Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation
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An approach for integrating performance evaluation and environmental sustainability assessment for hybrid additive-subtractive manufacturing
No full textManufacturing systems that integrate additive and subtractive unit processes within a unified workflow aim to leverage the respective strengths of each technology. This study presents a modeling framework for assessing the environmental performance of hybrid manufacturing systems, explicitly accounting for stochastic system-level dynamics such as blocking (when an upstream process is forced to stop because the downstream buffer is full) and starvation (when a downstream process remains idle because the upstream buffer is empty). The model is applied to a case study combining wire arc additive manufacturing and 5-axis CNC milling, under three different process scenarios and multiple system configurations. Increasing buffer capacity reduces idle states and enables the system to operate closer to its maximum throughput, at the cost of higher work in progress. As productivity increases, specific energy consumption and emissions per part decrease. These findings extend traditional process-level models to a multi-stage context, highlighting the importance of system integration. Overall, the study demonstrates that applying the proposed model can improve energy efficiency and carbon footprint by jointly considering process strategies and system configuration, supporting more informed, sustainability-oriented design and planning decisions
Impact of pilot injections on ducted fuel injection performance
No full textThis experimental and numerical study evaluates how ducted fuel injection (DFI) and pilot injections interact to impact soot formation and the premixed heat release pressure spike in diesel combustion. Experiments showed that pilot injections reduced the premixed heat release spike of a free spray by approximately 70%, while DFI configurations only experienced a decrease of approximately 25%. Similarly, pilot injections reduced the initial lift-off length (LOL) of the main injection of a free-spray by approximately 30%, while DFI’s initial LOL had little to no change when pilot injections were utilized. Regardless of whether a standalone-main or pilot-main strategy was used, DFI was able to reduce the spatially integrated natural luminosity (SINL) of the flame relative to a free spray, indicating a likely reduction in soot formation. Both duct configurations studied produced steady SINL signals which were approximately 30% and 70% of the free spray’s, respectively. For DFI, pilot injections further reduced the peak SINL compared to a standalone main by approximately 16%. The decrease in peak SINL correlated with increased spray head penetration rates. The numerical study revealed that pilot injections led to leaner mixtures near the tip of the penetrating spray for all configurations. Thus, unaffected LOLs, leaner penetrating spray tips, and a reduced time for soot formation possibly led to less soot in the head of the transient penetrating spray when DFI is used in conjunction with pilot injections
Direct Numerical Simulation of Microramp-Controlled Shock–Boundary-Layer Interactions: Effects of Ramp Size and Location
No full textShock–boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) occur in most high-speed aerospace applications, often causing flow separation, pressure and heat peaks, increased drag, and unsteadiness. Microvortex generators offer an interesting passive control strategy by improving flow characteristics without excessive parasitic drag. This study uses direct numerical simulation (DNS) to investigate the impact of microramp arrays on a supersonic SBLI generated by an oblique shock impinging on a turbulent boundary layer at Mach 2.28 and friction Reynolds number 550. Four configurations are examined: one baseline uncontrolled and three controlled cases with variations in microramp size and placement relative to the interaction zone. Results indicate that microramps modulate the separation bubble spanwise, forming a saddle-shaped structure. Larger microramps enhance wake lift-up and momentum transfer toward the near-wall region, delaying separation and promoting earlier reattachment, but at the cost of increased device drag. Position changes have minor influence, primarily near the symmetry plane, suggesting that control effectiveness is relatively insensitive to shock distance. Although limited to a small set of geometrical parameters, these high-fidelity data provide valuable insight into the parametric behavior of microramp-controlled SBLIs
Marina Park
No full textMarina Park è un progetto emblematico della storia e del futuro di Cork, in Irlanda, ed è già uno dei parchi più amati della città. Rispondendo all’ambizione municipale di trasformare l’area portuale in un nucleo effervescente e dinamico, il progetto si confronta con le esigenze contemporanee del pubblico urbano pur rimanendo fedele alle eredità del passato. Il risultato è un parco multifunzionale e inclusivo, che favorisce l’adattamento climatico e la biodiversità urbana, offrendo molteplici opportunità ricreative a un pubblico eterogeneo.
