Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (E-Journal)
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Influence of Boronizing Treatment and Parameters of Erosion Test on Sand Slurry Erosion of X52 Steel
Get PDFSlurry erosion is one of the main problems associated with pipeline transportation of gas and oil. The impact of slurry concentration and velocity on slurry erosion resistance before and after boronizing API X52 steel was investigated in this study. Two slurry velocities of 4 and 6 m/s, and slurry concentrations of 400, 600, and 800 g/l were employed. Boronizing was performed at 900 °C for 4 h in a powder mixture containing 5% B4C as the boron source, 5% NaBF4 as the activator, and 90% SiC as the diluent. It was found that when the slurry concentration and velocity rise, so does the erosion rate, or weight loss. In comparison with the unboronized X52 steel, the results demonstrated that the formation of boride layers significantly improved the surface hardness and slurry erosion resistance
Metallic Scaffolds for Tissue and Bone Engineering: Applications in Radiology, Pharmacy, Nursing, Emergency Services, and Laboratory Sciences
Get PDFMetallic scaffolds have emerged as vital tissue and bone engineering tools due to their exceptional mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and bioactivity. These scaffolds serve as templates for tissue regeneration, guiding cellular behavior and supporting the growth of bone-like tissues. The integration of metallic scaffolds across diverse fields such as radiology, pharmacy, nursing, emergency services, and laboratory sciences highlights their multidisciplinary significance. This review explores the material properties, fabrication techniques, and characterization methods of metallic scaffolds, emphasizing their applications in regenerative medicine and their role in drug delivery systems. Challenges such as regulatory considerations, biocompatibility concerns, and scalability issues are discussed, along with future research directions aimed at optimizing scaffold performance and clinical applicability
Effect of Temperature on Mn2+ Doped Lipbx3 (X = Cl, Br, I): Synthesis and Characterization
Get PDFIn this current paper, the molar feed ratio of MnCl2 to PbBr2 is 1.35 M%. Lead halide perovskite is synthesized by the wet chemical method. The structure of LiPb(Cl/Br)3 doped with Mn2+ nanocrystal was confirmed by TEM analysis and XRD with JCPDS#73-0692. All the diffraction peaks slightly shifted towards the lower angle, this may be due to cell size increases after the Br ion is included in the LiPb(Cl/Br)3 nanocrystal. The cause of the dual color emission of the LiPb(Cl/Br)3 doped with Mn2+ nanocrystal when excited with a 365 nm UV lamp is a transfer of energy levels between the 4T1 and 6A1 of the Mn2+ 3d state (d-d) transition. With increasing the temperature of synthesis under 365 nm UV excitation, a red shift is observed from 598 nm to 605 nm
Assessment of Gingival Health among Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFObjective: This research aims to determine the Assessment of Gingival Health among Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Methods: This research will employ a cross-sectional study design to assess the gingival health of children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional approach allows for data collection from a representative population sample at a single point in time, providing a snapshot of gingival health status among children.
Results: The study included 250 participants. The most frequent gender among them was male (n= 144, 57.6%) and female (n= 106, 42.4%). The most frequent age among study participants was 9-12 years (n=71, 28.4%) followed by 13-16 years (n= 64, 25.6%), then 6-8 years (n=55, 22%), 3-5 years (n=34, 13.6%) and 2 years and less (n=26, 10.4%). The most frequent nationality among study participants was Saudi (n=212, 84.8%) and non-Saudi (n=38, 15.2%). Passive smoking among study participants, with most of them having smoked (n=154, 61.6%) and don’t smoke (n=96, 38.4%). Medical history among study participants, with most of them saying yes (n=160, 64%) and no (n=90, 36%). Participants were asked if they were using medical. Most frequently, people don’t use (n= 140, 56%) and use medical (n=110, 44%).
Conclusion: the study highlighted a significant prevalence of gingival health issues among children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Factors such as poor oral hygiene practices, limited frequency of dental visits, and dental plaque and deposits were identified as contributing to gingival problems. The findings emphasize the need for improved oral health education, regular dental check-ups, and preventive measures to reduce the incidence of gingival diseases in children. Early intervention and community-based awareness programs are recommended to promote better oral health habits among children and their caregivers
Female Infertility Associated Depression and Anxiety: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFInfertility poses significant psychological challenges, particularly for women, leading to increased levels of anxiety and depression. This study systematically explores the multifaceted emotional toll of infertility, reviewing literature that underscores a staggering prevalence of depressive symptoms among infertile women, which can range from 25% to 60%. Societal expectations regarding motherhood compound these feelings of distress, contributing to a heightened psychological burden as compared to men. Emphasizing the complexity of this relationship, findings suggest that the psychological distress experienced by these women can parallel that of individuals confronting chronic illnesses. Coping mechanisms play a crucial role in influencing mental health outcomes; adaptive strategies such as problem-solving and seeking social support yield more favorable results, whereas maladaptive strategies—like self-blame and avoidance—exacerbate emotional turmoil. The study also highlights the biopsychosocial framework in contextualizing the experiences of infertile women, depicting how biological factors, psychological distress, and social stressors intertwine to affect mental health. Long-duration infertility correlates with an intensification of anxiety and depression, signaling the importance of timely assessment and intervention. Additionally, analysis of the impacts of various fertility treatment options, particularly assisted reproductive technologies (ART), reveals that the physical and emotional challenges associated with these treatments contribute significantly to psychological outcomes. Through this examination, the research calls for integrated mental health support as part of infertility treatment protocols, advocating for tailored interventions that address the unique coping styles of women facing infertility. By recognizing the extensive mental health implications of infertility, stakeholders can better prepare to address these psychological challenges, ultimately promoting improved quality of life and emotional well-being for affected individuals. This study serves as a critical resource for healthcare practitioners and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of psychological considerations in infertility management
Development and Design of Magnetic Structures for Improving Reliability Linear Motors
Get PDFThe design of magnetic structures for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors (PMSLMs) plays a crucial role in various industrial and technological applications. Through the modernization approach in determining the shapes of structures for magnets and choosing appropriate dimensions. Nonetheless, there is significant room for improvement in their performance, especially in terms of reducing cogging forces and enhancing back electromotive force (EMF) through reducing the harmonic contents of induced back EMF.
