29295 research outputs found
Sort by
Fostering or Suppression? Reluctance of Chinese Privately-Owned Fixed Broadband Operators to Enter the Market from the Perspective of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007
No full textIn 2013 the central government of China decided to
further open up the fixed broadband market for private funds, in order to boost market competition. However, to date, with regard to protecting the interests of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the administrative intervention concerning network interoperability has fostered private funds from the outside, whereas it has discouraged them from the inside. This trend puzzles existing or prospective privately-owned fixed broadband operators, and creates a brick wall for them. Moreover, because of the lack of network interoperability, many lines are constructed in China, yet these are high-priced but low-speed fixed broadband services and so, consequently, consumer welfare cannot be advanced. In theory, the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007 should prohibit these anti-competitive practices; however, in reality, the 2007 Act has lost its function of achieving effective competition in the fixed broadband market, as well as that of protecting the interests of privately-owned fixed broadband operators and consumer welfare. Because both effective competition and consumer welfare are unachievable in the fixed broadband sector, the ultimate objective of the Anti-Monopoly Law of China 2007, namely the public interest, which means reconciliation between the state’s interest, interests of different types of enterprises and consumer welfare is sidelined. Therefore, this paper examines the survival conditions of privately-owned fixed broadband operators in China caused by administrative directives, as well as the lack of network interoperability; it analyses the antimonopoly probe into two Chinese telecommunications SOEs (2011); and it evaluates genuine functions of the 2010s telecommunications intervention policies for private funds from the Anti-Monopoly Law perspective
Formal usability evaluation of audio track widget graphical representation for two-dimensional stage audio mixing interface
No full textThe two-dimensional stage paradigm (2DSP) has been suggested as an alternative audio mixing interface (AMI). This study seeks to refine the 2DSP by formally evaluating graphical track visualisation styles. Track visualisations considered were text only, circles containing text, individually coloured circles containing text, circles colour coded by instrument type with text, icons with text superimposed, circles with RMS related dynamic opacity and a traditional AMI. The usability evaluation focused on track selection efficiency and
included user visualisation preference for this micro-task. Test subjects were instructed to click five randomly selected tracks for a six, sixteen and thirty-two track mix for each visualisation. The results indicate text only
visualisation is best for efficiency however test subjects preferred icons and traditional AMI
Modelling uncertainty associated with comparative coordinate measurement through analysis of variance techniques
No full textOver the last few years, various techniques and metrological instruments have been proposed to achieve accurate process control
on the shop floor at low cost. An efficient solution that has been recently adopted for this complex task is to perform coordinate
measurement in comparator mode in order to eliminate the influence of systematic effects associated with the measurement
system. In this way, more challenging parts can be inspected in the shop floor environment and higher quality products can be
produced while also enabling feedback to the production loop. This paper is concerned with the development of a statistical model
for uncertainty associated with comparative coordinate measurement through analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. It employs
the Renishaw Equator comparative gauging system and a production part with thirteen circular features of three different
diameters. An experimental design is applied to investigate the influence of two key factors and their interaction on the
comparator measurement uncertainty. The factors of interest are the scanning speed and the sampling point density. In particular,
three different scanning speeds and two different sampling point densities are considered. The measurands of interest are the
circularity of each circular feature. The present experimental design is meant to be representative of the actual working conditions
in which the automated flexible gauge is used. The Equator has been designed for high speed comparative gauging on the shop
floor with possibly wide temperature variation. Therefore, two replicates are used at different temperature conditions to decouple
the influence of environmental effects and thus drawing more refined conclusions on the statistical significance
On the Computation of Paracoherent Answer Sets
No full textAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a well-established formalism for nonmonotonic reasoning. An ASP program can have no answer set due to cyclic default negation. In this case, it is not possible to draw any conclusion, even if this is not intended.
