in oncology. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often cause severe side effects and are limited in their ability to target deep-seated or resistant tumors. In this context, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive option, harnessing low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers deep within tissues and generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that selectively induce cancer cell death. Interestingly, SDT can also be combined with other therapies to achieve synergistic effects. However, despite encouraging preclinical results, SDT clinical translation is hindered by the poor aqueous solubility, instability, and low tumor specificity of traditional sonosensitizers. To overcome these limitations, recent studies have focused on employing extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, as natural, biomimetic nanocarriers for sonosensitizer delivery. EVs offer unique advantages, including high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and intrinsic tumor-targeting ability, which make them ideal platforms for improving the therapeutic precision of SDT. Although several delivery strategies have been proposed, a comprehensive and focused overview of approaches specifically designed to enhance SDT performance using EVs is currently lacking. This review summarizes recent advances in integrating EVs with SDT for cancer treatment. It discusses the mechanisms underlying SDT, the engineering strategies developed to enhance exosome functionality, and the synergistic effects achieved through this combination. Furthermore, this review emphasizes that EV-based SDT not only enhances tumor accumulation of the therapeutic nanoplatforms, but also actively remodels the tumor microenvironment by improving oxygen availability, reversing immunosuppressive conditions, and triggering durable antitumor responses. Finally, the review addresses the translational challenges and outlines the critical future directions required to advance this promising therapeutic approach toward clinical application
Designing drug delivery systems: the impact of structural order and disorder for optimized therapeutic outcomes
No full textMultivariate analysis of PCM glazing effects on office building energy performance in different climates
No full textOngoing greenhouse gas emissions continue to accelerate global warming, with buildings contributing substantially to carbon dioxide emissions. Improving building envelopes is crucial for enhancing energy efficiency and resilience, especially as passive design strategies may become ineffective under extreme climatic conditions.
Phase Change Material (PCM) glazing emerges as a promising solution to increase thermal inertia, reducing cooling energy consumption, and improving occupant comfort in office buildings. However, its impact on energy consumption under diverse climatic and operational scenarios remains underexplored. This paper presents a multivariate analysis of PCM glazing design variables —window-to-wall ratio (WWR), façade orientation, and
PCM type— across ten climates in Europe and North America, considering two internal heat gain scenarios.
Using a validated heat transfer model integrated into EnergyPlus, 4320 simulations were conducted to evaluate annual electricity consumption for heating, cooling, and lighting. Results show that PCM glazing can significantly reduce cooling energy use between 19 % and 45 % in arid/semiarid climates, when melting temperatures are optimally matched to diurnal temperature cycles (21–25 C). Conversely, PCM glazing is less effective in tropical and cold climates due to limited phase change activation and high window U-values.
Sensitivity analysis using Standard Regression Coefficients (SRC) reveals climate-dependent design priorities:
PCM type dominates in arid/semiarid climates, WWR in tropical zones, and façade orientation in cold regions.
The findings emphasize the need for climate-specific PCM glazing strategies and support the integration of adaptive glazing technologies into building codes and retrofit programs. This study offers actionable insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers to enhance building envelope performance and resilience in the context of climate change
Atmospheric pollutant dispersion on industrial sites: concentration fluctuations in complex geometry terrains
No full textL'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen
Aqueous carbonation of cement bypass dust for reuse in cement: Potassium chloride removal, hydration reactivity and mechanical properties
Get PDFAt present, Cement Bypass Dust (CBPD) is landfilled even if characterised by elevated levels of free lime because of high chlorides and sulphates contents. Thus, this study investigated the possibility of reusing CBPD in cement mortars after an aqueous carbonation treatment. Emphasis was given on the optimisation of KCl removal during the carbonation process. To this end, a range of liquid-to-solid ratios and washing-carbonating cycles were investigated. Subsequently, isothermal calorimetry and compressive strength tests on mortars, were done on the as received and carbonated CBPD. Finally, a comparative analysis of CO2 emissions, substitution percentage and strength class, based on the data from different types of standard cement, was conducted to frame CBPD-based cements within the current commercial classifications. The samples with reduced chlorides content, showed similar reactivity when analysed with calorimetry. However, CBPD first hydrated then, carbonated (CBPDhc), stood out as the material with higher heat rate and the better mechanical performances with a relative strength of −26.9 % respect to the reference sample