This study introduces a model that focuses on optimizing a flat single-sided PMSLM to reduce cogging forces. This model utilizes a blend of analytical and numerical techniques, including FLUX2D/3D optimization to mitigate cogging forces. Numerous design iterations were performed to identify the ideal model, leading to a substantial decrease in maximum cogging pressures. This research integrates several benefits and novel methodologies for the design of efficient linear motors, with ramifications for policy formulation in the domain of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motors (PMSLMs). Notwithstanding the current limitations, these offered models signify viable solutions for industrial and commercial applications, facilitating the progression of this innovative technology
Mobile Robot using Kalman Filter for Localization
Get PDFThis research investigates using a Kalman filter to enhance the mobile robot localization. Accurate localization is crucial for effective steering and successful mission completion in the autonomous robotic systems. The Traditional methods encounter problems comes from the noise and the errors in sensor measurements, resulting in the failure in performance. The Kalman filter is a mathematical method that may guess the state of the dynamic system depend upon a sequence of noisy and the incomplete explanations. It is a consistent technique to address localization issues. The Kalman filter, a method for the iterative state estimation, significantly improves the localization precision of a two-wheeled (2WD) robot. The experimental outcomes display that the filter decreases uncertainty and enhance the robot's ability to cross the complex conditions. A Simulink application permits fast modeling and simulation of the robot's dynamic performance, giving valuable visions into perfect filter limitations. This research aims to improve the robotics arena by indicating a dependable method for the localization, which is vital for an autonomous steering and the mission execution. The numerical analysis has a significantly improves the robot's capacity to steer in the noisy environments, rendering it a possible explanation for the real-time applications in the dynamic situations
Nursing Management of School Age Children with Nail Biting and their Mothers: A Review Article
Get PDFBackground: Nail biting is a pathological oral habit and grooming disorder characterized by chronic, seemingly uncontrollable nail-biting that is destructive to fingernails and the surrounding tissue. Nail-biting can be a temporary, relatively non-destructive behavior that is merely a cosmetic concern, but it can also develop into a severe, long-term problem. It is classified as body focused repetitive behavior disordered along with some other related behaviors such as lip biting or cheek chewing.School nurses, pediatric nurse practitioners, and public health nurses have distinct chances to spot students with nail-biting habits early on through various activities. These include health screenings and enrollment examinations. A visual check of the hands can reveal potential signs of nail damage associated with biting. with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence
A Systematic Literature Review on Streetscape Environment: Bibliometric and Visualization Insights
Get PDFStreetscape environment (SE), integral to public spaces, has become increasingly significant due to its direct impact on urban life, particularly in the context of rapid urbanization and globalization. The paper aims to investigate the current research situation and progress related to SE research through bibliometrics research on the existing literature. In this study, VOSviewer and Scimago Graphica software were used to visually analyze 257 articles about SE on the Web of Science(WoS) from January 2014 to May 2024. This paper presents the basic characteristics of SE research for the first time, including publication productivity, citation rates, research categories, Web of Science index, and identifies the most cited publications, journals, countries/regions, organizations, and authors. It also maps the network of cooperation among countries/regions, organizations, and authors, identifing their cooperative relationships. Furthermore, the researchers investigate the evolution of SE research hotspots by means of keyword co-occurrence analysis and co-citation reference analysis. The study suggests that while SE research is advancing, there is a critical need for strengthened inter-organizational and author collaboration to facilitate a more profound investigation of SE-human relationship, SE design, and other emerging topics
Optimization of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Surfactant and Dispersed Coconut-Shell Carbon Particles to the Thermal Conductivity of Heat Treatment Quenchant for S45C Medium Carbon Steel
Get PDFDispersing stabilized carbon-based solid particles in a base fluid can increase its thermal conductivity. The higher thermal conductivity of the carbon particles compared to the base fluid increases its heat transfer characteristics. A practical example of this type of thermally enhanced fluid for use as a quench medium in the steel heat treatment industry is presented here. By controlling the amount of carbon-based dispersed particles and stabilizers added to quench mediums, the cooling rate of the quench medium can be altered, which affects steel hardness after heat treatment. This study synthesized quenchants using distilled water; 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% dispersed coconut-shell charcoal carbon particles; and 3%–30% sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant. The quenchants were used to quench S45C medium carbon steel samples. The highest thermal conductivity (0.74 W/mK) and highest steel hardness (55 HRC) were achieved with the addition of 3% SDBS. Increased steel hardness correlated with higher cooling rates due to the increased thermal conductivity of the quenchant