Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innovation
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Temperature and degree of cure 3D distributions in fiber-reinforced and sandwich composites using 1D finite elements
No full textThis paper presents a multifield numerical approach to analyze the thermochemical behavior of composite structures during curing. A 1D high-fidelity model, developed within the Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) and the Finite Element Method (FEM), is employed to solve the coupled heat-transfer and cure-kinetics equations. This approach allows accurate prediction of both temperature and degree of cure during the curing cycle, providing full 3D distributions for these variables. The modeling approach is layer-wise (LW), with each ply explicitly modeled and having a set of unknown variables. The proposed methodology is applied to graphite/epoxy composite laminates and extended to a hybrid solid laminate/honeycomb structure,
demonstrating its applicability to both monolithic and complex structures. The influence of different boundary conditions, such as temperature and free-surface convection, and non-homogeneous convection, is analyzed. The results consider the time evolution of temperature and degree of cure, and the 3D distribution within the composite part. The model’s accuracy is verified through results from the literature
Il design di Emilio Ambasz. La pratica dell'invenzione
No full textIl volume si propone di analizzare il lavoro di Emilio Ambasz nel campo dell’industrial design.
L’architetto argentino-americano, noto per aver curato la fondamentale mostra Italy: The New Domestic Landscape al MoMA di New York nel 1972, che ha contribuito a consacrare definitivamente il design italiano, è stato autore, da allora in poi, di una grande quantità di edifici nei quali dà forma al dibattito sul rapporto tra architettura e natura, culminato nella creazione dell’Emilio Ambasz Institute for the Joint Study of the Built and the Natural Environment, nel 2020, presso lo stesso MoMA. Parallelamente, è stato attivo nella progettazione di attrezzature domestiche e per i luoghi di lavoro, alcune delle quali di grande successo commerciale e di critica, che si concentrano sul rapporto tra designer, utilizzatore e tecnologia. Le due traiettorie – la prima molto più esplorata e nota – definiscono un progettista di successo che non si limita a operarei salti di scala “dal cucchiaio alla città”, ma applica un moderno pensiero olistico e sistemico che tiene conto tanto degli utilizzatori quanto del contesto urbano e domestico, dei processi produttivi, del mercato e della responsabilità
del design.
Il volume presenta e analizza, oltre che i prodotti – alcuni dei quali molto diffusi, premiati e portatori di impatti sulla quotidianità dei loro utilizzatori – anche i modi professionali, le politiche di impresa e il dibattito teorico che si possono leggere fra le righe del design di Ambasz. Archivi aziendali, interviste con l’architetto, brevetti, conferenze e relazioni con altri progettisti, con il relativo apparato di illustrazioni, permettono di svelare “l’altro Emilio”
Energy tunnels for a sustainable future
No full textEnergy tunnels are an emerging class of sustainable infrastructure that combines structural, geotechnical and energy functions in a single system. By thermally activating tunnel linings, engineers can extract, store and exchange geothermal heat for applications such as urban heating, cooling and infrastructure de-icing. Beyond improving energy efficiency, this technology contributes directly to the decarbonisation targets outlined in the European Green Deal. This Brief Report summarises the principles, design framework, and strategic potential of energy tunnels, drawing on recent advances and case studies, including the Turin Metro Line 2, the Brenner Base Tunnel, and the Lyon-Turin connection, to illustrate how they can transform underground infrastructure into renewable energy assets
Measurements of Quench Propagation Velocity in HTS Cable for Fusion Applications Using Optical Fiber Sensors
No full textLow quench propagation velocity (QPV) in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) undermines conventional voltage-based quench detection, since damaging temperatures can develop locally before appreciable voltages appear. This work investigates an ENEA aluminum slotted-core cable featuring a BRAided STack (BRAST) of REBCO tapes, instrumented with capillary-mounted fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in direct thermal contact with the stack, alongside conventional voltage taps. Quench experiments were carried out in liquid nitrogen flow at 77 K, with the current held constant at about 500 A. Electrical and optical signals were processed with a standardized pipeline for the onset quench: statistical thresholds for electric field, and temperature-based arrivals at FBGs. From arrival times at known positions, QPV is estimated via two independent methods based on resistive front and thermal front, respectively. Both methods yield consistent values in the range of 20-60 mm/s. Downstream, where the front is fully developed, the two estimates converge within uncertainty. These results demonstrate that embedded optical fibers provide local temperature tracking, electromagnetically immune, and minimally invasive complement to voltage taps for quench detection and QPV estimation in HTS cables for fusion-magnet applications
Corrigendum to “Invertible Quadratic Non-Linear Layers for MPC-/FHE-/ZK-Friendly Schemes over Fnp : Application to Poseidon”
No full textNeptune is a hash function proposed by Grassi et al. at ToSC 2022(3) for Zero-Knowledge (ZK) applications. In this note, we show that the linear layer of Neptune’s external rounds fails to guarantee the maximum growth of the degree, potentially affecting the security of Neptune against algebraic attacks. Here, we formally address this problem, by identifying sufficient conditions that ensure the expected degree growth is maintained
Geospatial Technologies for Flood and Drought Management: A Review of Earth Observation Data, Procedures, and their Operational Effectiveness