(ENG) Marina Park is an emblematic project of the history and future of Cork, Ireland, and is already one of the city’s best-loved parks. Responding to the municipal ambition to transform the docklands into a vibrant and dynamic urban hub, the project addresses the contemporary needs of the urban public while remaining faithful to the legacies of the past. The result is a multifunctional, inclusive park that promotes climate adaptation and urban biodiversity, offering multiple recreational opportunities to a diverse public
Autoencoder ed Etimologia nel Progetto Panta Rei: Architetture Latenti e Metamorfosi del Senso in un Autoencoder Minimalista
Full text linkIl presente studio esplora la capacità di un'architettura neurale di tipo Autoencoder di mappare e riscoprire le relazioni semantiche e fonetiche di un corpus formato da diverse lingue e di un corpus isolato di lingua latina. Attraverso una riduzione dimensionale estrema e test di "alchimia linguistica", si osserva come la macchina non si limiti a una compressione dei dati, ma generi uno spazio latente in cui i concetti si fondono in strutture archetipiche. I risultati rivelano la persistenza di "fantasmi linguistici" e la tendenza del modello a risolvere tensioni semantiche attraverso ponti fonetici che richiamano la fluidità del divenire eracliteo (Panta Rei). Panta Rei è quindi il nome del progetto ora proposto
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Evaluation of Thermal Tissue Alterations After Diode Laser Excision of Oral Leukoplakia (OL)
Full text linkObjectives: Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most prevalent oral potentially malignant disorder and requires accurate diagnosis, safe excision, and reliable margin evaluation to minimize recurrence and malignant transformation. Diode laser excision is increasingly adopted due to its precision and favorable clinical outcomes; however, laser-induced thermal effects at surgical margins raise concerns regarding tissue integrity and histopathological reliability. This study aimed to evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a real-time, high-resolution, non-invasive imaging modality for assessing peri-incisional thermal effects during diode laser excision of non-dysplastic OL. The primary objective was to validate OCT for ultrastructural and morphometric tissue analysis while ensuring preservation of diagnostic readability. Methods: A single-center observational case series was conducted at the University of Turin. Thirty patients with clinically and histopathologically confirmed oral leukoplakia without epithelial dysplasia were enrolled and allocated to two groups: 15 lesions excised using a 980 nm diode laser in continuous-wave contact mode (laser group) and 15 lesions removed by conventional scalpel biopsy (control group). Laser excisions were performed with standardized parameters and a circumferential safety margin of 5 mm. Immediately after excision, specimens underwent ex vivo spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) imaging to evaluate the epithelial and connective tissue microarchitecture at surgical margins and central lesion areas. OCT acquisition sites were precisely correlated with histological sections. Quantitative OCT measurements of epithelial thickness, lamina propria thickness, and laser-induced thermal alterations were compared with corresponding histological findings. Results: OCT consistently provided high-resolution visualization of oral mucosal microarchitecture in both groups, allowing clear identification of epithelial stratification, basement membrane continuity, and lamina propria organization. In the laser group, OCT detected superficial optical alterations at the surgical margins consistent with laser-induced thermal effects, while deeper tissue layers remained structurally readable. Histological analysis revealed mean epithelial and connective tissue thermal alterations of 288.9 μm and 430.3 μm, respectively. OCT-derived measurements showed high concordance with histology, with an overall agreement of 88.5% and no statistically significant differences between OCT and histological assessments. Importantly, laser-induced thermal effects did not impair definitive histopathological diagnosis in any specimen. Comparison with the control group confirmed preserved tissue architecture in scalpel-excised samples and highlighted OCT sensitivity in detecting laser-related structural remodeling. Conclusions: OCT proved to be a reliable, non-invasive imaging technique for real-time assessment of diode laser-induced thermal effects during OL excision. The technique accurately delineated tissue microstructure and surgical margins without compromising histopathological interpretation. Integration of OCT into the laser-assisted management of oral potentially malignant disorders may enhance surgical precision, optimize margin control, reduce diagnostic uncertainty, and support individualized follow-up strategies
Effects of Inorganics during Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Waste: A Comprehensive Study
Full text linkHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is gaining interest for the energy valorization of wet waste. While HTL performance is known to depend on biochemical composition, the role of inorganics remains poorly understood. This study evaluates the effects of the four most common metals (Na, K, Mg, and Ca) present as oxides, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, and chlorides. Experimental results, supported by principal component analysis (PCA), revealed that inorganics significantly influence HTL performance, depending on both cation and anion type. More basic anions generally decreased solid production while favoring both biocrude and aqueous-phase yields, with carbonates perform- ing better than oxides despite their lower basicity. Na and K enhanced these effects compared to Ca and Mg, while K and Ca led to higher HHVs and lower oxygen content in the biocrude than Na and Mg, respectively, indicating a specific role of the cations. Sodium and potassium carbonates performed best, increasing biocrude yield by 48% relative to the corresponding inorganic-free feedstock, while reducing solid production by 90%. CaCl2 was the only compound reducing biocrude yield, while increasing solid residue by 90%. This study highlights the critical influence of inorganics on HTL performance and provides a foundation for deeper insights into the underlying mechanism
INRIM_Brand1_1F_1_23C_0k_EDLC_single
No full textThis dataset contains experimental measurements of a 1 F electric double-layer capacitor at 23 °C. The dataset includes direct current (DC) characterization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The dataset can support studies on supercapacitor modeling, parameter identification, performance evaluation, and validation of equivalent circuit models for energy storage systems