Recently, several paracoherent semantics have been
proposed that address this issue, and several potential applications for these semantics have been identified. However, paracoherent semantics have essentially been inapplicable in practice, due to the lack of efficient algorithms and implementations. In this paper, this lack is addressed, and several different algorithms to compute semi-stable and semi-equilibrium
models are proposed and implemented into an answer set solving framework. An empirical performance comparison among the new algorithms on benchmarks from ASP competitions is given as well
Compensation and Damages for Nationalization: A Critical Appraisal of Classical International Law Theories and Contemporary Legal Problems
No full textSynopsis:
Remedies for loss caused by the regulatory acts of host States in exercise of their sovereign prerogatives is a generally recognized principle of international law. In the area of nationalization, however, we discern in the shadow of this communis opinio the presence of a significant range of conceptual difficulties and legal problems. From a historical perspective, a State’s right to nationalize foreign direct investment (FDI) projects, and the applicable or accepted standard of compensation or damages, have been the focal questions informing international arbitral and claims practice. A key objective of the current text is to attempt a critical appraisal of the current state of international law on reparations. In pursuing this task the authors employ theoretical, historical and legalistic methods. An argumentative approach will be informed by a much broader perspective aimed at examining the wider economic, political and social context of the principle of reparations for nationalized property.
The main thrust of the monograph is directed at a critique and appraisal of the classical international law theories on reparations. Focusing on the upstream petroleum sector, the authors’ main objectives include: (a) to conduct a critical inquiry into the current state of the international law governing reparations for nationalized assets; and (b) posit the necessity for a conceptual shift of focus away from the emphasis placed under the current law on the restitutionary (restitutio in integrum) function of reparations for nationalized petroleum assets. In pursuing this second objective, the authors argue that from a reparations perspective a clearer distinction should be drawn between lawful and unlawful forms of regulatory interference with FDI projects in the upstream petroleum industry. This would imply, on the one hand, limiting compensation for lawful acts of nationalization to damnum emergens; on the other hand, remedies for expropriation should attract both damnum emergens plus lucrum cessans, by virtue of the latter’s unlawful character
'Jus in bello' - The IHL Principle of Distinction in the Context of Asymmetric and Hybrid Armed Conflicts.
No full text# Armed conflicts are increasingly assuming an asymmetric character through the involvement of non-State actors such as terrorist groups, militants, and insurgents. This phenomenon presents complex challenges for the international legal framework regulating warfare (Jus ad Bellum and Jus in Bello). This paper sets out to critically evaluate the legal challenges and practical difficulties which attain the application of the IHL principle of distinction in asymmetric and hybrid armed conflicts. While acknowledging the progress made in articulating the norms of ‘jus in bello’, the paper highlights persistent and pervasive problems in the application of the law governing armed conflicts to battlefield situations. The paper’s key objective is to counsel the necessity for the further refinement and granulation of current ‘signature policies’ involving the use of armed drones in the targeting of terror suspects. This task is undertaken with a view to attaining a greater degree of accuracy, clarity and precision in calibrating the vital distinction between civilian status and the various categories of presumed combatants.
The conclusion posits the impossibility of attaining the rule of distinction in the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). It further argues that when viewed from this perspective, the mere possession and stockpiling of WMDS could per se be construed as constituting the requisite mens rea, or animus belligerendi, of preparation for the possible future commission of a war crime.
# Best Research Paper Award, 6th Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations, & Public Policy (LRPP), Singapore, 5-6 June 2017
The road to no-where: the invisibility of migrant labour in the meat-processing industry
No full textMuslims, Schooling and Security: Trojan Horse, Prevent and Racial Politics
No full textThis book focuses on the recent educational policy debates surrounding Muslims, schooling and the question of security in light of the Counter Terrorism Security Act – which has made ‘Prevent’ a legal duty for schools, colleges and universities. The book examines the infamous ‘Trojan Horse’ affair in Birmingham, and critically evaluates the security discourses in light of theoretical insights from the study of racial politics.
The sociology of race and schooling in the UK has long been associated with a number of diverse areas of study, including racial inequality, multiculturalism, citizenship and identity; however, until very recently, very little attention has been given to securitization and race within the context of education and even less focus has been given to the links between the question of security and racial politics. This book makes a much-needed and timely contribution to debates on the complex relationship between racial politics and schooling, and will make compelling reading for students and researchers in the fields of education and sociology, as well as education policy makers
International Stock Return Co-movements and Trading Activity
Get PDFThis paper analyses return co-movements across eight major international stock markets while considering the nature of motives to trade for a given daily price change. Daily volume as an information signal is dissected into quintiles and its interaction with returns is examined. The results show that international return spillover effects are sensitive to different levels of trading activity and price changes driven by liquidity-based and information-based trades can both spill over across borders. We find trades originating in Asia are information-based, those originating in America are liquidity-based, and those originating in Europe are a mixture of these two types
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage University of Huddersfield Repository? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!