No full textFloods and droughts represent two of the most widespread hydrological hazards, frequently leading to large-scale socioeconomic disruption and long-term environmental degradation. The increasing frequency and intensity of these hazards, driven by climate change and rapid urbanization, require advanced and timely response mechanisms. Geospatial technologies, particularly Earth Observation (EO), have become essential in this context, providing multi-scale, near-real-time information to support disaster management. This review synthesizes the current state of EO-based flood and drought management, with a specific focus on the operational integration of EO data and procedures across key response substages. It assesses the capabilities of core EO sensor families, including optical, thermal infrared, active and passive microwave, and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), in monitoring critical hydrological and environmental variables. A central contribution of this study is the development of the Operational EO Integration Framework (OEI-F), which systematically aligns EO data types, integration approaches, spatial scales, and response substages within an operational context. The review further examines advances in multi-source data fusion, EO-derived indicators, and service-oriented platforms, while identifying persistent challenges related to data interoperability, institutional uptake, and compound hazard monitoring. The findings underscore the pivotal role of EO in strengthening climate adaptation, multi-hazard resilience, and evidence-based decision-making, and conclude with strategic recommendations to enhance its operational effectiveness across technological, organizational, and policy dimensions
From materials to management: the expanding role of design of experiments in advanced battery technologies
No full textThe transition toward sustainable and high-performance batteries requires not only advances in materials and architectures, but also the adoption of systematic approaches to experimental design. This review highlights the role of design of experiments (DoE) as a versatile and powerful methodology to accelerate innovation in the battery field. By replacing trial-and-error strategies with statistically sound frameworks, DoE enables the exploration of multiple variables and their interactions, offering deeper insights into complex phenomena that govern synthesis, performance, safety, recycling, and lifetime of batteries. Applications reviewed span from the optimization of electrode formulations and cathode synthesis to advanced thermal management strategies and recycling processes of end-of-life batteries. Across these domains, DoE has proven to reduce experimental redundancy, enhance reproducibility, and guide the identification of optimal operating conditions. The review also illustrates how DoE can act as a bridge between laboratory-scale research and industrial scalability, providing tools that are essential for the development of next-generation energy storage technologies. By presenting a comprehensive overview of its impact, this article aims to inspire researchers to embrace DoE as a cornerstone for systematic innovation, fostering both scientific progress and sustainable deployment of electrochemical energy storage
Tribofilm Formation of Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate as Oil Additives Impregnated in Porous Polyimide-Steel Soft Contact
No full textAs a commonly used lubricant additive, ZDDP can form antiwear tribofilms on metal surfaces, reduce the wear of rolling elements and grooves, and thus holds potential for application in bearing lubrication. However, in the actual operation of bearings using oil-impregnated porous polyimide (iPPI) as the bearing cage, there are both steel-steel contacts and iPPI-steel contacts. The characteristic of the ZDDP tribofilms under iPPI-steel soft contact remains unclear. Herein, ZDDP was added as a lubricant additive to poly-alpha-olefin oil (PAO4), and its frictional behavior under soft contact (iPPI-steel) and hard contact (steel-steel) at different temperatures was investigated. Results demonstrated that raising temperature promotes ZDDP tribochemical activity and increases the tribofilm-affected area on the steel surface. The formed tribofilm protects the steel surface and reduces wear. FIB-SEM characterization demonstrated that compared with hard contact, the ZDDP tribofilms formed on the steel ball surface under soft contact exhibit stronger continuity and greater thickness, thereby providing more effective protection for the steel ball surface. This study provides necessary insights for the application of ZDDP in bearings with iPPI as the bearing cage
EX FABBRICHE RIVETTI E GIUSEPPE PAGANO A BIELLA: INTERSEZIONI FRA TUTELA, PROGETTO E VALORIZZAZIONE
No full textThe massive closure of production activities in the wool sector at the end of the last century, and the ensuing
economic crisis, left Biella with a substantial legacy of former factories, whose fate remained uncertain.
Among these sites, special attention should be given to the case of the former textile plants of the Rivetti Wool Mills,
which were established in the early years of the twentieth century just beyond the city's historic perimeter. Recognized and
protected for their historical and documentary value, this collection of former industrial buildings includes a work by
Giuseppe Pagano, who in 1939 designed the “Pettinature Rivetti” factory.
The future for this heritage, concentrated along the same fluvial strip that has recently gained recognition and protection
for its environmental and landscape value, has long been difficult to envision. Yet in recent years, the interests of new
economic stakeholders have helped alter the scenario, hastening the process of large-scale interventions. A further impetus
may now arise from the intersection of initiatives capable of systematizing the industrial complex created by the Rivetti
family in Biella with Pagano's work and other 20th-century architecture that characterizes the city
Performance Analysis of Field Oriented Control Under Temperature Variations in a Synchronous Motor
No full textThis study investigates the effects of temperature variations on the dynamic performance of a field oriented control (FOC) in a synchronous motor. A typical FOC with torque optimization using maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and maximum torque per volt (MTPV), space-vector modulation (SVM), and feedforward estimator, with typical gain tuning based on motor parameters, was experimentally evaluated at multiple operating points, including the field-weakening region. Although heat-induced changes in parameters have been quanti-fied, experimental research on their specific effect on controller performance is still scarce. Most existing studies limit their focus to only a few operational points and often disregard the full torque-speed map, notably overlooking the critical field-weakening region. Some studies even propose that these variations are negligible for control. The performance of the FOC was evaluated using the rise time, settling time, and overshoot percentage in each operation point jump. The results revealed that higher temperatures lead to increased rise time and reduced overshoot in the constant torque region, while both decrease in the field-weakening region. A 45°C variation led to rise time and overshoot changes of 39% and 50.89% in the constant torque region, and 21.5% and 99.56% in the field-weakening region